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... fore secretion occurs. However, small from the pairs of basic residues located at amounts of proinsulin are secreted into either end through which it is joined to the the blood under normal conditions in man insulin chains in the intact polypeptide and other species, and additional physio- (see Fig. ...
... fore secretion occurs. However, small from the pairs of basic residues located at amounts of proinsulin are secreted into either end through which it is joined to the the blood under normal conditions in man insulin chains in the intact polypeptide and other species, and additional physio- (see Fig. ...
Enzyme Inhibition and Bioapplications
... inhibitor (d-hEMI) able to block elastase and MMP activities, with display of structural-functional models in the last sections. Authors speculate to develop hybrid nanoprobes build from MMPI and fluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). Design and chemical synthesis of derivatives of galardin®, s ...
... inhibitor (d-hEMI) able to block elastase and MMP activities, with display of structural-functional models in the last sections. Authors speculate to develop hybrid nanoprobes build from MMPI and fluorescent nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs). Design and chemical synthesis of derivatives of galardin®, s ...
Emerging role of Nrf2 - Discovery
... slices isolated from WT, Nrf2-KO, or Keap1-knockdown (Keap1KD) mice [38]. As expected, the rate of ROS production was faster in Nrf2-KO cells and tissues compared to their WT counterparts. However, we made the unexpected observation that, compared to WT, Keap1-KD cells also have higher rates of ROS ...
... slices isolated from WT, Nrf2-KO, or Keap1-knockdown (Keap1KD) mice [38]. As expected, the rate of ROS production was faster in Nrf2-KO cells and tissues compared to their WT counterparts. However, we made the unexpected observation that, compared to WT, Keap1-KD cells also have higher rates of ROS ...
Glycerol transport and phosphoenolpyruvate
... casseliflavus has been identified as the site of PEPdependent phosphorylation (Charrier et al., 1997). In glycerol kinase of Bacillus subtilis, the equivalent His230 is probably also phosphorylated. Mutants in which His-230 had been replaced with an arginine or in which the neighbouring Phe-232 had ...
... casseliflavus has been identified as the site of PEPdependent phosphorylation (Charrier et al., 1997). In glycerol kinase of Bacillus subtilis, the equivalent His230 is probably also phosphorylated. Mutants in which His-230 had been replaced with an arginine or in which the neighbouring Phe-232 had ...
Phosphorylation of the F1Fo ATP Synthase Я Subunit
... Methods and Results: The 4 amino acid residues with homology in yeast (T58, S213, T262, and T318) were studied with respect to growth, complex and supercomplex formation, and enzymatic activity (ATPase rate). The most striking mutant was the T262 site, for which the phosphomimetic (T262E) abolished ...
... Methods and Results: The 4 amino acid residues with homology in yeast (T58, S213, T262, and T318) were studied with respect to growth, complex and supercomplex formation, and enzymatic activity (ATPase rate). The most striking mutant was the T262 site, for which the phosphomimetic (T262E) abolished ...
Hormone sensitive lipase: structure, function and
... this enzyme is required for an efficient complete hydrolysis of TAG (Fredrikson et al. 1986). HSL, however, not only possesses activity against TAG, DAG, and monoacylglycerol (MAG) but also against the long chain esters of cholesterol. Remarkably, the activity of HSL against cholesterol is approxima ...
... this enzyme is required for an efficient complete hydrolysis of TAG (Fredrikson et al. 1986). HSL, however, not only possesses activity against TAG, DAG, and monoacylglycerol (MAG) but also against the long chain esters of cholesterol. Remarkably, the activity of HSL against cholesterol is approxima ...
FAT/CD36 is located on the outer mitochondrial membrane
... CD36 (glycoprotein IV) and has been shown to function as a plasma membrane LCFA (long-chain fatty acid) transporter in various tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue and the small intestine [1–7]. Additionally, in heart and skeletal muscle, intracellular pools of FAT/CD36 e ...
... CD36 (glycoprotein IV) and has been shown to function as a plasma membrane LCFA (long-chain fatty acid) transporter in various tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, liver, adipose tissue and the small intestine [1–7]. Additionally, in heart and skeletal muscle, intracellular pools of FAT/CD36 e ...
Bile acids activate ryanodine receptors in pancreatic acinar cells via
... opening RyRs too, this possibility remains to be tested, because alternatively, RyR might be activated indirectly via Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism by the Ca2+ , released from acidic vesicles through NAADP receptor Ca2+ channels [6,12]. Nevertheless, this question has not been addressed ...
... opening RyRs too, this possibility remains to be tested, because alternatively, RyR might be activated indirectly via Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release (CICR) mechanism by the Ca2+ , released from acidic vesicles through NAADP receptor Ca2+ channels [6,12]. Nevertheless, this question has not been addressed ...
Full Text
... cleavage of a glycosidic bond can occur when the sugar is substituted with an acidic group next to the carbon forming the glycosidic bond and results in the formation of a reducing end on one fragment and an unsaturated ring on the nonreducing end of the second fragment. The chemical steps of this m ...
... cleavage of a glycosidic bond can occur when the sugar is substituted with an acidic group next to the carbon forming the glycosidic bond and results in the formation of a reducing end on one fragment and an unsaturated ring on the nonreducing end of the second fragment. The chemical steps of this m ...
and Rhizobiales-Like PPP-Family Protein Phosphatases from
... Reversible protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases represents the most prolific and currently best-characterized post-translational modification. Over the last decade advancements in genome sequencing technologies has massively increased genomic databases, resulting in ...
... Reversible protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases and phosphatases represents the most prolific and currently best-characterized post-translational modification. Over the last decade advancements in genome sequencing technologies has massively increased genomic databases, resulting in ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Biotin Conclusion and Discussion
... – most takes place in proximal SI by active transport. ...
... – most takes place in proximal SI by active transport. ...
Fine Tuning of Sympathetic Transmitter Release via Ionotropic and
... released neurotransmitters. In the latter case, transmitters activating the presynaptic receptors of a given nerve terminal may be released from either the very same nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas i ...
... released neurotransmitters. In the latter case, transmitters activating the presynaptic receptors of a given nerve terminal may be released from either the very same nerve ending or from a different axon terminal. In the first situation, the receptor involved is a presynaptic autoreceptor, whereas i ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... aldolase, forming pyruvate and GA (glyceraldehyde). GA is further oxidized to form glycerate, either by an NAD(P)+ -dependent glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase [6] or by a ferredoxin-dependent GA oxidoreductase [8,17–19]; glycerate is phosphorylated to 2-phosphoglycerate by glycerate kinase [6]. 2-Phosph ...
... aldolase, forming pyruvate and GA (glyceraldehyde). GA is further oxidized to form glycerate, either by an NAD(P)+ -dependent glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase [6] or by a ferredoxin-dependent GA oxidoreductase [8,17–19]; glycerate is phosphorylated to 2-phosphoglycerate by glycerate kinase [6]. 2-Phosph ...
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... to an optical density at 660 nm of 0.4. The suspension was divided into two parts which were preincubated for 10 min at 30 and 42 C, respectively. 14C- Lalanine (1 ICi/ml, final concentration) was then added (t = 0), and incubation was continued at 30 C (-) and 42 C (A). Samples (0.2 ml) were added ...
... to an optical density at 660 nm of 0.4. The suspension was divided into two parts which were preincubated for 10 min at 30 and 42 C, respectively. 14C- Lalanine (1 ICi/ml, final concentration) was then added (t = 0), and incubation was continued at 30 C (-) and 42 C (A). Samples (0.2 ml) were added ...
The shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites: Implications for
... gondii DAHPS is significantly larger than the previously reported type II enzymes. This is caused by numerous insertions into the protein sequence (21). To the best of our knowledge no biochemical information of an apicomplexan DAHPS is presently available except that DAHPS activity was observed in ...
... gondii DAHPS is significantly larger than the previously reported type II enzymes. This is caused by numerous insertions into the protein sequence (21). To the best of our knowledge no biochemical information of an apicomplexan DAHPS is presently available except that DAHPS activity was observed in ...
ASIMETRIK DIMETHYLARGININE Loo Hariyanto Raharjo
... inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis may explain why homocysteine has been associated with impaired endo-thelium mediated, nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation. An elevated concentration of ADMA is a potential contributory factor for pre-eclampsia, and is associated with endothelial dysfunction in ...
... inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis may explain why homocysteine has been associated with impaired endo-thelium mediated, nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation. An elevated concentration of ADMA is a potential contributory factor for pre-eclampsia, and is associated with endothelial dysfunction in ...
Biochemical, biophysical and interaction studies of the stress
... advice on PhD related issues and CD experiments. Also I would like to thank Dr Marija Kristic Demonacos for her help when carrying out the molecular cloning aspect of this project and letting me work on her bench space, also providing me with an hSTRAP construct (pHA1-hSTRAP(1-440)) which was used i ...
... advice on PhD related issues and CD experiments. Also I would like to thank Dr Marija Kristic Demonacos for her help when carrying out the molecular cloning aspect of this project and letting me work on her bench space, also providing me with an hSTRAP construct (pHA1-hSTRAP(1-440)) which was used i ...
Biochemical characterization of the initial steps of the Kennedy
... decarboxylated by a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase to form GPEtn. In most eukaryotic cells, GPCho can also be generated from GPEtn by three methylation steps. However, according to the tritryp genomes (http://www.genedb.org), these methyltransferase genes are not present in either T. brucei or Try ...
... decarboxylated by a phosphatidylserine decarboxylase to form GPEtn. In most eukaryotic cells, GPCho can also be generated from GPEtn by three methylation steps. However, according to the tritryp genomes (http://www.genedb.org), these methyltransferase genes are not present in either T. brucei or Try ...
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide homeostasis and
... NAD+-dependent Ca2+ signaling A major enzyme involved in NAD hydrolysis is the CD38 ectoenzyme that generates NAM, ADPR and cyclic ADPR (cADPR), the two latters acting as a second messengers in calcium signaling [17]. CD38 can also generate the NAADP derivative of NADP involved in lysosomal Ca2+ mob ...
... NAD+-dependent Ca2+ signaling A major enzyme involved in NAD hydrolysis is the CD38 ectoenzyme that generates NAM, ADPR and cyclic ADPR (cADPR), the two latters acting as a second messengers in calcium signaling [17]. CD38 can also generate the NAADP derivative of NADP involved in lysosomal Ca2+ mob ...
Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target
... inherited or acquired, cause impaired respiratory chain functioning. This, in turn, leads to decreased production of ATP, formation of free radicals, and alterations in cellular calcium handling. These events may initiate peroxidation of mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids, and opening of the mi ...
... inherited or acquired, cause impaired respiratory chain functioning. This, in turn, leads to decreased production of ATP, formation of free radicals, and alterations in cellular calcium handling. These events may initiate peroxidation of mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids, and opening of the mi ...
Algal and cyanobacterial responses to fluoride
... Fluoride toxicity appears to be a pH-related phenomenon. The synergistic effect of fluoride and low pH in reducing algal growth has been reported earlier by Nichol et al17 for Synechococcus leopoliensis and Oscillatoria limnetica and on higher plants by Horner and Bell. 18 The observed dependence of ...
... Fluoride toxicity appears to be a pH-related phenomenon. The synergistic effect of fluoride and low pH in reducing algal growth has been reported earlier by Nichol et al17 for Synechococcus leopoliensis and Oscillatoria limnetica and on higher plants by Horner and Bell. 18 The observed dependence of ...
9. Wakil, S. J., Green, DE, Mii, S., and Mahler, HR (1954) Studies on
... reactions, has been accepted and applied to all major pathways involving the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many of Dr. Wakil’s contributions have been landmarks in the field. He demonstrated carbon dioxide’s stimulatory effect on fatty acid synthesis and that long ...
... reactions, has been accepted and applied to all major pathways involving the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Many of Dr. Wakil’s contributions have been landmarks in the field. He demonstrated carbon dioxide’s stimulatory effect on fatty acid synthesis and that long ...
HMG CoA reductase
... Decrease intake of carbohydrate, saturated fatty acids & cholesterol Increase intake of mono- & polyunsaturated fatty acids Increase intake of fibers-rich diet ...
... Decrease intake of carbohydrate, saturated fatty acids & cholesterol Increase intake of mono- & polyunsaturated fatty acids Increase intake of fibers-rich diet ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.