![Metabolism of pentoses, glycogen, Fru and Gal](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000857257_1-8fdd945ae8db8966fce2775505ec3cd2-300x300.png)
Metabolism of pentoses, glycogen, Fru and Gal
... (physiologically: glycogen formation and storage during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy by the fetus → reserve for first hours → prevention of hypoglycemia) reduced or no glycogen reserve in the fetus ...
... (physiologically: glycogen formation and storage during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy by the fetus → reserve for first hours → prevention of hypoglycemia) reduced or no glycogen reserve in the fetus ...
Activity 2.2.3 The Biochemistry of Food
... to form a disaccharide. Note that the prefix di refers to two. Hint: You may have to remove pieces. If you remove pieces, remember to link them following the four basic rules. Note that there are two ways for monosaccharides to come together. Both are correct and both can be found in the same polysa ...
... to form a disaccharide. Note that the prefix di refers to two. Hint: You may have to remove pieces. If you remove pieces, remember to link them following the four basic rules. Note that there are two ways for monosaccharides to come together. Both are correct and both can be found in the same polysa ...
Bioenergetics
... • Can be stored in the muscle and is made from ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during musc ...
... • Can be stored in the muscle and is made from ATP during periods of rest • During periods of high activity CP is broken down quickly and its energy converted to ATP • But this source of ATP can only supply a cell for 8 to 10 seconds during the most strenuous exercise • Creatine released during musc ...
De novo lipogenesis in the liver in health and disease: more than
... biosynthetic pathway within the liver, contributing to the lipids that are stored and secreted by hepatocytes (Jensen-Urstad & Semenkovich, 2012). This process is an extension of the complex metabolic networks at play within the liver, and is provided with substrate primarily through glycolysis and ...
... biosynthetic pathway within the liver, contributing to the lipids that are stored and secreted by hepatocytes (Jensen-Urstad & Semenkovich, 2012). This process is an extension of the complex metabolic networks at play within the liver, and is provided with substrate primarily through glycolysis and ...
Towards a molecular understanding of adaptive thermogenesis
... control adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of the adipocytederived hormone leptin and neuropeptides, both of which regulate energy balance in the hypothalamus, is further evidence for regulation of thermogenesis by the brain and is discussed in detail in the review by Schwartz et al., pp. 661–671. ...
... control adaptive thermogenesis. The presence of the adipocytederived hormone leptin and neuropeptides, both of which regulate energy balance in the hypothalamus, is further evidence for regulation of thermogenesis by the brain and is discussed in detail in the review by Schwartz et al., pp. 661–671. ...
Pharm Ch 30 Pancreatic Anatomy Exocrine portion constitutes 99
... triglycerides; enhanced by activation of other lipogenic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, and deactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase, which degrades triglyceride Insulin degraded rapidly by insulinase enzy ...
... triglycerides; enhanced by activation of other lipogenic enzymes, including pyruvate kinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and glycerol phosphate acyltransferase, and deactivation of hormone-sensitive lipase, which degrades triglyceride Insulin degraded rapidly by insulinase enzy ...
Topic: Exchange and functions of carbohydrates
... Exchange and functions of carbohydrates. Glycogen is animal starch. It is the main reserve homopolysaccharide. It consists of L-Dglucose connected with L-1,4 and L-1,6 by glycosidic linkage – (C6H10O5)p. Glycogen may be found in all organs and tissues. Its content in the liver is from 2 to 6 percent ...
... Exchange and functions of carbohydrates. Glycogen is animal starch. It is the main reserve homopolysaccharide. It consists of L-Dglucose connected with L-1,4 and L-1,6 by glycosidic linkage – (C6H10O5)p. Glycogen may be found in all organs and tissues. Its content in the liver is from 2 to 6 percent ...
Oxidation of C`4-labeled Carbohydrate
... relatively high rates of aerobic glycolysis shown by tumor slices as evidence for a defect in respiration which distinguished them from normal tissues. Dickens and Simer (10) then pointed out that tu mors, in contradistinction to normal tissues (brain, retina, embryo) having a high anaerobic glycoly ...
... relatively high rates of aerobic glycolysis shown by tumor slices as evidence for a defect in respiration which distinguished them from normal tissues. Dickens and Simer (10) then pointed out that tu mors, in contradistinction to normal tissues (brain, retina, embryo) having a high anaerobic glycoly ...
Role of Carnitine in Lipid Metabolism
... by hepatic tissues. However, a recent report by Otto (7) suggests that when the ATP/ADP ratio is decreased, octanoate oxidation by either hepatocytes or mitochondria isolated from hepatic tissue is shifted from an almost total reliance upon a camitine independent pathway to an increased reliance upo ...
... by hepatic tissues. However, a recent report by Otto (7) suggests that when the ATP/ADP ratio is decreased, octanoate oxidation by either hepatocytes or mitochondria isolated from hepatic tissue is shifted from an almost total reliance upon a camitine independent pathway to an increased reliance upo ...
Generalities Main amino acid reactions
... Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
... Proteins are the polypeptides formed by sequences of amino acids General formula of the a-amino acids NH2-CH-COOH R The amino acids occupy a central position in the metabolism of nitrogenous compounds ...
Fatty acids: Review
... atoms. The chains may be saturated or contain double bonds. The complete oxidation of fatty acids yields about 9 kcal/g, which is over 2 times the energy that can be obtained from the same weight of carbohydrate. ...
... atoms. The chains may be saturated or contain double bonds. The complete oxidation of fatty acids yields about 9 kcal/g, which is over 2 times the energy that can be obtained from the same weight of carbohydrate. ...
THE LIVER AS AN ORGAN
... glycogen. Stored hepatic glycogen can provide glucose for 12 to 17 hours during fasting. When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon and other hyperglycemic hormones such as epinephrine and growth hormone stimulate glycolysis to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood. If the glycogen ...
... glycogen. Stored hepatic glycogen can provide glucose for 12 to 17 hours during fasting. When blood glucose levels are low, glucagon and other hyperglycemic hormones such as epinephrine and growth hormone stimulate glycolysis to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood. If the glycogen ...
Sensing the fat: Fatty acid metabolism in the
... (CPT-1, also carnitine acyltransferase 1), which is the enzyme that translocates LCFAs into mitochondria and makes their oxidation possible [28,32,40,41]. Under physiological conditions, the inhibition of CPT-1 activity occurs when animals are fed and thus the levels of malonyl-CoA are increased due ...
... (CPT-1, also carnitine acyltransferase 1), which is the enzyme that translocates LCFAs into mitochondria and makes their oxidation possible [28,32,40,41]. Under physiological conditions, the inhibition of CPT-1 activity occurs when animals are fed and thus the levels of malonyl-CoA are increased due ...
Glycolysis
... Discovery of the urea cycle 1932 • Synthesis of urea from ammonia greatly increased by ornithine. • One molecule of ornithine caused formation of many molecules of urea. • Sub-stoichiometry! Not used up in the reaction! A catalyst! • A catalyst takes part in a reaction and forms an intermediate but ...
... Discovery of the urea cycle 1932 • Synthesis of urea from ammonia greatly increased by ornithine. • One molecule of ornithine caused formation of many molecules of urea. • Sub-stoichiometry! Not used up in the reaction! A catalyst! • A catalyst takes part in a reaction and forms an intermediate but ...
ch24a_wcr
... • Complex carbohydrates more glycogen storage in muscle; more effective than high-protein meal for intense muscle activity • Carbo loading – Carbohydrate-rich diet for 3-4 days; decreased activity muscles store more glycogen – improved performance and endurance ...
... • Complex carbohydrates more glycogen storage in muscle; more effective than high-protein meal for intense muscle activity • Carbo loading – Carbohydrate-rich diet for 3-4 days; decreased activity muscles store more glycogen – improved performance and endurance ...
FAT SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION
... Once fatty acids have been made 16 carbons long, they can be lengthened by adding 2 carbon atoms at a time with malonyl-CoA in a reaction that looks a lot like the first step of fatty acid synthesis. However, the elongation reaction is carried out on the fatty acyl-CoA and by an enzyme that is diffe ...
... Once fatty acids have been made 16 carbons long, they can be lengthened by adding 2 carbon atoms at a time with malonyl-CoA in a reaction that looks a lot like the first step of fatty acid synthesis. However, the elongation reaction is carried out on the fatty acyl-CoA and by an enzyme that is diffe ...
Biochemistry 7/e
... The brain in particular has an absolute dependence on glucose as a fuel, because neurons cannot utilize alternative energy sources like fatty acids. When blood levels of glucose begin to fall below the normal range, it is imperative to find and pump additional glucose into blood. Glucagon exer ...
... The brain in particular has an absolute dependence on glucose as a fuel, because neurons cannot utilize alternative energy sources like fatty acids. When blood levels of glucose begin to fall below the normal range, it is imperative to find and pump additional glucose into blood. Glucagon exer ...
Biodiesel Production and Fuel Quality_JVG
... the top where they can be removed and recycled. The salts remain with the glycerol although depending on the chemical compounds present, some may precipitate out. Mittelbach and Koncar describe a process for esterifying these free fatty acids and then returning them to the transesterification reacti ...
... the top where they can be removed and recycled. The salts remain with the glycerol although depending on the chemical compounds present, some may precipitate out. Mittelbach and Koncar describe a process for esterifying these free fatty acids and then returning them to the transesterification reacti ...
The Concentration of Phosphatidylethanolamine in
... peak in blood glucose reached after the oral gavage of glucose rather than enhanced glucose clearance. We investigated whether the improvement in glucose tolerance could be explained by a difference in gluconeogenesis. Sodium pyruvate was injected intraperitoneally, and the rise in blood glucose lev ...
... peak in blood glucose reached after the oral gavage of glucose rather than enhanced glucose clearance. We investigated whether the improvement in glucose tolerance could be explained by a difference in gluconeogenesis. Sodium pyruvate was injected intraperitoneally, and the rise in blood glucose lev ...
Hereditary hyperammonemia - Stephanie Hickey Nutrition Portfolio
... 4) Which other enzymes might have been elevated in the plasma? Excluding aspartate aninotransferase and alanine aminotransferases, other enzymes that may be elevated in the plasma is alkaline phosphate, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and bilirubin. Elevations of these enzymes can be detected by d ...
... 4) Which other enzymes might have been elevated in the plasma? Excluding aspartate aninotransferase and alanine aminotransferases, other enzymes that may be elevated in the plasma is alkaline phosphate, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and bilirubin. Elevations of these enzymes can be detected by d ...
Ch t 19 apter 19 The Citric Acid Cycle
... Citrate + CoA-SH + ATP -----> Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi ...
... Citrate + CoA-SH + ATP -----> Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi ...
Sex-specific alterations in glucose homeostasis and metabolic
... mice. Levels of serum triglycerides followed a similar pattern in male Casp2−/− mice (Figure 2e). Serum FFAs and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), a ketone body produced in liver from β-oxidation of fatty acids, were increased by fasting in all groups. However, the increase in fasted serum FFA was significan ...
... mice. Levels of serum triglycerides followed a similar pattern in male Casp2−/− mice (Figure 2e). Serum FFAs and β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), a ketone body produced in liver from β-oxidation of fatty acids, were increased by fasting in all groups. However, the increase in fasted serum FFA was significan ...
Fermented Cod Liver Oil - Green Pasture Products
... Enhanced Vitamin Content, Natural Forms of Vitamins In general, the process of fermentation enhances the nutrient composition of the final product. For example, in a comparison study of fermented versus non-fermented garlic, fermented garlic was shown to contain more vitamin E, B2, and amino acids ...
... Enhanced Vitamin Content, Natural Forms of Vitamins In general, the process of fermentation enhances the nutrient composition of the final product. For example, in a comparison study of fermented versus non-fermented garlic, fermented garlic was shown to contain more vitamin E, B2, and amino acids ...
The use of the movie "Lorenzo`s Oil" as a Teaching Tool
... The paradox was: why would intake of unsaturated short chain oleic acid (only 18 carbons long) reduce the synthesis of dangerous very long chain saturated fatty acids (22-24 carbons long)? To solve the paradox, Augusto Odone (most critics thought Nick Nolte's his fake Italian accent was absurd but I ...
... The paradox was: why would intake of unsaturated short chain oleic acid (only 18 carbons long) reduce the synthesis of dangerous very long chain saturated fatty acids (22-24 carbons long)? To solve the paradox, Augusto Odone (most critics thought Nick Nolte's his fake Italian accent was absurd but I ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.