PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
... itochondria are motile organelles that not only produce energy in the form of ATP, but also participate in a number of intracellular processes such as the generation, modulation, and propagation of cytosolic Ca2þ signals and the control of life and death through apoptosis. In addition, they are a co ...
... itochondria are motile organelles that not only produce energy in the form of ATP, but also participate in a number of intracellular processes such as the generation, modulation, and propagation of cytosolic Ca2þ signals and the control of life and death through apoptosis. In addition, they are a co ...
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of
... intermediates needed to form nucleotides and ultimately nucleic acids required for proliferation of cells. Many heterocycles have showed interesting cytotoxic activity and different mode of action in cancer therapy. Methotrexate is also known to act partly through inhibition of thymidylate synthase ...
... intermediates needed to form nucleotides and ultimately nucleic acids required for proliferation of cells. Many heterocycles have showed interesting cytotoxic activity and different mode of action in cancer therapy. Methotrexate is also known to act partly through inhibition of thymidylate synthase ...
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Metabolism by
... compounds (Xu et al., 1999; Gervois et al., 2007). Endogenous substances that can activate PPAR include eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, but the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid has also been shown to be a ligand for PPAR␦ (Yu et al., 1995; Schug et al., 2007). Other endogenous subst ...
... compounds (Xu et al., 1999; Gervois et al., 2007). Endogenous substances that can activate PPAR include eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, but the vitamin A metabolite retinoic acid has also been shown to be a ligand for PPAR␦ (Yu et al., 1995; Schug et al., 2007). Other endogenous subst ...
Purification and Characterization of Two Thermostable Proteases
... [40] purified a thiol protease from T. lanuginosus. Its molecular mass is 23.7 kDa. Hasnain et al. [17] purified a protease from T. lanuginosus. The proteinase is a thiolcontaining serine proteinase with a molecular mass of 38 kDa. Partial characteristics of proteases from these fungi are listed in ...
... [40] purified a thiol protease from T. lanuginosus. Its molecular mass is 23.7 kDa. Hasnain et al. [17] purified a protease from T. lanuginosus. The proteinase is a thiolcontaining serine proteinase with a molecular mass of 38 kDa. Partial characteristics of proteases from these fungi are listed in ...
Chapter 4 General metabolism
... hexose. For instance, glucokinase has a high specificity for glucose and very low, or non-existent, specificity for other monosaccharides. S. cerevisiae is known to possess two hexokinases and a glucokinase, encoded by HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1, respectively [Lobo and Maitra, 1977]. Hexokinases were also ...
... hexose. For instance, glucokinase has a high specificity for glucose and very low, or non-existent, specificity for other monosaccharides. S. cerevisiae is known to possess two hexokinases and a glucokinase, encoded by HXK1, HXK2 and GLK1, respectively [Lobo and Maitra, 1977]. Hexokinases were also ...
Glycolysis
... 1) Feed-forward regulation, fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (the product of PFK-1) activates the pyruvate kinase ...
... 1) Feed-forward regulation, fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (the product of PFK-1) activates the pyruvate kinase ...
Enzymes responsible for chlorate reduction by Pseudomonas sp
... The characteristics of the chlorate reductase obtained from strain PDA were substantially different from those from strain KJ. Chlorate reductase activity of strain PDA was found to be associated with the precipitate from the 55–67% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction. When the protein fraction from ...
... The characteristics of the chlorate reductase obtained from strain PDA were substantially different from those from strain KJ. Chlorate reductase activity of strain PDA was found to be associated with the precipitate from the 55–67% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction. When the protein fraction from ...
Oxidation and Synthesis of Fatty Acids in Soluble Enzyme Systems
... There is a very simple explanation for the fact that acetoacetate accumulates only in liver. Liver is by no means the only tissue which contains an enzyme capable of deacylating acetoacetyl CoA. However, liver is the only known tissue which lacks an enzyme capable of converting acetoacetate to aceto ...
... There is a very simple explanation for the fact that acetoacetate accumulates only in liver. Liver is by no means the only tissue which contains an enzyme capable of deacylating acetoacetyl CoA. However, liver is the only known tissue which lacks an enzyme capable of converting acetoacetate to aceto ...
Effects of Xylitol on S. mutans
... the low-pH bacteria producing acidic end-products and thus beneficial for the patients ...
... the low-pH bacteria producing acidic end-products and thus beneficial for the patients ...
NON-RADIOACTIVE ASSAY FOR ACETYL-CoA
... is shown in Figure 2. C. glutamicum cells were grown in a rich culture medium, supplemented with 3 mg ml-1 biotin, and harvested during logarithmic growth. The cells were washed and concentrated before The permeabilization with CTAB. The permeabilized cells were added to a reaction mixture containin ...
... is shown in Figure 2. C. glutamicum cells were grown in a rich culture medium, supplemented with 3 mg ml-1 biotin, and harvested during logarithmic growth. The cells were washed and concentrated before The permeabilization with CTAB. The permeabilized cells were added to a reaction mixture containin ...
CHM 303 - Unaab.edu.ng
... Some fatty acids are not synthesized by mammals and yet are necessary for normal growth and life. These essential fatty acids include linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. These must be obtained by mammals in their diet (specifically from plant sources). Arachidonic acid, which is not found in plants, ca ...
... Some fatty acids are not synthesized by mammals and yet are necessary for normal growth and life. These essential fatty acids include linoleic and γ-linolenic acids. These must be obtained by mammals in their diet (specifically from plant sources). Arachidonic acid, which is not found in plants, ca ...
Development of prokaryotic cell-free systems for synthetic
... cluster has also been inserted into strains made into cell-free lysates (Michel-Reydellet, Woodrow, & Swartz, 2005), creating the NMR5 strain. The insertion of lambda-phase cluster represented one of the first strain-engineering attempts at stabilizing linear DNA. Although the cluster was identified ...
... cluster has also been inserted into strains made into cell-free lysates (Michel-Reydellet, Woodrow, & Swartz, 2005), creating the NMR5 strain. The insertion of lambda-phase cluster represented one of the first strain-engineering attempts at stabilizing linear DNA. Although the cluster was identified ...
Effect of micellar p-sitosterol on cholesterol
... cholesterol trafficking or cholesteryl ester secretion. Including psitosterol in the micelle together with cholesterol attenuated the influx of plasma membrane cholesterol and prevented the secretion of cholesteryl esters derived from the plasma membrane. Stigmasterol and campesterol had effects sim ...
... cholesterol trafficking or cholesteryl ester secretion. Including psitosterol in the micelle together with cholesterol attenuated the influx of plasma membrane cholesterol and prevented the secretion of cholesteryl esters derived from the plasma membrane. Stigmasterol and campesterol had effects sim ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... organic acids has sometimes been implicated and possible catabolite repression effects have already been examined. However, repression of the ortho pathway by such compounds has not been unambiguously demonstrated and the molecular mechanisms remain obscure (Ornston, 1966; Duetz e t al., 1994; Holte ...
... organic acids has sometimes been implicated and possible catabolite repression effects have already been examined. However, repression of the ortho pathway by such compounds has not been unambiguously demonstrated and the molecular mechanisms remain obscure (Ornston, 1966; Duetz e t al., 1994; Holte ...
Emerging therapeutic roles for NAD+ metabolism in mitochondrial
... ratio is implicated in mitochondrial disorders, various age-related pathologies as well as during aging. Here, I will provide an overview of the current knowledge on NAD+ metabolism including its biosynthesis, utilization, compartmentalization and role in the regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. I ...
... ratio is implicated in mitochondrial disorders, various age-related pathologies as well as during aging. Here, I will provide an overview of the current knowledge on NAD+ metabolism including its biosynthesis, utilization, compartmentalization and role in the regulation of metabolic homoeostasis. I ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
... The inner core of mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase is an icosahedral structure consisting of 60 copies of E2. At the periphery of the complex are: • 30 copies of E1 (itself a tetramer with subunits a2b2). • 12 copies of E3 (a homodimer), plus 12 copies of an E3 binding protein that links E3 to E ...
... The inner core of mammalian Pyruvate Dehydrogenase is an icosahedral structure consisting of 60 copies of E2. At the periphery of the complex are: • 30 copies of E1 (itself a tetramer with subunits a2b2). • 12 copies of E3 (a homodimer), plus 12 copies of an E3 binding protein that links E3 to E ...
Potassium starvation responses in yeast highlight novel potassium-related functions
... We also have related potassium to the homeostasis of other essential nutrients such as phosphate. Depletion of potassium from the medium or disturbance of normal potassium uptake induces genes involved in the acquisition and release of phosphate, as it is usually observed in a situation of phosphate ...
... We also have related potassium to the homeostasis of other essential nutrients such as phosphate. Depletion of potassium from the medium or disturbance of normal potassium uptake induces genes involved in the acquisition and release of phosphate, as it is usually observed in a situation of phosphate ...
as a PDF
... of speculation. 2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase exhibits a strong Ca2+ dependence, which on the other hand is modified by the actual pH (38). In addition succinate dehydrogenase flux has been shown to be accelerated in acidotic kidney mitochondria (39). ...
... of speculation. 2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase exhibits a strong Ca2+ dependence, which on the other hand is modified by the actual pH (38). In addition succinate dehydrogenase flux has been shown to be accelerated in acidotic kidney mitochondria (39). ...
The role of the C8 proton of ATP in the catalysis of shikimate kinase
... that the key catalytic residues associated with increasing ATP C8-H lability are conserved (Figure 2). These residues formed the basis of the SDM programme to ascertain their role in catalysis. The effect of SDM of the amino acid residues implicated in the “push” mechanism within the active sites of ...
... that the key catalytic residues associated with increasing ATP C8-H lability are conserved (Figure 2). These residues formed the basis of the SDM programme to ascertain their role in catalysis. The effect of SDM of the amino acid residues implicated in the “push” mechanism within the active sites of ...
PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy
... viewed as a manifestation of a broader underlying metabolic disorder called the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, visceral obesity, and cardiovascular disease (3). The World Health Organization estimates that the current decade ...
... viewed as a manifestation of a broader underlying metabolic disorder called the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, visceral obesity, and cardiovascular disease (3). The World Health Organization estimates that the current decade ...
Terpene Biosynthesis
... obvious homologue for the enzyme in its genome.27 Incorporation of labelled IPP into terpenoids (primarily C20) in cell extracts occurred only upon priming with DMAPP. Isoprenoid synthesis in Synechococcus does not appear to involve interconversion of IPP and DMAPP, and it has been suggested that th ...
... obvious homologue for the enzyme in its genome.27 Incorporation of labelled IPP into terpenoids (primarily C20) in cell extracts occurred only upon priming with DMAPP. Isoprenoid synthesis in Synechococcus does not appear to involve interconversion of IPP and DMAPP, and it has been suggested that th ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... this temperature, probably because cofactors or substrates or both, which may protect the enzyme, were lacking. We were surprised to find that the specific activity of the L-alanine adding enzyme of E. coli strain K-235 was much higher than that of the corresponding enzyme in two E. coli K-12 strain ...
... this temperature, probably because cofactors or substrates or both, which may protect the enzyme, were lacking. We were surprised to find that the specific activity of the L-alanine adding enzyme of E. coli strain K-235 was much higher than that of the corresponding enzyme in two E. coli K-12 strain ...
Two nearly identical terpene synthases catalyze the
... with only 23 amino acid substitutions distributed across the homologous regions of the proteins. Although these two terpene synthases have very similar catalytic properties, and synthesize linalool and nerolidol as specific products from GPP and FPP, respectively, they are compartmentally segregated ...
... with only 23 amino acid substitutions distributed across the homologous regions of the proteins. Although these two terpene synthases have very similar catalytic properties, and synthesize linalool and nerolidol as specific products from GPP and FPP, respectively, they are compartmentally segregated ...
1. Fatty acids may be synthesized from dietary glucose via pyruvate
... 2. Fatty acids are the preferred fuel source for the heart and the primary form in which excess fuel is stored in adipose tissue. 3. The major site of fatty acid synthesis is the liver. 4. The enzymes that synthesize fatty acids are localized in the cytosol, and they are completely different from th ...
... 2. Fatty acids are the preferred fuel source for the heart and the primary form in which excess fuel is stored in adipose tissue. 3. The major site of fatty acid synthesis is the liver. 4. The enzymes that synthesize fatty acids are localized in the cytosol, and they are completely different from th ...
Lipid signaling
Lipid signaling, broadly defined, refers to any biological signaling event involving a lipid messenger that binds a protein target, such as a receptor, kinase or phosphatase, which in turn mediate the effects of these lipids on specific cellular responses. Lipid signaling is thought to be qualitatively different from other classical signaling paradigms (such as monoamine neurotransmission) because lipids can freely diffuse through membranes (see osmosis.) One consequence of this is that lipid messengers cannot be stored in vesicles prior to release and so are often biosynthesized ""on demand"" at their intended site of action. As such, many lipid signaling molecules cannot circulate freely in solution but, rather, exist bound to special carrier proteins in serum.