Citric Acid Cycle
... final common pathway for oxidation of fuel molecules provides intermediates for biosynthesis ...
... final common pathway for oxidation of fuel molecules provides intermediates for biosynthesis ...
Intermediary Metabolism Intermediary Metabolism
... acetyl CoA carboxylase (transcription) fatty acid synthase ...
... acetyl CoA carboxylase (transcription) fatty acid synthase ...
ID_4450_General principles of metaboli_English_sem_5
... Emulsification of lipids; decompose the cholesteryl esters Activation of phospholipase A2; activation of cholesterol esterase Inhibition of lipase; inhibition of phospholipase A2 All of the above Emulsification of lipids; activation of lipase Why snake venom causes the lysis of erythrocytes? Contain ...
... Emulsification of lipids; decompose the cholesteryl esters Activation of phospholipase A2; activation of cholesterol esterase Inhibition of lipase; inhibition of phospholipase A2 All of the above Emulsification of lipids; activation of lipase Why snake venom causes the lysis of erythrocytes? Contain ...
39 TRANSAMINASE ENZYME ACTIVITIES The α
... The α-amino group of an amino acid is transferred to an α-ketoacid by transaminase enzymes. The prostetic group of transaminase enzymes is pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, a derivative of B6 vitamin. The most important transaminase enzymes in diagnostics are the aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotr ...
... The α-amino group of an amino acid is transferred to an α-ketoacid by transaminase enzymes. The prostetic group of transaminase enzymes is pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, a derivative of B6 vitamin. The most important transaminase enzymes in diagnostics are the aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotr ...
Impaired Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Activity in Mouse Livers Lacking
... of whole body gluconeogenesis is extrahepatic (6). In marked contrast to the minimal impact that the absence of hepatic PEPCK has on systemic glucose kinetics, these mice develop dramatic hepatic steatosis after fasting (6) even though enzymes of the TCA cycle and -oxidation are up-regulated (5) in ...
... of whole body gluconeogenesis is extrahepatic (6). In marked contrast to the minimal impact that the absence of hepatic PEPCK has on systemic glucose kinetics, these mice develop dramatic hepatic steatosis after fasting (6) even though enzymes of the TCA cycle and -oxidation are up-regulated (5) in ...
Glycolysis
... provides the electrons and enough reduction potential to do the job. In fact, consuming NADH is the main goal of this reaction. Cellular levels of NAD+/NADH are limited, and oxidation of NADH back to NAD+, provides an ongoing supply of this reactant for continued oxidation of GAP and continued produ ...
... provides the electrons and enough reduction potential to do the job. In fact, consuming NADH is the main goal of this reaction. Cellular levels of NAD+/NADH are limited, and oxidation of NADH back to NAD+, provides an ongoing supply of this reactant for continued oxidation of GAP and continued produ ...
Rubisco
... Pi into stroma to ensure continuous supply of inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH during this process. ...
... Pi into stroma to ensure continuous supply of inorganic phosphate for photophosphorylation ATP synthesis. It will also move NADPH synthesized by photorespiration into cytosol. NADPH will be converted to NADH during this process. ...
Chapter 19 - Evangel University
... • Seeds are rich in lipids, which contain fatty acids • During germination, plants use the acetyl-CoA produced in fatty acid oxidation to produce oxaloacetate and other intermediates for carbohydrate synthesis • Once plants begin photosynthesis and can fix CO2, glyoxysomes disappear ...
... • Seeds are rich in lipids, which contain fatty acids • During germination, plants use the acetyl-CoA produced in fatty acid oxidation to produce oxaloacetate and other intermediates for carbohydrate synthesis • Once plants begin photosynthesis and can fix CO2, glyoxysomes disappear ...
Physiology 8 Endocrine and Gastroenterology
... Regarding the flavoprotein – cytochrome system: a) cytochrome oxidase is the first step in the chain b) occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum c) substrates are pyruvate, water and oxygen and ATP ...
... Regarding the flavoprotein – cytochrome system: a) cytochrome oxidase is the first step in the chain b) occurs within the endoplasmic reticulum c) substrates are pyruvate, water and oxygen and ATP ...
... cerevisiae such that it can reoxidize NADH by the reduction of acetic acid to ethanol via NADH-dependent reactions. Acetic acid is available at significant amounts in lignocellulosic hydrolysates of agricultural residues. Consistent with earlier studies, deletion of the two genes encoding NAD-depend ...
lecture7
... 22.3.7. Animals Cannot Convert Fatty Acids into Glucose It is important to note that animals are unable to effect the net synthesis of glucose from fatty acids. Specifically, acetyl CoA cannot be converted into pyruvate or oxaloacetate in animals. The two carbon atoms of the acetyl group of acetyl C ...
... 22.3.7. Animals Cannot Convert Fatty Acids into Glucose It is important to note that animals are unable to effect the net synthesis of glucose from fatty acids. Specifically, acetyl CoA cannot be converted into pyruvate or oxaloacetate in animals. The two carbon atoms of the acetyl group of acetyl C ...
PDF
... The stimulation of metabolic enzymes partially relies on hormonal balance. Thus, a comprehension of the roles of hormones in metabolic regulation is essential to evaluate of any metabolic action or disorders. Metabolism in all living organisms includes anabolic and catabolic processes. Glycolysis, g ...
... The stimulation of metabolic enzymes partially relies on hormonal balance. Thus, a comprehension of the roles of hormones in metabolic regulation is essential to evaluate of any metabolic action or disorders. Metabolism in all living organisms includes anabolic and catabolic processes. Glycolysis, g ...
Nucleotide Metabolism Nucleotide sources - Rose
... few parasitic prokaryotes, all organisms can synthesize nucleotides.) Although all nucleated eukaryotic cells can synthesize nucleotides, most human synthesis occurs in the liver. Nucleotide synthesis is tightly regulated. Nucleotide synthesis is somewhat expensive in that the pathways use several m ...
... few parasitic prokaryotes, all organisms can synthesize nucleotides.) Although all nucleated eukaryotic cells can synthesize nucleotides, most human synthesis occurs in the liver. Nucleotide synthesis is tightly regulated. Nucleotide synthesis is somewhat expensive in that the pathways use several m ...
Metabolic Pathways and Energy Production
... Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis In gluconeogenesis, Glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrates such as lactate, some amino acids, and glycerol after they are converted to pyruvate or other intermediates. Seven reactions are the reverse of glycolysis and use the same enzymes. Three reacti ...
... Gluconeogenesis: Glucose Synthesis In gluconeogenesis, Glucose is synthesized from noncarbohydrates such as lactate, some amino acids, and glycerol after they are converted to pyruvate or other intermediates. Seven reactions are the reverse of glycolysis and use the same enzymes. Three reacti ...
2014
... D) The energy-requiring step is the release of bound ATP E) ATP synthase does not have more than one active site that is each bound to ATP at the same time Circle the correct answer. 11. [2 points] The inner mitochondrial membrane contains transporters for which substances? A) NAD+ B) glycerol 3 pho ...
... D) The energy-requiring step is the release of bound ATP E) ATP synthase does not have more than one active site that is each bound to ATP at the same time Circle the correct answer. 11. [2 points] The inner mitochondrial membrane contains transporters for which substances? A) NAD+ B) glycerol 3 pho ...
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... few amino group donors. Aminotransferases are named after the specific amino group donor, because the acceptor of the amino group is almost always αketoglutarate. The two most important aminotransferase reactions are catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)). ...
... few amino group donors. Aminotransferases are named after the specific amino group donor, because the acceptor of the amino group is almost always αketoglutarate. The two most important aminotransferase reactions are catalyzed by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)). ...
Effect of ovarian hormones on mitochondrial enzyme activity in the
... influenced by estrogens (39). Although skeletal muscle and liver CPT I isozymes have exhibited many similarities, tissue-specific differences have been found in molecular masses (40) and sensitivity to inhibition by malonyl-CoA (26); therefore, further investigation of the effect of the ovarian horm ...
... influenced by estrogens (39). Although skeletal muscle and liver CPT I isozymes have exhibited many similarities, tissue-specific differences have been found in molecular masses (40) and sensitivity to inhibition by malonyl-CoA (26); therefore, further investigation of the effect of the ovarian horm ...
Chapter 15 Review Worksheet and Key
... Define the term reduction and explain how it applies to the difference in the structures of NAD+ and NADH. Reduction is the gain of electrons. In organic and biochemical molecules, a gain of hydrogen and /or a loss of oxygen is indication that reduction has taken place. NADH, the reduced form of the ...
... Define the term reduction and explain how it applies to the difference in the structures of NAD+ and NADH. Reduction is the gain of electrons. In organic and biochemical molecules, a gain of hydrogen and /or a loss of oxygen is indication that reduction has taken place. NADH, the reduced form of the ...
Liver Function Tests slides 2009
... portion of which is stored in the liver and later reconverted to glucose as necessary). ...
... portion of which is stored in the liver and later reconverted to glucose as necessary). ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676.
... plains of India especially Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. The plant species is known for its therapeutic properties viz. Anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, anti-choleric, immuno-stimulant and also anti-malarial, anti-hypertensive, antipyretic, anti-thrombotic and hepa ...
... plains of India especially Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. The plant species is known for its therapeutic properties viz. Anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, anti-choleric, immuno-stimulant and also anti-malarial, anti-hypertensive, antipyretic, anti-thrombotic and hepa ...
3 hours - The University of Winnipeg
... Question 8. The transportation of ATP out of the mitochondrial matrix and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix is energetically ‘driven’ by... a. the mitochondrial electochemical proton gradient b. the Na+ gradient c. the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi d. the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and PPi e. n ...
... Question 8. The transportation of ATP out of the mitochondrial matrix and ADP into the mitochondrial matrix is energetically ‘driven’ by... a. the mitochondrial electochemical proton gradient b. the Na+ gradient c. the hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi d. the hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and PPi e. n ...
(TCA) cycle
... 5.3 Replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates 5.3.2.1 Regulation of the glyoxylate cycle (continued) Dephosphorylation active form of isocitrate dehydrogenase Phosphorylation inactive form of isocitrate dehydrogenase Dephosphorylation to induce flux through the TCA cycle (1) When metabolic i ...
... 5.3 Replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates 5.3.2.1 Regulation of the glyoxylate cycle (continued) Dephosphorylation active form of isocitrate dehydrogenase Phosphorylation inactive form of isocitrate dehydrogenase Dephosphorylation to induce flux through the TCA cycle (1) When metabolic i ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.