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... of specific cell types in the liver, testis, and brain. It is an electrogenic transporter with a Na+ :citrate3− stoichiometry of 4:1. In humans, the Michaelis constant for SLC13A5 to transport citrate is ~600 µM, which is physiologically relevant given that the normal concentration of citrate in pla ...
... of specific cell types in the liver, testis, and brain. It is an electrogenic transporter with a Na+ :citrate3− stoichiometry of 4:1. In humans, the Michaelis constant for SLC13A5 to transport citrate is ~600 µM, which is physiologically relevant given that the normal concentration of citrate in pla ...
Cyclic-‐di-‐AMP: another second messenger enters the fray
... Actinobacteria. In addition, the DAC domain is also found in Gram-‐negative bacteria, including the genera Bacteroidetes, Deltaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria Chlamydiae and Fusobacteria (Table S1). Interestingly, m ...
... Actinobacteria. In addition, the DAC domain is also found in Gram-‐negative bacteria, including the genera Bacteroidetes, Deltaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria Chlamydiae and Fusobacteria (Table S1). Interestingly, m ...
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... and doing serious damage unless the reactions are stopped by free radical “quenchers” (antioxidants). Free radicals have been implicated in the development of many conditions of ill health and premature aging. Most animals have efficient antioxidant enzyme systems which need various nutrients to fun ...
... and doing serious damage unless the reactions are stopped by free radical “quenchers” (antioxidants). Free radicals have been implicated in the development of many conditions of ill health and premature aging. Most animals have efficient antioxidant enzyme systems which need various nutrients to fun ...
University of Groningen Lactococcus lactis systems biology Eckhardt
... transcriptome 36, proteome and metabolome techniques and more recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) 37, the exciting possibility of describing a cell in its entirety is now a real option. Combining data from different–omics techniques is extremely powerful, since a more complete overview of cel ...
... transcriptome 36, proteome and metabolome techniques and more recently, next generation sequencing (NGS) 37, the exciting possibility of describing a cell in its entirety is now a real option. Combining data from different–omics techniques is extremely powerful, since a more complete overview of cel ...
BIOGENESIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL ATPase Studies on
... OSCP. In yeast the presence of an oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) has been established [11]. As in beef heart, this protein is necessary for the binding of F 1 to mitochondrial membrane and thus is one of the components which are essential for cold-stable and oligomycin-sensitive AT ...
... OSCP. In yeast the presence of an oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) has been established [11]. As in beef heart, this protein is necessary for the binding of F 1 to mitochondrial membrane and thus is one of the components which are essential for cold-stable and oligomycin-sensitive AT ...
Wax ester fermentation and fatty acid biosynthesis in the facultatively
... nutrients such as glucose, undergo a series of transfers along the respiratory enzyme complexes. The electrons release energy by each transfer among the transport chain towards oxygen which serves as terminal electron acceptor. The energy released by the transfer among the transport chain, localized ...
... nutrients such as glucose, undergo a series of transfers along the respiratory enzyme complexes. The electrons release energy by each transfer among the transport chain towards oxygen which serves as terminal electron acceptor. The energy released by the transfer among the transport chain, localized ...
Long-Term Treatment with Insulin and Retinoic Acid
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
... significantly. Vitamin A (VA) plays a role in a number of physiological functions including glucose metabolism. However, its role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism has not been well established. Insulin controls glucose metabolism in the skeletal muscle via the regulations of glucose uptake, gly ...
Åpne - Munin
... accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s ...
... accumulate in the environment and evidence suggests that most people have varying degrees of toxic compounds within their body. This can result in disruption of many physiological processes in the human body and the development of several central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer’s ...
IMPLICATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN GLUCOSE-INDUCED INSULIN SECRETION IN THE PANCREATIC -CELL
... Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the result of either the failure of insulin production, or a combined defect in insulin production and action. This leads to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Concurrent with the spread of the western lifestyle, which ...
... Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the result of either the failure of insulin production, or a combined defect in insulin production and action. This leads to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Concurrent with the spread of the western lifestyle, which ...
Sequence and Structure Classification of Kinases
... Kinases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer reaction from a phosphate donor (usually ATP) to a receptor substrate. Although all kinases catalyze essentially the same phosphoryl transfer reaction, they display remarkable diversity in their substrate specificity, st ...
... Kinases are a ubiquitous group of enzymes that catalyze the phosphoryl transfer reaction from a phosphate donor (usually ATP) to a receptor substrate. Although all kinases catalyze essentially the same phosphoryl transfer reaction, they display remarkable diversity in their substrate specificity, st ...
Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation
... Ammonia plays a central role in nitrogen metabolism. It is a major byproduct of protein and nucleic acid catabolism, and its nitrogen can be incorporated into urea, amino acids, nucleic acids and many other nitrogenous compounds. Ammonia is present in body fluids as both NH3 and NH +4 , and these ar ...
... Ammonia plays a central role in nitrogen metabolism. It is a major byproduct of protein and nucleic acid catabolism, and its nitrogen can be incorporated into urea, amino acids, nucleic acids and many other nitrogenous compounds. Ammonia is present in body fluids as both NH3 and NH +4 , and these ar ...
A chemogenomic analysis of the transmembrane binding cavity of
... the chemical nature of their ligands, their specificity for known agonists/antagonists and the pharmacology associated with their activation/inhibition. The knowledge of the amino acid sequence of cloned GPCRs widened the classification to more receptors and resulted in a standard classification into t ...
... the chemical nature of their ligands, their specificity for known agonists/antagonists and the pharmacology associated with their activation/inhibition. The knowledge of the amino acid sequence of cloned GPCRs widened the classification to more receptors and resulted in a standard classification into t ...
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Problem Unit Two
... inhibitor (i.e., a bacterial toxin, a chemical, etc.), the overproduction of an enzyme, or the introduction of a foreign enzyme (i.e., viral infection). Enzymes are popular therapeutic targets. Pharmaceuticals are frequently enzyme inhibitors. Enzyme assays are important in diagnosis. A diminution o ...
... inhibitor (i.e., a bacterial toxin, a chemical, etc.), the overproduction of an enzyme, or the introduction of a foreign enzyme (i.e., viral infection). Enzymes are popular therapeutic targets. Pharmaceuticals are frequently enzyme inhibitors. Enzyme assays are important in diagnosis. A diminution o ...
Glyphosate pathways to modern diseases V: Amino
... as amino acids, where the side chain is attached to the amine nitrogen instead of the α-carbon, and oligomers of these building blocks are called α-peptoids.” Glyphosate, is in fact, an N-substituted glycine; i.e., a peptoid unit. If glyphosate is misincorporated into a peptide under construction, i ...
... as amino acids, where the side chain is attached to the amine nitrogen instead of the α-carbon, and oligomers of these building blocks are called α-peptoids.” Glyphosate, is in fact, an N-substituted glycine; i.e., a peptoid unit. If glyphosate is misincorporated into a peptide under construction, i ...
Plant Biochemistry
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
H. Heldt
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
... attention has been given to the generation and utilization of transgenic plants. Since there are many excellent textbooks on general biochemistry, I have deliberately omitted dealing with elements such as the structure and function of amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides; the function of nucl ...
Glucose metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi
... and excrete into the medium fermentative, namely still‑reduced, compounds from glucose catabolism, even under aerobic conditions, instead of oxidizing glucose completely to CO2 and water (see [7] for a review). This peculiar metabolism was called ‘aerobic fermentation of glucose’ by Theodor von Bran ...
... and excrete into the medium fermentative, namely still‑reduced, compounds from glucose catabolism, even under aerobic conditions, instead of oxidizing glucose completely to CO2 and water (see [7] for a review). This peculiar metabolism was called ‘aerobic fermentation of glucose’ by Theodor von Bran ...
FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATASE FROM GOAT LIVER: A POSSIBLE TARGET FOR
... A great number of mammalian enzymes require FMN or Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as coenzymes for their activities and both the flavin coenzymes are associated with many of the components of the electron transport chain of mitochondria which is associated with oxidative phosphorylation. Riboflav ...
... A great number of mammalian enzymes require FMN or Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as coenzymes for their activities and both the flavin coenzymes are associated with many of the components of the electron transport chain of mitochondria which is associated with oxidative phosphorylation. Riboflav ...
CHAPTER 2 Nitric oxide inhibits glycogen synthesis in - UvA-DARE
... glycogenolysiss (11). So far, no studies on the effect of NO on hepatic glycogen synthesiss have appeared. Usingg hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats, in which glycogen synthesis was stimulatedd by amino-acid-induced cell swelling (12,13), we have studied the mechanismm of action of NO on glycogen ...
... glycogenolysiss (11). So far, no studies on the effect of NO on hepatic glycogen synthesiss have appeared. Usingg hepatocytes isolated from fasted rats, in which glycogen synthesis was stimulatedd by amino-acid-induced cell swelling (12,13), we have studied the mechanismm of action of NO on glycogen ...
Acetyl CoA - WordPress.com
... this occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is the link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions, acetyl coenzyme A is formed in the mitochondria by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA ...
... this occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and is the link between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions, acetyl coenzyme A is formed in the mitochondria by the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA ...
Ischemic dysfunction in transgenic mice expressing - AJP
... for mutant TnI, in which the PKC phosphorylation sites (serines-43 and -45) were replaced with alanine (19), was placed under the control of the cardiac-specific ␣-myosin heavy chain promoter (26). To generate transgenic mice, the transgene was microinjected into FVB zygotes with the use of standard ...
... for mutant TnI, in which the PKC phosphorylation sites (serines-43 and -45) were replaced with alanine (19), was placed under the control of the cardiac-specific ␣-myosin heavy chain promoter (26). To generate transgenic mice, the transgene was microinjected into FVB zygotes with the use of standard ...
FATTY ACID CATABOLISM
... As hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzes triacylglycerol in adipocytes, the fatty acids thus released (free fatty acids, FFA) pass from the adipocyte into the blood, where they bind to the blood protein serum albumin. This protein (Mr 66,000), which makes up about half of the total serum protein, nonc ...
... As hormone-sensitive lipase hydrolyzes triacylglycerol in adipocytes, the fatty acids thus released (free fatty acids, FFA) pass from the adipocyte into the blood, where they bind to the blood protein serum albumin. This protein (Mr 66,000), which makes up about half of the total serum protein, nonc ...
Fatty Acids :biosynthesis
... products, but less energy, compared to O saturated fatty acid the same length. CH3 CH2 C SCoA • See table 12.1 for a list of common propionyl CoA fatty acids. ...
... products, but less energy, compared to O saturated fatty acid the same length. CH3 CH2 C SCoA • See table 12.1 for a list of common propionyl CoA fatty acids. ...
Production of long chain alcohols and alkanes upon coexpression of
... Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in E. coIi involves elongation of acyl–acyl carrier protein (ACP) precursors using activated acetylCoA units (malonyl-ACP) and subsequent reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions to form fatty acyl-ACPs (Fig. 1). E. coli has a native type-II FAS system, where the en ...
... Fatty acid synthesis (FAS) in E. coIi involves elongation of acyl–acyl carrier protein (ACP) precursors using activated acetylCoA units (malonyl-ACP) and subsequent reduction, dehydration, and reduction reactions to form fatty acyl-ACPs (Fig. 1). E. coli has a native type-II FAS system, where the en ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... inhibited by the presence of large amounts of ATP, causing citrate and isocitrate to accumulate. Therefore, cytosolic citrate may be viewed as a high-energy signal.] • Because a large amount of ATP is needed for fatty acid synthesis, the increase in both ATP and citrate enhances ...
... inhibited by the presence of large amounts of ATP, causing citrate and isocitrate to accumulate. Therefore, cytosolic citrate may be viewed as a high-energy signal.] • Because a large amount of ATP is needed for fatty acid synthesis, the increase in both ATP and citrate enhances ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.