![C) the gain of electrons.](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/005384014_1-8b896bae27e50d4a1b99b0f888b64811-300x300.png)
C) the gain of electrons.
... B) Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell's abilities to catalyze various reactions. C) Elevated body temperatures will increase the energy of activation needed to start various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzym ...
... B) Elevated body temperatures may denature enzymes. This would interfere with the cell's abilities to catalyze various reactions. C) Elevated body temperatures will increase the energy of activation needed to start various chemical reactions in the body. This will interfere with the ability of enzym ...
Krebs cycle - Groby Bio Page
... continue (1); hydrogen removed using NAD/FAD and reduced (1), then NAD/FAD are oxidised at electron transport chain (1); oxygen required for ...
... continue (1); hydrogen removed using NAD/FAD and reduced (1), then NAD/FAD are oxidised at electron transport chain (1); oxygen required for ...
Part 2
... HEY!!! Here’s the first time O2 shows up!!! It is the final electron acceptor, and water is produced as a waste product! ...
... HEY!!! Here’s the first time O2 shows up!!! It is the final electron acceptor, and water is produced as a waste product! ...
AP Review
... Fast Facts Redox reactions release energy when electrons move closer to electronegative atoms - the relocation of electrons releases the energy stored in food molecules, and this energy is used to synthesize ATP - the loss of e- from one substance is called oxidation - the addition of e- to another ...
... Fast Facts Redox reactions release energy when electrons move closer to electronegative atoms - the relocation of electrons releases the energy stored in food molecules, and this energy is used to synthesize ATP - the loss of e- from one substance is called oxidation - the addition of e- to another ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical
... 23) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO 2 and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for the reduction of NAD + to NADH is +53 kcal/mole. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? A) Most of the free ene ...
... 23) The free energy for the oxidation of glucose to CO 2 and water is -686 kcal/mole and the free energy for the reduction of NAD + to NADH is +53 kcal/mole. Why are only two molecules of NADH formed during glycolysis when it appears that as many as a dozen could be formed? A) Most of the free ene ...
[j26]Chapter 5#
... Answers to these questions and others regarding cell respiration are discussed here. Also, this chapter illustrates how the metabolic demands for ATP are met by exercising skeletal muscle and other active tissues. A continuous supply of glucose as fuel for ATP synthesis is primarily made available b ...
... Answers to these questions and others regarding cell respiration are discussed here. Also, this chapter illustrates how the metabolic demands for ATP are met by exercising skeletal muscle and other active tissues. A continuous supply of glucose as fuel for ATP synthesis is primarily made available b ...
Enzyme
... raising the concentration of the substrate. • Most frequently, in competitive inhibition the inhibitor, I, binds to the substrate-binding portion of the active site and blocks access by the substrate. • The structures of most classic competitive inhibitors therefore tend to resemble the structures o ...
... raising the concentration of the substrate. • Most frequently, in competitive inhibition the inhibitor, I, binds to the substrate-binding portion of the active site and blocks access by the substrate. • The structures of most classic competitive inhibitors therefore tend to resemble the structures o ...
Mary Jones Jennifer Gregory - Assets
... into the cell and three sodium ions move out of the cell. Since only two potassium ions are added to the cell contents for every three sodium ions removed, a potential difference is created across the membrane which is negative inside with respect to the outside. Both sodium and potassium ions leak ...
... into the cell and three sodium ions move out of the cell. Since only two potassium ions are added to the cell contents for every three sodium ions removed, a potential difference is created across the membrane which is negative inside with respect to the outside. Both sodium and potassium ions leak ...
Biochemistry
... • All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids • Within cells, small organic molecules are joined together to form larger molecules • Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently ...
... • All living things are made up of four classes of large biological molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids • Within cells, small organic molecules are joined together to form larger molecules • Macromolecules are large molecules composed of thousands of covalently ...
Exam 2 - Saddleback College
... 1. Briefly explain the difference between catabolism and anabolism. How does exergonic and endergonic relate to metabolism? Give an example of where each of these reactions takes place in your body. 2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction using either the cellular respiration or ph ...
... 1. Briefly explain the difference between catabolism and anabolism. How does exergonic and endergonic relate to metabolism? Give an example of where each of these reactions takes place in your body. 2. Explain the difference between oxidation and reduction using either the cellular respiration or ph ...
CHAPTER 3 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE Section 1: Matter and
... A chemical change occurs when a substance changes into a different substance. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in any change. This observation is called the law of conservation of mass. The ability to move or change matter is called energy. Energy exists in many forms and can be converted fro ...
... A chemical change occurs when a substance changes into a different substance. Matter is neither created nor destroyed in any change. This observation is called the law of conservation of mass. The ability to move or change matter is called energy. Energy exists in many forms and can be converted fro ...
Honors BIOLOGY
... amino acid side chains (R groups) and the backbone too. Sometimes, more than one polypeptide must combine to create a finished protein. (ex] collagen and hemoglobin) ...
... amino acid side chains (R groups) and the backbone too. Sometimes, more than one polypeptide must combine to create a finished protein. (ex] collagen and hemoglobin) ...
Short Answer Questions: a workshop
... Look at a student’s answer to the question below and summarise it in NO MORE THAN 20 words. Question: The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. Some children have a deficiency of this enzyme activity. Explain why: these children h ...
... Look at a student’s answer to the question below and summarise it in NO MORE THAN 20 words. Question: The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. Some children have a deficiency of this enzyme activity. Explain why: these children h ...
Enzymes - Solon City Schools
... Think about it Tannic acid is used to form a scab on a burn. An egg becomes hard boiled when placed in hot water. What is similar about these two events? ...
... Think about it Tannic acid is used to form a scab on a burn. An egg becomes hard boiled when placed in hot water. What is similar about these two events? ...
7. Metabolism
... called photosynthesis. Humans and animals eat the plants and use the carbohydrate as fuel for their bodies. During digestion, the energy-yielding nutrients are broken down to monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids. After absorption, enzymes and coenzymes can build more complex compo ...
... called photosynthesis. Humans and animals eat the plants and use the carbohydrate as fuel for their bodies. During digestion, the energy-yielding nutrients are broken down to monosaccharides, fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids. After absorption, enzymes and coenzymes can build more complex compo ...
Unit 2 - CST Personal Home Pages
... from organic compounds to electron carrier molecules and then to final electron acceptor molecules. The transfer of electrons releases energy that is used to convert ADP ATP. 3. by photophosporylation – occurs in photosynthetic cells only. Light energy is converted to ATP. ...
... from organic compounds to electron carrier molecules and then to final electron acceptor molecules. The transfer of electrons releases energy that is used to convert ADP ATP. 3. by photophosporylation – occurs in photosynthetic cells only. Light energy is converted to ATP. ...
cellular respiration
... ______ 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized ______ 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH ______ Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs ______ 4 ADP + 4P Æ 4 ATP ______ 2 ATP molecules are used ______ Glucose & intermediate compounds are phosphorylated ______ Fructose 1,6-diphosphate split into two 3-C co ...
... ______ 2 glyceraldehyde phosphates are oxidized ______ 2 NAD+ are reduced to 2 NADH ______ Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs ______ 4 ADP + 4P Æ 4 ATP ______ 2 ATP molecules are used ______ Glucose & intermediate compounds are phosphorylated ______ Fructose 1,6-diphosphate split into two 3-C co ...
4 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 Dr. M. Alzaharna 2016 II. REACTIONS OF
... • α-Ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to succinyl CoA by the αKetoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, producing CO2 and NADH. The enzyme is very similar to the PDH complex and uses the same coenzymes. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is activated by Ca+2 and inhibited by NADH and succin ...
... • α-Ketoglutarate is oxidatively decarboxylated to succinyl CoA by the αKetoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, producing CO2 and NADH. The enzyme is very similar to the PDH complex and uses the same coenzymes. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is activated by Ca+2 and inhibited by NADH and succin ...
Lecture 26
... Gluconeogenesis is not just the reverse of glycolysis Several steps are different so that control of one pathway does not inactivate the other. However many steps are the same. Three steps are different from glycolysis. 1 Pyruvate to PEP 2 Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate to Fructose-6phosphate 3 Glucose ...
... Gluconeogenesis is not just the reverse of glycolysis Several steps are different so that control of one pathway does not inactivate the other. However many steps are the same. Three steps are different from glycolysis. 1 Pyruvate to PEP 2 Fructose 1,6- bisphosphate to Fructose-6phosphate 3 Glucose ...
Enzyme!
... • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
... • sucrase breaks down sucrose • proteases breakdown proteins • lipases breakdown lipids • DNA polymerase builds DNA Oh, I get it! They end in -ase ...
Chemical Energy and ATP
... your body. And, when fats are broken down, they yield the most ATP. For example, a typical triglyceride can be broken down to make about 146 molecules of ATP. Proteins store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates, but they are less likely to be broken down to make ATP. The amino acids that ...
... your body. And, when fats are broken down, they yield the most ATP. For example, a typical triglyceride can be broken down to make about 146 molecules of ATP. Proteins store about the same amount of energy as carbohydrates, but they are less likely to be broken down to make ATP. The amino acids that ...
TCA Cycle - eCurriculum
... Catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase, enzyme directly linked to the electron transport chain. )G 0 ’= 0. Uses FAD because the free energy change is not enough to generate NADH. 7) fumarate + H2O ↔ malate Catalyzed by fumarase. )G 0 ’= 0. 8) malate + NAD + ↔ oxaloacetate + NADH Catalyzed ...
... Catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase, enzyme directly linked to the electron transport chain. )G 0 ’= 0. Uses FAD because the free energy change is not enough to generate NADH. 7) fumarate + H2O ↔ malate Catalyzed by fumarase. )G 0 ’= 0. 8) malate + NAD + ↔ oxaloacetate + NADH Catalyzed ...
Cell Energetics Foldable
... 1. Label this section “Photosynthesis” 2. Draw a simplified chloroplast, showing the grana and the stroma. 3. Draw and label the energy source. Draw and label the reactant and product of the light dependent reactions. Be sure to label where the chloroplast this happens. 4. Draw and label the reactan ...
... 1. Label this section “Photosynthesis” 2. Draw a simplified chloroplast, showing the grana and the stroma. 3. Draw and label the energy source. Draw and label the reactant and product of the light dependent reactions. Be sure to label where the chloroplast this happens. 4. Draw and label the reactan ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.