Lecture_09_Metabolic_systems - Home | CISB-ECN
... Metabolomics is the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind. Currently there are ≈42,000 metabolites in HMDB2, of which: 22,000 are associated with a proteins (enzyme & transporters) 5,000 have been quantified. ...
... Metabolomics is the systematic study of the unique chemical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind. Currently there are ≈42,000 metabolites in HMDB2, of which: 22,000 are associated with a proteins (enzyme & transporters) 5,000 have been quantified. ...
Next Question
... A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move a sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement BEST describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane? • A. Sodium and pot ...
... A sodium-potassium pump within a cell membrane requires energy to move a sodium and potassium ions into or out of a cell. The movement of glucose into or out of a cell does not require energy. Which statement BEST describes the movement of these materials across a cell membrane? • A. Sodium and pot ...
Lecture 6
... tracing of the a-carbon atoms. N and C correspond to the amino- and carboxyl-terminals, respectively. The letters followed by numbers represent amino acids in the polypeptide chain. A hypothetical vertical line divides the actin molecule into two domains "large", left side, and "small", right side. ...
... tracing of the a-carbon atoms. N and C correspond to the amino- and carboxyl-terminals, respectively. The letters followed by numbers represent amino acids in the polypeptide chain. A hypothetical vertical line divides the actin molecule into two domains "large", left side, and "small", right side. ...
Lactic Acid System - PhysicalEducationatMSC
... When insufficient oxygen is available to breakdown the pyruvate then lactate is produced Lactate enters the surrounding muscle cells, tissue and blood The muscle cells and tissues receiving the lactate either breakdown the lactate to fuel (ATP) for immediate use or use it in the creation of glycogen ...
... When insufficient oxygen is available to breakdown the pyruvate then lactate is produced Lactate enters the surrounding muscle cells, tissue and blood The muscle cells and tissues receiving the lactate either breakdown the lactate to fuel (ATP) for immediate use or use it in the creation of glycogen ...
The electric field induced by light can explain cellular responses to
... and electronic photochemistry [2]. Molecules that transform their electronic energy levels after light absorption are said to be chromophores [1]. For visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, chromophores are typically metals or molecules that contain metallic atoms in their structure [3]. Biolo ...
... and electronic photochemistry [2]. Molecules that transform their electronic energy levels after light absorption are said to be chromophores [1]. For visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, chromophores are typically metals or molecules that contain metallic atoms in their structure [3]. Biolo ...
Potential Role of Sulfur-Containing Antioxidant Systems in Highly
... Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic process by which respiratory enzymes in the mitochondria synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) during the oxidation of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Oxidation is a crucial part of both aerobic life and metabolism [ ...
... Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic process by which respiratory enzymes in the mitochondria synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) during the oxidation of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Oxidation is a crucial part of both aerobic life and metabolism [ ...
0-bacterial-physiology&growth
... •It is glucose catabolism under aerobic condition. •This results in the production of energy in the form of 38 ATP molecules. Aerobic respiration involves : 1- Glycolysis The end product of glycolysis are: - 2 molecules of pyruvic acid - 2 ATP molecules. 2-The Krebs cycle • The substrate are the 2 m ...
... •It is glucose catabolism under aerobic condition. •This results in the production of energy in the form of 38 ATP molecules. Aerobic respiration involves : 1- Glycolysis The end product of glycolysis are: - 2 molecules of pyruvic acid - 2 ATP molecules. 2-The Krebs cycle • The substrate are the 2 m ...
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
... fluoroacetyl CoA, which condenses with OAA to form fluorocitrate, a potent inhibitor of aconitase, resulting in citrate accumulation D. Oxidation and decarboxylation of isocitrate - Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, yielding the 1st of three ...
... fluoroacetyl CoA, which condenses with OAA to form fluorocitrate, a potent inhibitor of aconitase, resulting in citrate accumulation D. Oxidation and decarboxylation of isocitrate - Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes the irreversible oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, yielding the 1st of three ...
Carbohydrates
... • The former carbonyl oxygen becomes a hydroxyl group; the position of this group determines if the anomer is or • If the hydroxyl group is on the opposite side (trans) of the ring as the CH2OH moiety the configuration is • In the hydroxyl group is on the same side (cis) of the ring as the CH2 ...
... • The former carbonyl oxygen becomes a hydroxyl group; the position of this group determines if the anomer is or • If the hydroxyl group is on the opposite side (trans) of the ring as the CH2OH moiety the configuration is • In the hydroxyl group is on the same side (cis) of the ring as the CH2 ...
Ch. 6 Cell Respiration.notebook
... Redox reactions then, are the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another... When there is oxidation, there is also reduction. The substance which loses electrons is oxidised. The substance which gains electrons is reduced. ...
... Redox reactions then, are the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another... When there is oxidation, there is also reduction. The substance which loses electrons is oxidised. The substance which gains electrons is reduced. ...
1001_3rd Exam_1001214
... C) Within a given sublevel, each orbital is usually occupied by a single electron before any orbital has two electrons. D) When a metallic element unites with a nonmetallic element, electrons are lost by atoms of the metal and gained by atoms of the nonmetals. E) Ba2+ is smaller than Ba+ . Answer: B ...
... C) Within a given sublevel, each orbital is usually occupied by a single electron before any orbital has two electrons. D) When a metallic element unites with a nonmetallic element, electrons are lost by atoms of the metal and gained by atoms of the nonmetals. E) Ba2+ is smaller than Ba+ . Answer: B ...
copyrighted material
... Ionic bonds form between two atoms when one or more electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other. The atom that gains electrons has an overall negative charge, and the atom that donates electrons has an overall positive charge. Because of their positive or negative charge, these a ...
... Ionic bonds form between two atoms when one or more electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other. The atom that gains electrons has an overall negative charge, and the atom that donates electrons has an overall positive charge. Because of their positive or negative charge, these a ...
Units of Competency
... Causes muscle fatigue Lactic acid is removed from the blood and muscles during recovery, with the removal being faster when active recovery is performed Lactic acid enters the blood stream and goes to the liver where it is converted back into glycogen ...
... Causes muscle fatigue Lactic acid is removed from the blood and muscles during recovery, with the removal being faster when active recovery is performed Lactic acid enters the blood stream and goes to the liver where it is converted back into glycogen ...
Clues from cell metabolism
... the principal molecule that drives all energydependent cellular processes, is mainly generated by two metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (Fig. 1). In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate, generating two net ATP molecules. When oxygen levels are low, anaerobic glycol ...
... the principal molecule that drives all energydependent cellular processes, is mainly generated by two metabolic pathways: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (Fig. 1). In glycolysis, glucose is converted to pyruvate, generating two net ATP molecules. When oxygen levels are low, anaerobic glycol ...
Stoichiometry
... from the reaction of 0.10 mole of Mg3N2? • How many moles of NH3 would be produced from the reaction of 500. g of Mg3N2? • How many molecules of water would be required to react with 3.64 g of Mg3N2? • What is the maximum number of grams of Mg(OH)2 that can be produced by the reaction of 10.0 g of M ...
... from the reaction of 0.10 mole of Mg3N2? • How many moles of NH3 would be produced from the reaction of 500. g of Mg3N2? • How many molecules of water would be required to react with 3.64 g of Mg3N2? • What is the maximum number of grams of Mg(OH)2 that can be produced by the reaction of 10.0 g of M ...
Organic Chemistry Powerpoint for Bio. I
... Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction so that it can happen at body temperature. This makes enzymes catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions ...
... Enzymes lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction so that it can happen at body temperature. This makes enzymes catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions ...
ENZYMES PPT
... The enzyme’s active site changes shape so that a second substrate molecule can bind The second substrate binds Chemical process (rx) occurs ...
... The enzyme’s active site changes shape so that a second substrate molecule can bind The second substrate binds Chemical process (rx) occurs ...
Chapter 25
... • Glucose movement from blood into most other body cells occurs via facilitated diffusion transporters (Gly-T molecules). – Insulin increases the insertion of Gly-T molecules into the plasma membranes, thus increasing the rate of facilitated diffusion of glucose. • Glucose is trapped in the cell whe ...
... • Glucose movement from blood into most other body cells occurs via facilitated diffusion transporters (Gly-T molecules). – Insulin increases the insertion of Gly-T molecules into the plasma membranes, thus increasing the rate of facilitated diffusion of glucose. • Glucose is trapped in the cell whe ...
The early evolution of biological energy conservation
... this author) that harness energy with the help of chemiosmosis but without the help of quinones or quinone analogs. By virtue of simplicity – no quinones, no cytochromes, no soluble electron carriers in the membrane to pump ions, just single ion pumping protein complexes –, that appears to be an anc ...
... this author) that harness energy with the help of chemiosmosis but without the help of quinones or quinone analogs. By virtue of simplicity – no quinones, no cytochromes, no soluble electron carriers in the membrane to pump ions, just single ion pumping protein complexes –, that appears to be an anc ...
03-232 Exam III 2013 Name:__________________________
... Choice A: What is the role of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in the electron transport process? What is the path of electrons from complex II to the final electron acceptor? Choice B: How does ATP synthase generate ATP from ADP and Pi? Choice A: Complex II is part of the electron transport cha ...
... Choice A: What is the role of complex II (succinate dehydrogenase) in the electron transport process? What is the path of electrons from complex II to the final electron acceptor? Choice B: How does ATP synthase generate ATP from ADP and Pi? Choice A: Complex II is part of the electron transport cha ...
The early evolution of biological energy conservation
... this author) that harness energy with the help of chemiosmosis but without the help of quinones or quinone analogs. By virtue of simplicity – no quinones, no cytochromes, no soluble electron carriers in the membrane to pump ions, just single ion pumping protein complexes –, that appears to be an anc ...
... this author) that harness energy with the help of chemiosmosis but without the help of quinones or quinone analogs. By virtue of simplicity – no quinones, no cytochromes, no soluble electron carriers in the membrane to pump ions, just single ion pumping protein complexes –, that appears to be an anc ...
Bioenergetics and ioenergetics and Metabolism etabolism
... total energy liberated including heat. As the magnitude of heat energy is small and also that it cannot drive biological reactions, the biochemists are more interested in free energy changes and often use the term exergonic. The corresponding energy-consuming term endergonic refers to the processes ...
... total energy liberated including heat. As the magnitude of heat energy is small and also that it cannot drive biological reactions, the biochemists are more interested in free energy changes and often use the term exergonic. The corresponding energy-consuming term endergonic refers to the processes ...
Fill in blank notes - Cathkin High School
... of human cell. For this reason they are said to be _________________. This is because most of their genes are still __________ ____ (or expressed). Adult stem cells Adult (or tissue) stem cells are involved in the growth and repair and renewal of the cells found in that tissue. Unlike embryonic stem ...
... of human cell. For this reason they are said to be _________________. This is because most of their genes are still __________ ____ (or expressed). Adult stem cells Adult (or tissue) stem cells are involved in the growth and repair and renewal of the cells found in that tissue. Unlike embryonic stem ...
Oxidative phosphorylation
Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis.During oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are transferred from electron donors to electron acceptors such as oxygen, in redox reactions. These redox reactions release energy, which is used to form ATP. In eukaryotes, these redox reactions are carried out by a series of protein complexes within the inner membrane of the cell's mitochondria, whereas, in prokaryotes, these proteins are located in the cells' intermembrane space. These linked sets of proteins are called electron transport chains. In eukaryotes, five main protein complexes are involved, whereas in prokaryotes many different enzymes are present, using a variety of electron donors and acceptors.The energy released by electrons flowing through this electron transport chain is used to transport protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, in a process called electron transport. This generates potential energy in the form of a pH gradient and an electrical potential across this membrane. This store of energy is tapped by allowing protons to flow back across the membrane and down this gradient, through a large enzyme called ATP synthase; this process is known as chemiosmosis. This enzyme uses this energy to generate ATP from adenosine diphosphate (ADP), in a phosphorylation reaction. This reaction is driven by the proton flow, which forces the rotation of a part of the enzyme; the ATP synthase is a rotary mechanical motor.Although oxidative phosphorylation is a vital part of metabolism, it produces reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, which lead to propagation of free radicals, damaging cells and contributing to disease and, possibly, aging (senescence). The enzymes carrying out this metabolic pathway are also the target of many drugs and poisons that inhibit their activities.