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Metabolism Power Point
... – Energy can be transferred and transformed – Energy cannot be created or destroyed • The first law is also called the principle of ...
... – Energy can be transferred and transformed – Energy cannot be created or destroyed • The first law is also called the principle of ...
03-232 Biochemistry Exam III - S2014 Name:________________________
... likely difference between the fatty acids in these two oils and how does this difference affect their melting temperatures? What fundamental thermodynamic interaction (e.g. H-bonds, electrostatics) is responsible for this difference? Choice B: The concentration of two short polypeptides in membranes ...
... likely difference between the fatty acids in these two oils and how does this difference affect their melting temperatures? What fundamental thermodynamic interaction (e.g. H-bonds, electrostatics) is responsible for this difference? Choice B: The concentration of two short polypeptides in membranes ...
UNIT 5 I. Energy and the Cell Module 5.1 Energy is the capacity to
... B. The citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix yields some ATP directly but strips out CO2, producing energy shuttles. C. The electron transport chain produces copious amounts of ATP, but only in the presence of O2. D. Three ATP are produced for each NADH and 2 ATP are produced for each FADH2 ...
... B. The citric acid cycle in the mitochondrial matrix yields some ATP directly but strips out CO2, producing energy shuttles. C. The electron transport chain produces copious amounts of ATP, but only in the presence of O2. D. Three ATP are produced for each NADH and 2 ATP are produced for each FADH2 ...
IPC – First Semester Exam Review Be able to classify an example
... Potassium (K) is in group 1 and has 1 valence electron. K gives up that 1 electron because it is easier to give up 1 electron than to gain 7 electrons to get a full outer shell. When K gives up the electron, it has one more positive proton than negative electron. Potassium starts with 19 positive pr ...
... Potassium (K) is in group 1 and has 1 valence electron. K gives up that 1 electron because it is easier to give up 1 electron than to gain 7 electrons to get a full outer shell. When K gives up the electron, it has one more positive proton than negative electron. Potassium starts with 19 positive pr ...
Microbiology
... Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of ...
... Simple diffusion: Movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of ...
Energy and Enzymes
... Enzyme Properties • They are proteins • Make chemical reaction happen faster • Are not used up in chemical reaction (reused many times) • Specific to only one kind of substrate • Names usually end in ase • Ex: lipase, Catalase, lactase ...
... Enzyme Properties • They are proteins • Make chemical reaction happen faster • Are not used up in chemical reaction (reused many times) • Specific to only one kind of substrate • Names usually end in ase • Ex: lipase, Catalase, lactase ...
Types of Organic compounds
... • Carbonyl groups have one oxygen atom doublebonded to a carbon atom (symbolized as -C=O). Like hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups contribute to making molecules water-soluble. All sugar molecules have one carbonyl group, in addition to hydroxyl groups on the other carbon atoms. – Aldehyde groups, whe ...
... • Carbonyl groups have one oxygen atom doublebonded to a carbon atom (symbolized as -C=O). Like hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups contribute to making molecules water-soluble. All sugar molecules have one carbonyl group, in addition to hydroxyl groups on the other carbon atoms. – Aldehyde groups, whe ...
Bell work
... HOMEWORK: Quiz tomorrow over Krebs, ETC, and Fermentation. Objective: I will review the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation through four corner activity. ...
... HOMEWORK: Quiz tomorrow over Krebs, ETC, and Fermentation. Objective: I will review the processes of cellular respiration and fermentation through four corner activity. ...
How Cells Obtain Energy from Food - Molecular Biology of the Cell
... mitochondria. There, each pyruvate molecule is converted into CO 2 plus a two-carbon acetyl group—which becomes attached to coenzyme A (CoA), forming acetyl CoA, another activated carrier molecule (see Figure 2-62). Large amounts of acetyl CoA are also produced by the stepwise breakdown and oxidatio ...
... mitochondria. There, each pyruvate molecule is converted into CO 2 plus a two-carbon acetyl group—which becomes attached to coenzyme A (CoA), forming acetyl CoA, another activated carrier molecule (see Figure 2-62). Large amounts of acetyl CoA are also produced by the stepwise breakdown and oxidatio ...
part 3 - instructor version
... Balance oxygen by adding water Balance hydrogen by adding (a) H+ in acidic solutions, (b) in basic solutions, continue as if in acidic solution, but at the end each H + ion will be neutralized by adding OH- ions 6. Balance charge by adding electrons; for the oxidation half-reaction, the electrons wi ...
... Balance oxygen by adding water Balance hydrogen by adding (a) H+ in acidic solutions, (b) in basic solutions, continue as if in acidic solution, but at the end each H + ion will be neutralized by adding OH- ions 6. Balance charge by adding electrons; for the oxidation half-reaction, the electrons wi ...
ATP
... After: (1) Kritsky MS; Lyudnikova TA; Mironov EA; Moskaleva IV. The UV radiation-driven reduction of pterins in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol B-Biol 1997 39(1) 43-48 (2) Lyudnikova TA; Dashina OA; Telegina TA; Kritsky MS. Investigation of the photochemical properties of biopterin and its r ...
... After: (1) Kritsky MS; Lyudnikova TA; Mironov EA; Moskaleva IV. The UV radiation-driven reduction of pterins in aqueous solution. J Photochem Photobiol B-Biol 1997 39(1) 43-48 (2) Lyudnikova TA; Dashina OA; Telegina TA; Kritsky MS. Investigation of the photochemical properties of biopterin and its r ...
Enzymes - WordPress.com
... dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate such as ATP. Unlike the stably associated prosthetic groups, cofactors therefore must be present in the medium surrounding the enzyme for catalysis to occur. The most common cofactors also are metal ions. Enzymes that require a metal ion cofa ...
... dissociable manner either to the enzyme or to a substrate such as ATP. Unlike the stably associated prosthetic groups, cofactors therefore must be present in the medium surrounding the enzyme for catalysis to occur. The most common cofactors also are metal ions. Enzymes that require a metal ion cofa ...
Physical Properties - Chemistry at Winthrop University
... Let’s break the reaction down into steps 1st Stage: Formation of the Acyl-Enzyme intermediate Imidazole nitrogen from histidine side chain acts as a General Base Catalyst and abstracts the hydroxyl proton from the Serine ...
... Let’s break the reaction down into steps 1st Stage: Formation of the Acyl-Enzyme intermediate Imidazole nitrogen from histidine side chain acts as a General Base Catalyst and abstracts the hydroxyl proton from the Serine ...
Test 1
... 12. Sketch the pathway in which pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2. In this pathway be sure to identify all reactions that generate ATP, GTP, NADH or FADH2. Also show the anapleotropic reaction that are used to fill in TCA intermediates when they are depleted. I would prefer structures for all ...
... 12. Sketch the pathway in which pyruvate is completely oxidized to CO2. In this pathway be sure to identify all reactions that generate ATP, GTP, NADH or FADH2. Also show the anapleotropic reaction that are used to fill in TCA intermediates when they are depleted. I would prefer structures for all ...
Biochemistry of Cardiac Muscle and Lung
... to synthesize and transfer in the form of energy-rich phosphate bonds to sustain excitation-contraction coupling. ...
... to synthesize and transfer in the form of energy-rich phosphate bonds to sustain excitation-contraction coupling. ...
Lab 7 PPT - Dr Magrann
... • During glycolysis, we have to get rid of a hydrogen (H+), but almost no one wants to carry that burden. • There is a guy named NAD who is willing to accept this burden. When he takes on the H+, he is reduced. If his H+ burden is removed by someone else, he feels good, and is oxidized! • All of NAD ...
... • During glycolysis, we have to get rid of a hydrogen (H+), but almost no one wants to carry that burden. • There is a guy named NAD who is willing to accept this burden. When he takes on the H+, he is reduced. If his H+ burden is removed by someone else, he feels good, and is oxidized! • All of NAD ...
Ch 6 Chemistry of Life Lecture
... o Electrons are peculiar. They tend to hang out in specific shells surrounding the nucleus o The first shell has only two electrons. Almost every shell after that has 8 (not really, but this is simplified) o If an atom’s outer shell does not have the right amount of electrons, it will be unstable. o ...
... o Electrons are peculiar. They tend to hang out in specific shells surrounding the nucleus o The first shell has only two electrons. Almost every shell after that has 8 (not really, but this is simplified) o If an atom’s outer shell does not have the right amount of electrons, it will be unstable. o ...
Mechanism of Enzyme Action
... the transamination & decarboxylation reactions of amino acid metabolism and in the utilization of pentose phosphates in the pentose phosphate pathway. • As a result of thiamine deficiency, Dysfunction occurs in the central and peripheral nervous system and other organs. ...
... the transamination & decarboxylation reactions of amino acid metabolism and in the utilization of pentose phosphates in the pentose phosphate pathway. • As a result of thiamine deficiency, Dysfunction occurs in the central and peripheral nervous system and other organs. ...
1. Select the correct statement about subatomic particles. a
... 81. How many moles of glucose, C6H12O6, can be “burned” biologically when 10.0 moles of oxygen are available? a. 0.938 mol d. 60.0 mol b. 1.67 mol e. 301 mol c. 53.3 mol 82. Hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting aluminum with sulfuric acid. How many moles of sulfuric acid are needed to completely ...
... 81. How many moles of glucose, C6H12O6, can be “burned” biologically when 10.0 moles of oxygen are available? a. 0.938 mol d. 60.0 mol b. 1.67 mol e. 301 mol c. 53.3 mol 82. Hydrogen gas can be produced by reacting aluminum with sulfuric acid. How many moles of sulfuric acid are needed to completely ...
Lecture 27
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
... In mammals, found in the liver and small intestine mucosa XO is a homodimer with FAD, two [2Fe-2S] clusters and a molybdopterin complex (Mo-pt) that cycles between Mol (VI) and Mol (IV) oxidation states. Final electron acceptor is O2 which is converted to H2O2 XO is cleaved into 3 segments. The uncl ...
Glucose Metabolism Glycolysis Expectations
... • Concept: Phosphoryl group transfer potential • Chemical logic? ...
... • Concept: Phosphoryl group transfer potential • Chemical logic? ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.