PPT Oxidation
... • When you look at the two half-reactions, you will see they are already balanced for atoms with one Ag on each side and one Cu on each side. So, all we need to do is balance the charge. • To do this you add electrons to the more positive side. You add enough to make the total charge on each side b ...
... • When you look at the two half-reactions, you will see they are already balanced for atoms with one Ag on each side and one Cu on each side. So, all we need to do is balance the charge. • To do this you add electrons to the more positive side. You add enough to make the total charge on each side b ...
Chapter 8 - Slothnet
... Uncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme–substrate complex, preventing release of products. Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to enzyme at a different site (not the active site). The enzyme changes shape and alters the active site. ...
... Uncompetitive inhibitors bind to the enzyme–substrate complex, preventing release of products. Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to enzyme at a different site (not the active site). The enzyme changes shape and alters the active site. ...
Glycogen Metabolism Gluconeogenesis
... • In the “resting” state, Gα is bound to the Gβ-Gγ dimer. Gα contains the nucleotide binding site, holding GDP in the inactive form, and is the “warhead” of the G protein. At least 20 different forms of Ga exist in mammalian cells. • Binding of the extracellular signal by the GPCR causes it to under ...
... • In the “resting” state, Gα is bound to the Gβ-Gγ dimer. Gα contains the nucleotide binding site, holding GDP in the inactive form, and is the “warhead” of the G protein. At least 20 different forms of Ga exist in mammalian cells. • Binding of the extracellular signal by the GPCR causes it to under ...
Final Exam (5/15/14)
... 9. In some bacteria, the citric acid cycle runs backwards from oxaloacetate to citrate to reduce CO2. We feed bacteria with oxaloacetate labeled with14-C on the methyl carbon (-CH2-). a. Draw the citrate molecule indicating where the label is. If only a fraction of molecules contain that label, indi ...
... 9. In some bacteria, the citric acid cycle runs backwards from oxaloacetate to citrate to reduce CO2. We feed bacteria with oxaloacetate labeled with14-C on the methyl carbon (-CH2-). a. Draw the citrate molecule indicating where the label is. If only a fraction of molecules contain that label, indi ...
Photosynthesis
... Photorespiration consumes O2 and organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar ...
... Photorespiration consumes O2 and organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... 1.The enzyme responsible for the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into glucose, glucose 6phosphatase, is regulated. 2.The enzyme is present only in tissues whose metabolic duty is to maintain blood-glucose balanced by releasing glucose into the blood (the liver and to a lesser extent the kidney). ...
... 1.The enzyme responsible for the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate into glucose, glucose 6phosphatase, is regulated. 2.The enzyme is present only in tissues whose metabolic duty is to maintain blood-glucose balanced by releasing glucose into the blood (the liver and to a lesser extent the kidney). ...
Enzymes
... energy through an ion gradient. In mitochondria, the free energy contained in small molecules derived from food is converted first into the free energy of an ion gradient and then into a different currency, the free energy of adenosine triphosphate. ...
... energy through an ion gradient. In mitochondria, the free energy contained in small molecules derived from food is converted first into the free energy of an ion gradient and then into a different currency, the free energy of adenosine triphosphate. ...
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY NOTES , 2s , 2px , 2py , 2pz , 2s , 2px , 2py
... even less acidic, and would not favor presence of CH3CHOH- group dissociation. In the above diagram, Notice the formation of an Aldehyde in Step (2). The “H” present in (2) can also be an Alkyl Chain. The same test would also be useful in identifying CH3CO- group as aldehydes/ketones are already bei ...
... even less acidic, and would not favor presence of CH3CHOH- group dissociation. In the above diagram, Notice the formation of an Aldehyde in Step (2). The “H” present in (2) can also be an Alkyl Chain. The same test would also be useful in identifying CH3CO- group as aldehydes/ketones are already bei ...
Chapter 4: Oxidation and Reduction MH5 4
... Unit 3 Oxidation and Reduction Chemistry 020, R. R. Martin 1 Introduction Another important type of reaction in aqueous solution involves the transfer of electrons between two species. This is called an oxidation-reduction or a redox reaction. What happens when zinc pellets are added to an acid? The ...
... Unit 3 Oxidation and Reduction Chemistry 020, R. R. Martin 1 Introduction Another important type of reaction in aqueous solution involves the transfer of electrons between two species. This is called an oxidation-reduction or a redox reaction. What happens when zinc pellets are added to an acid? The ...
BS11 Final Exam Answer Key Spring `98
... beyond their teens because they accumulate undigested glycosaminoglycans in their lysosomes. Patients with Hunter's syndrome have a defective gene for, and are hence unable to make, a certain lysosomal enzyme, enzyme A, which is necessary for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Patients with Hurl ...
... beyond their teens because they accumulate undigested glycosaminoglycans in their lysosomes. Patients with Hunter's syndrome have a defective gene for, and are hence unable to make, a certain lysosomal enzyme, enzyme A, which is necessary for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Patients with Hurl ...
enzymes - UniMAP Portal
... the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail. ...
... the field of structural biology and the effort to understand how enzymes work at an atomic level of detail. ...
The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle The First of the Final Common Pathways
... the energy released during this process is trapped in a molecule of GTP/ATP, a molecule of NADH, and a molecule of FADH2. The bond between succinate and CoA in succinyl-CoA is a high energy thioester bond. In animal cells the energy stored in this bond is used to drive the formation of a GTP or ATP ...
... the energy released during this process is trapped in a molecule of GTP/ATP, a molecule of NADH, and a molecule of FADH2. The bond between succinate and CoA in succinyl-CoA is a high energy thioester bond. In animal cells the energy stored in this bond is used to drive the formation of a GTP or ATP ...
Biology 181: Study Guide
... How does energy released from the catabolism of ATP become coupled to cellular work? If glucose provides the ultimate source of energy for cells, why do they transfer that energy to other molecules like ADP -> ATP? or NAD+ -> NADH? Compare substrate-level phosphorylation to oxidative phosphorylation ...
... How does energy released from the catabolism of ATP become coupled to cellular work? If glucose provides the ultimate source of energy for cells, why do they transfer that energy to other molecules like ADP -> ATP? or NAD+ -> NADH? Compare substrate-level phosphorylation to oxidative phosphorylation ...
Metabolism
... end, producing glucose 1-phosphate. • Glycogen phosphorylase activated by glucagon (liver) (low blood glucose) AMP (skeletal muscle)(energy need) Epinephrine (emergency energy signal) Liver: increase blood glucose Skeletal muscle: provide fuel for glycolysis Glycogen phosphorylase inhibited by insul ...
... end, producing glucose 1-phosphate. • Glycogen phosphorylase activated by glucagon (liver) (low blood glucose) AMP (skeletal muscle)(energy need) Epinephrine (emergency energy signal) Liver: increase blood glucose Skeletal muscle: provide fuel for glycolysis Glycogen phosphorylase inhibited by insul ...
pyruvate
... cytosolic PEPCK (this is unique amongst mammalian cells) so this second reaction can occur in either cellular compartment. For gluconeogenesis to proceed, the OAA produced by PC needs to be transported to the cytosol. However, no transport mechanism exist for its' direct transfer and OAA will not fr ...
... cytosolic PEPCK (this is unique amongst mammalian cells) so this second reaction can occur in either cellular compartment. For gluconeogenesis to proceed, the OAA produced by PC needs to be transported to the cytosol. However, no transport mechanism exist for its' direct transfer and OAA will not fr ...
Final Exam Practice Problems: R = 0.0821 Latm/molK NA = 6.022
... A) Li+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) + Cu+(aq) + NO3-(aq) → CuS(s) + Li+(aq) + NO3-(aq) B) Li+ (aq) + S-(aq) + Cu+(aq) + NO3-(aq) → CuS(s) + LiNO3(aq) C) 2 Li+(aq) + S2-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + S2-(aq) + 2 LiNO3(s) D) 2 Li+(aq) + S2-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → CuS(s) + 2 Li+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) ...
... A) Li+ (aq) + SO42-(aq) + Cu+(aq) + NO3-(aq) → CuS(s) + Li+(aq) + NO3-(aq) B) Li+ (aq) + S-(aq) + Cu+(aq) + NO3-(aq) → CuS(s) + LiNO3(aq) C) 2 Li+(aq) + S2-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + S2-(aq) + 2 LiNO3(s) D) 2 Li+(aq) + S2-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) → CuS(s) + 2 Li+(aq) + 2 NO3-(aq) ...
glucose - WordPress.com
... AMP and ADP are activators. As ATP is consumed, ADP and sometimes AMP levels build up, triggering the need for more ATP. The enzyme is highly regulated by ATP. If there is a lot of ATP in the cell, then glycolysis is not necessary.. ATP will build at an allosteric site and inhibit binding of F6-P. ...
... AMP and ADP are activators. As ATP is consumed, ADP and sometimes AMP levels build up, triggering the need for more ATP. The enzyme is highly regulated by ATP. If there is a lot of ATP in the cell, then glycolysis is not necessary.. ATP will build at an allosteric site and inhibit binding of F6-P. ...
Lh6Ch14aGlycolPPP
... Forwards!!!! Where is this going on in a cell? EOC Problems 1+2 can be worked from this Figure and ...
... Forwards!!!! Where is this going on in a cell? EOC Problems 1+2 can be worked from this Figure and ...
File - Ms. Collins Science!
... _________46. Which one of the following is a correct pairing? (a) Proteins: A source of quick energy for the cell. (b) Carbohydrates: Used as the strengthening tissue in plant cell wall ...
... _________46. Which one of the following is a correct pairing? (a) Proteins: A source of quick energy for the cell. (b) Carbohydrates: Used as the strengthening tissue in plant cell wall ...
ENZYMES
... The Chemical nature of enzymes • Enzymes are globular proteins. They have a complex tertiary and quaternary structure in which polypeptides are folded around each other to form a roughly spherical or globular shape. The overall 3D shape of an enzyme molecule is very important: if it is altered, the ...
... The Chemical nature of enzymes • Enzymes are globular proteins. They have a complex tertiary and quaternary structure in which polypeptides are folded around each other to form a roughly spherical or globular shape. The overall 3D shape of an enzyme molecule is very important: if it is altered, the ...
3.10 Neutralization
... ZnS(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g) ZnS(s) + 2H+ + 2Cl- → Zn2+ + 2Cl- + H2S(g) ⇒ZnS(s) + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2S(g) – H+ is present in the form of H3O+ ...
... ZnS(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2S(g) ZnS(s) + 2H+ + 2Cl- → Zn2+ + 2Cl- + H2S(g) ⇒ZnS(s) + 2H+ → Zn2+ + H2S(g) – H+ is present in the form of H3O+ ...
Sample Chapters - Pearson Canada
... organic compounds; and stage 3, the ultimate degradation to, or synthesis from, inorganic compounds, including CO2, H2O, and NH3 (Figure 12.1b). As we proceed through this chapter, we shall add detail to this figure, introducing you thereby to each major metabolic process and identifying the functio ...
... organic compounds; and stage 3, the ultimate degradation to, or synthesis from, inorganic compounds, including CO2, H2O, and NH3 (Figure 12.1b). As we proceed through this chapter, we shall add detail to this figure, introducing you thereby to each major metabolic process and identifying the functio ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.