![citric acid cycle](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008282878_1-257e0b404981576282e86ad45a8a9e44-300x300.png)
citric acid cycle
... The urea cycle and the reactions that feed amino group into it. Note that the enzymes catalyzing these reactions are distributed between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. One amino group enters the urea cycle from carbamoyl phosphate (step 1), formed in the matrix; the other (entering at s ...
... The urea cycle and the reactions that feed amino group into it. Note that the enzymes catalyzing these reactions are distributed between the mitochondrial matrix and the cytosol. One amino group enters the urea cycle from carbamoyl phosphate (step 1), formed in the matrix; the other (entering at s ...
Chapter 7 notes Membrane Structure and Function
... for cell-cell recognition - cell-cell recognition is the ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another - membrane carbohydrates are usually oligosaccharides (can vary greatly) ...
... for cell-cell recognition - cell-cell recognition is the ability of a cell to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another - membrane carbohydrates are usually oligosaccharides (can vary greatly) ...
slides
... linked. The diversity that results is demonstrated by proteins. 20 amino acids allow for 20200 possible 200 aa polypeptides. Macromolecules are extremely diverse and versatile proteins serve as enzymes to catalyze reactions subunits to build structural components of cells molecular motors to produce ...
... linked. The diversity that results is demonstrated by proteins. 20 amino acids allow for 20200 possible 200 aa polypeptides. Macromolecules are extremely diverse and versatile proteins serve as enzymes to catalyze reactions subunits to build structural components of cells molecular motors to produce ...
1. Introduction
... Summarizing, acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized to give two molecules of CO2 and reductive equivalents in form of NADH and FADH2. NADH is then used as a source of electrons for reactions involving the respiratory chain. Proteins in the respiratory chain are membrane-bound and use the reductive potent ...
... Summarizing, acetyl-CoA is completely oxidized to give two molecules of CO2 and reductive equivalents in form of NADH and FADH2. NADH is then used as a source of electrons for reactions involving the respiratory chain. Proteins in the respiratory chain are membrane-bound and use the reductive potent ...
Enzymes and Temperature
... changes the shape of the active site. This means that an enzyme-substrate complex cannot form. The proteases pepsin and trypsin are both produced by cells in an inactive form. The acid in the stomach changes the enzymes into their active form. Suggest why these enzymes are first secreted in their in ...
... changes the shape of the active site. This means that an enzyme-substrate complex cannot form. The proteases pepsin and trypsin are both produced by cells in an inactive form. The acid in the stomach changes the enzymes into their active form. Suggest why these enzymes are first secreted in their in ...
Aminosav metabolizmus IV. Aminosavak bioszintézise
... Porphyrias: group of genetic diseases caused by the accumulation in body fluids, and liver of some porphyrin precursors (because of the defect of certain enzyme in the biosynthesis of porphyrin). ...
... Porphyrias: group of genetic diseases caused by the accumulation in body fluids, and liver of some porphyrin precursors (because of the defect of certain enzyme in the biosynthesis of porphyrin). ...
are PROTEINS!!!!!!
... • Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. The 20 amino acids can be combined to form a great variety of protein molecules in living things. ...
... • Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids. The 20 amino acids can be combined to form a great variety of protein molecules in living things. ...
CP-Bio Ch 3(Chemistry of Life)
... amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because the order and type of amino acids in their structure is different. ...
... amino acids in its structure, and the bonds which form between the atoms of those molecules. Different types of enzymes have different shapes and functions because the order and type of amino acids in their structure is different. ...
a short review of biology I
... right next to each other so that the individual steps needed to form a product take place right next to each other ...
... right next to each other so that the individual steps needed to form a product take place right next to each other ...
Biochemistry Ch 35 663-676 [4-20
... -lipoxins induce chemotaxis ad stimulate superoxide anion production in leukocytes Cytochrome P450 Pathway: synthesis and actions of epoxides, HETEs and diol HETEs -AAcytochrome P450 to yield epoxides, HETEs, and diHETEs and are implicated in ocular, vascular, endocrine, and renal systems Isoprosta ...
... -lipoxins induce chemotaxis ad stimulate superoxide anion production in leukocytes Cytochrome P450 Pathway: synthesis and actions of epoxides, HETEs and diol HETEs -AAcytochrome P450 to yield epoxides, HETEs, and diHETEs and are implicated in ocular, vascular, endocrine, and renal systems Isoprosta ...
GLYCOLYSIS UP - Hudson City Schools / Homepage
... to flow down the ETC? • e- are passed from one protein to another from high energy to lower pulled by the final oxygen acceptor • (the escaped energy is used to move the H+ across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion) ...
... to flow down the ETC? • e- are passed from one protein to another from high energy to lower pulled by the final oxygen acceptor • (the escaped energy is used to move the H+ across the inner membrane of the mitochondrion) ...
Enzymes - terranovasciences
... The German scientist Emil Fisher introduced the lock and key model in 1890. Daniel Koshland suggested the induced-fit model in 1959 in the US. The conformational changes predicted by Koshland’s model were subsequently observed using high-resolution X-rays analysis of ...
... The German scientist Emil Fisher introduced the lock and key model in 1890. Daniel Koshland suggested the induced-fit model in 1959 in the US. The conformational changes predicted by Koshland’s model were subsequently observed using high-resolution X-rays analysis of ...
Biochem lectures
... Hierarchical nature of hormonal control Hormonal regulation of some physiological activities involves a hierarchy of cell types acting on each other either to stimulate or to modulate the release and action of a particular hormone. The secretion of hormones from successive levels of endocrine cells ...
... Hierarchical nature of hormonal control Hormonal regulation of some physiological activities involves a hierarchy of cell types acting on each other either to stimulate or to modulate the release and action of a particular hormone. The secretion of hormones from successive levels of endocrine cells ...
Chapter 4 - Dr. Dorena Rode
... 1. bioenergetics incorporates these first and second laws 3. the cell's “universal energy carrier” 7. reactions that require energy input 10. oxidizing or reducing ________ 11. different model of the same enzyme 13. compounds mainly derived from water-soluble vitamins 15. inborn error of phenylalani ...
... 1. bioenergetics incorporates these first and second laws 3. the cell's “universal energy carrier” 7. reactions that require energy input 10. oxidizing or reducing ________ 11. different model of the same enzyme 13. compounds mainly derived from water-soluble vitamins 15. inborn error of phenylalani ...
Enzymes - Pearland ISD
... We've been talking about various biological molecules and that they are needed for reactions in the body (DNA, Protein synthesis, Cellular respiration etc.) and how molecules can change. You should know that it doesn't happen on its own. If you leave a blob of protein in a petri dish will it just br ...
... We've been talking about various biological molecules and that they are needed for reactions in the body (DNA, Protein synthesis, Cellular respiration etc.) and how molecules can change. You should know that it doesn't happen on its own. If you leave a blob of protein in a petri dish will it just br ...
B. True or False/Edit
... 64. ____________. The formation of this “universal energy carrier” is 65. ____________ (endergonic/exergonic), providing the cell with a usable form of energy. In a similar fashion, triglycerides and amino acids can be combusted in the cell, transferring energy to power the cell's many energy-requir ...
... 64. ____________. The formation of this “universal energy carrier” is 65. ____________ (endergonic/exergonic), providing the cell with a usable form of energy. In a similar fashion, triglycerides and amino acids can be combusted in the cell, transferring energy to power the cell's many energy-requir ...
Enzymes
... We've been talking about various biological molecules and that they are needed for reactions in the body (DNA, Protein synthesis, Cellular respiration etc.) and how molecules can change. You should know that it doesn't happen on its own. If you leave a blob of protein in a petri dish will it just br ...
... We've been talking about various biological molecules and that they are needed for reactions in the body (DNA, Protein synthesis, Cellular respiration etc.) and how molecules can change. You should know that it doesn't happen on its own. If you leave a blob of protein in a petri dish will it just br ...
Midterm Review 4
... 30. Which subatomic particle did Thompson include in his "plumb pudding model"? a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. none of the above 31. Which of the following types of reactions results in a single product? a. combination b. decomposition c. single replacement a. double replacement 32. In the r ...
... 30. Which subatomic particle did Thompson include in his "plumb pudding model"? a. protons b. neutrons c. electrons d. none of the above 31. Which of the following types of reactions results in a single product? a. combination b. decomposition c. single replacement a. double replacement 32. In the r ...
Intro Cell Physiolog..
... – Contains its own DNA (maternal lineage only) – Double membrane • The inner memrane is heavily folded into "cristae" • The gel-like fluid "matrix" contains enzymes for production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ...
... – Contains its own DNA (maternal lineage only) – Double membrane • The inner memrane is heavily folded into "cristae" • The gel-like fluid "matrix" contains enzymes for production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ...
November 6th
... Neither dehydrogenase nor isomerase recognize ∆4 unsaturated fatty acids as a substrate. ...
... Neither dehydrogenase nor isomerase recognize ∆4 unsaturated fatty acids as a substrate. ...
Chapter 13 Carbohydrate Metabolism
... • A summary of the reactions of the ETC, cont.: – Four of the five remaining electron carriers are cytochromes (cyt), which are iron-containing enzymes. – In the final step, an oxygen atom accepts the elctrons and combines with two H+ ions to form water. ...
... • A summary of the reactions of the ETC, cont.: – Four of the five remaining electron carriers are cytochromes (cyt), which are iron-containing enzymes. – In the final step, an oxygen atom accepts the elctrons and combines with two H+ ions to form water. ...
Balancing Redox Equations Handout
... half-reaction for conservation of mass and charge. Multiply each half reaction 3 (2NO3- + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2e-) by the number that gives the least common multiple of 2 (3H+ + 3e- + HNO3 NO + 2H2O) electrons. In this case 6 electrons. Add the half-reactions and cancel similar terms. 8HNO3+ 3Cu 3Cu ...
... half-reaction for conservation of mass and charge. Multiply each half reaction 3 (2NO3- + Cu Cu(NO3)2 + 2e-) by the number that gives the least common multiple of 2 (3H+ + 3e- + HNO3 NO + 2H2O) electrons. In this case 6 electrons. Add the half-reactions and cancel similar terms. 8HNO3+ 3Cu 3Cu ...
EXAM 2012
... Glycolysis takes place inside the mitochondria. Glucose is reduced to pyruvate. NAD+ is an electron donor. Water is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Most of the ATP produced is from oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... Glycolysis takes place inside the mitochondria. Glucose is reduced to pyruvate. NAD+ is an electron donor. Water is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Most of the ATP produced is from oxidative phosphorylation. ...
ENERGY-PRODUCING ABILITY OF BACTERIA
... that drives the synthesis of ATP (Figure 3) (Lanyi et al 2012; Skulachev et al 2013). Photophosphorylation is mediated by a variety of factors. These most commonly take the form of internal inhibitors that are activated when energy needs are met in the organism. The ratio of NADP+/NADPH is a critica ...
... that drives the synthesis of ATP (Figure 3) (Lanyi et al 2012; Skulachev et al 2013). Photophosphorylation is mediated by a variety of factors. These most commonly take the form of internal inhibitors that are activated when energy needs are met in the organism. The ratio of NADP+/NADPH is a critica ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.