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BIOC*4520 - University of Guelph
... Explain the role of entropy and enthalpy, Gibbs free energy change, equilibrium constants, coupled reactions and redox reactions in biochemical processes. ...
... Explain the role of entropy and enthalpy, Gibbs free energy change, equilibrium constants, coupled reactions and redox reactions in biochemical processes. ...
Energy and Living Systems
... thus speeding up the rate of reaction, without itself being chemically involved. ENZYMES: these are proteins that function as catalyst. This means they speed up the rate of a chemical rxn in the body without being consumed in the process. By lowering “activation energy” the reaction speeds up. The n ...
... thus speeding up the rate of reaction, without itself being chemically involved. ENZYMES: these are proteins that function as catalyst. This means they speed up the rate of a chemical rxn in the body without being consumed in the process. By lowering “activation energy” the reaction speeds up. The n ...
Enzymes1
... of chemical reactions by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction . This pathway involves increasing the free energy of activation of the reaction. Enzymes are not changed in the overall catalytic process. All enzymes are of a protein nature . Most enzymes have a globular structure. ...
... of chemical reactions by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction . This pathway involves increasing the free energy of activation of the reaction. Enzymes are not changed in the overall catalytic process. All enzymes are of a protein nature . Most enzymes have a globular structure. ...
Most common elements in living things are carbon, hydrogen
... form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds with another atom and also bond to other carbon molecules forming double, triple, or quadruple bonds. Organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Since hydrogen has only one electron, it can form only single bonds. Each small organic molecule can be a unit ...
... form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds with another atom and also bond to other carbon molecules forming double, triple, or quadruple bonds. Organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Since hydrogen has only one electron, it can form only single bonds. Each small organic molecule can be a unit ...
2: Enzymes
... the outside of the protein, whilst non-polar, hydrophobic groups tend to lie on the inside, insulated from water. ...
... the outside of the protein, whilst non-polar, hydrophobic groups tend to lie on the inside, insulated from water. ...
1 Name Chapter 2 Reading Guide The Chemical Level of
... 25. The basic make-up of an organic compound are the carbons making the ___________________________. When hydrogens are attached to this, you can refer to that compound as a _________________________. Attached to these basic units are _______________________________ which confers characteristic chem ...
... 25. The basic make-up of an organic compound are the carbons making the ___________________________. When hydrogens are attached to this, you can refer to that compound as a _________________________. Attached to these basic units are _______________________________ which confers characteristic chem ...
Ligand Binding - Stroud -Lecture 1
... • RNAs can perform chemical reactions • Metal ions are important for structure and catalysis • RNAs can undergo major conformational change _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) Sclavi, B., Sullivan, M., Chance, M. R., Brenowitz, M., and Woodson, S. A. RNA ...
... • RNAs can perform chemical reactions • Metal ions are important for structure and catalysis • RNAs can undergo major conformational change _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) Sclavi, B., Sullivan, M., Chance, M. R., Brenowitz, M., and Woodson, S. A. RNA ...
1st exam
... 2)About 90 % of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the small intestine. 3)Glucose & fructose are absorbed by secondary active transport 4) Glycolysis is the major pathway for utilizing of glucose and is found in all 5)In ETC, Q (Co Q) serves to shuffle electrons from complexes I, II ...
... 2)About 90 % of the digestion and absorption of food takes place in the small intestine. 3)Glucose & fructose are absorbed by secondary active transport 4) Glycolysis is the major pathway for utilizing of glucose and is found in all 5)In ETC, Q (Co Q) serves to shuffle electrons from complexes I, II ...
Energy - Cobb Learning
... we require passing through the transport survive…chain. + diffuses •H through back thebreath We take in about 2 xATP 1020synthase molecules of Ointo 2 per matrix (chemiosmosis) creating ATP (phosphorilation) ...
... we require passing through the transport survive…chain. + diffuses •H through back thebreath We take in about 2 xATP 1020synthase molecules of Ointo 2 per matrix (chemiosmosis) creating ATP (phosphorilation) ...
Powerpoint
... physically, because the species of the two half-cells react directly without electrons going through the external circuit. ...
... physically, because the species of the two half-cells react directly without electrons going through the external circuit. ...
THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... petroleum hydrocarbons. These are also fuels because of their high content of H atom electrons (Energy Transformations Lecture 3).] ...
... petroleum hydrocarbons. These are also fuels because of their high content of H atom electrons (Energy Transformations Lecture 3).] ...
Energy Systems
... • Oxygen debt refers to post exercise oxygen consumption where the body needs to _________________its debt incurred after the exercise is over • You will notice that even after you are done racing you will continue to breath hard. • At this point your body is still trying to repay the oxygen debt th ...
... • Oxygen debt refers to post exercise oxygen consumption where the body needs to _________________its debt incurred after the exercise is over • You will notice that even after you are done racing you will continue to breath hard. • At this point your body is still trying to repay the oxygen debt th ...
video slide - Ionia Public Schools
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from f ...
... • Electrons are transferred from NADH or FADH2 to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from f ...
Mr. Carpenter`s Biology Biochemistry Name Pd ____
... o Electron configuration determines the kinds and number of ______________________ an atom will form with other atoms. • The Formation of Bonds with Carbon o With four ______________________ electrons, carbon can form four ______________________ bonds with a variety of atoms. o This ________________ ...
... o Electron configuration determines the kinds and number of ______________________ an atom will form with other atoms. • The Formation of Bonds with Carbon o With four ______________________ electrons, carbon can form four ______________________ bonds with a variety of atoms. o This ________________ ...
Muscle Tissue C1
... • Muscle cross-sectional area: hypertrophy of cells increases strength • Frequency of stimulation: stimulation rate allows time for more effective transfer of tension ...
... • Muscle cross-sectional area: hypertrophy of cells increases strength • Frequency of stimulation: stimulation rate allows time for more effective transfer of tension ...
3. What are macromolecules? LARGE ORGANIC
... made primarily of carbon. Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds with another atom and also bond to other carbon molecules forming double, triple, or quadruple bonds. Organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Since hydrogen has only one electron, it can ...
... made primarily of carbon. Carbon has four outer electrons and can form four bonds. Carbon can form single bonds with another atom and also bond to other carbon molecules forming double, triple, or quadruple bonds. Organic compounds also contain hydrogen. Since hydrogen has only one electron, it can ...
What enzymes do do!! Increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the
... any higher. This makes sense, since there should be some point at which all the enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate and addition of further substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. At saturating values of [S] the rate is only dependent on the enzyme concentration [E]. Thus the ...
... any higher. This makes sense, since there should be some point at which all the enzyme molecules are saturated with substrate and addition of further substrate will not increase the rate of the reaction. At saturating values of [S] the rate is only dependent on the enzyme concentration [E]. Thus the ...
Slide 1
... Now that we know something about bonds and forces, we can try to understand the structure and function of more complex biomolecules. ...
... Now that we know something about bonds and forces, we can try to understand the structure and function of more complex biomolecules. ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.