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refresher corner - Heart and Metabolism
... In the ischemic myocardium, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation decreases, and because there are essentially no reserves of energy in the heart, there is a depletion of high energy phosphates.2,3 Although there is an initial transfer of phosphates from phosphocreatine to ATP (via creatine kinase ...
... In the ischemic myocardium, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation decreases, and because there are essentially no reserves of energy in the heart, there is a depletion of high energy phosphates.2,3 Although there is an initial transfer of phosphates from phosphocreatine to ATP (via creatine kinase ...
Chapter 4
... glycogenolysis (breakdown of glucose) whereas phosphorylation inactivates glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis). • Put differently: Phosphorylation activates glycogenolysis whereas dephosphorylation activates glycogenesis. • On the same theme, the action of insulin is opposite to that of glucagon. • Ins ...
... glycogenolysis (breakdown of glucose) whereas phosphorylation inactivates glycogenesis (glycogen synthesis). • Put differently: Phosphorylation activates glycogenolysis whereas dephosphorylation activates glycogenesis. • On the same theme, the action of insulin is opposite to that of glucagon. • Ins ...
LACTATE/PYRUVATE RATIO Relevant disorders Related
... DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SHEFFIELD CHILDREN’S NHS FOUNDATION TRUST ...
... DEPARTMENT OF CLINICAL CHEMISTRY SHEFFIELD CHILDREN’S NHS FOUNDATION TRUST ...
12918_2009_420_moesm5_esm - Springer Static Content Server
... biomass, we followed well established procedures. Where possible, data specific to C. thermocellum was used, but where necessary we used information specific for the gram positive microorganism Bacillus subtilis, for which there already exists a genome scale metabolic model (Oh et al 2007). All calc ...
... biomass, we followed well established procedures. Where possible, data specific to C. thermocellum was used, but where necessary we used information specific for the gram positive microorganism Bacillus subtilis, for which there already exists a genome scale metabolic model (Oh et al 2007). All calc ...
acetyl CoA carboxylase
... Sources of NADPH for Fatty Acid Synthesis 1. One molecule of NADPH is generated for each molecule of acetyl CoA that is transferred from mitochondria to the cytosol (malic enzyme). ...
... Sources of NADPH for Fatty Acid Synthesis 1. One molecule of NADPH is generated for each molecule of acetyl CoA that is transferred from mitochondria to the cytosol (malic enzyme). ...
Characterisation of the diol dehydratase pdu operon of Lactobacillus
... Fig. 3 shows the Southern hybridisation analysis of digested chromosomal DNA. The 3P pduC extremity, highly conserved between glycerol or diol dehydratases, was used as probe. The result strongly suggests that L. collinoides contains only the diol dehydratase operon. 3.4. Expression of the diol dehy ...
... Fig. 3 shows the Southern hybridisation analysis of digested chromosomal DNA. The 3P pduC extremity, highly conserved between glycerol or diol dehydratases, was used as probe. The result strongly suggests that L. collinoides contains only the diol dehydratase operon. 3.4. Expression of the diol dehy ...
Hereditary mitochondrial diseases disorders of mitochondrial fatty
... A3243G mtDNA mutation within the tRNALeu gene Type 1 or type 2 diabetes All carriers develop diabetes or IGT before the age of 70 years: 100% penetrance Progressive, most patients will require insulin Impaired hearing, reflected by a reduced perception of high tone frequencies Mitochondrial function ...
... A3243G mtDNA mutation within the tRNALeu gene Type 1 or type 2 diabetes All carriers develop diabetes or IGT before the age of 70 years: 100% penetrance Progressive, most patients will require insulin Impaired hearing, reflected by a reduced perception of high tone frequencies Mitochondrial function ...
Gly - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... Non-oxidative branch Used in muscle , where glucose 6-P dehydrogenase level is low and nucleotides are stored. ...
... Non-oxidative branch Used in muscle , where glucose 6-P dehydrogenase level is low and nucleotides are stored. ...
Metabolism: Introduction
... The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the oxidationof fuel molecules: ...
... The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway for the oxidationof fuel molecules: ...
Pentose Phosphate Shunt
... Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Rib-5-P Glucose can be a substrate either for glycolysis or for the pentose phosphate pathway The choice depends on the relative needs of the cell for biosynthesis and for energy from metabolism ATP can be made if G-6-P is sent to glycolysis Or, if NADPH or ribose-5-P ...
... Cell’s Need for ATP, NADPH, and Rib-5-P Glucose can be a substrate either for glycolysis or for the pentose phosphate pathway The choice depends on the relative needs of the cell for biosynthesis and for energy from metabolism ATP can be made if G-6-P is sent to glycolysis Or, if NADPH or ribose-5-P ...
Carbohydrates and the liver
... including hepatitis induced by toxins (most frequently by ethanol), NAFLD (see above), by viral infections (hepatitis A, B and C) [33] and by autoimmune inflammatory disorders (see Section 6, Cirrhosis). Thus, it is a heterogeneous disorder, which makes discussion of carbohydrate metabolism in cirrh ...
... including hepatitis induced by toxins (most frequently by ethanol), NAFLD (see above), by viral infections (hepatitis A, B and C) [33] and by autoimmune inflammatory disorders (see Section 6, Cirrhosis). Thus, it is a heterogeneous disorder, which makes discussion of carbohydrate metabolism in cirrh ...
Metabolism and Nutrition
... Animal proteins contain greatest amounts of essential amino acids- eggs, milk, fish, meats Beans, nuts, and cereals lack some essential amino acids Daily intake- 0.8 g per kg body weight ...
... Animal proteins contain greatest amounts of essential amino acids- eggs, milk, fish, meats Beans, nuts, and cereals lack some essential amino acids Daily intake- 0.8 g per kg body weight ...
3-Glycolysis BCH340
... 4. Aerobic glycolysis provides the mitochondria with pyruvate, which gives acetyl CoA Krebs' cycle. ...
... 4. Aerobic glycolysis provides the mitochondria with pyruvate, which gives acetyl CoA Krebs' cycle. ...
BHS 116.2: Physiology II Date: 1/23/13 Notetaker: Stephanie Cullen
... Remainder is packaged into lipoproteins which are transported in the blood to other tissues o Synthesis of fat from proteins and carbohydrates Liver is primary tissue where this occurs Synthesized fat is transported in lipoprotein particles o Lipids and cholesterol are absorbed in the intestin ...
... Remainder is packaged into lipoproteins which are transported in the blood to other tissues o Synthesis of fat from proteins and carbohydrates Liver is primary tissue where this occurs Synthesized fat is transported in lipoprotein particles o Lipids and cholesterol are absorbed in the intestin ...
Book Problems Chapter 2
... buried inn the bilayer and its polarr head groupp exposed to the solvent. (d) T protein reecognizes thhe phosphochholine head group, which also occurrs in some spphingolipids The and somee glyceropho ospholipids. Since the prrotein does not n bind all phospholipid p ds or triacylgglycerols, it does ...
... buried inn the bilayer and its polarr head groupp exposed to the solvent. (d) T protein reecognizes thhe phosphochholine head group, which also occurrs in some spphingolipids The and somee glyceropho ospholipids. Since the prrotein does not n bind all phospholipid p ds or triacylgglycerols, it does ...
Neonatal Glucose Homeostasis
... Source of ATP Phosphorylation of glucose and fructose 6-phosphate uses two ATP from the cytoplasm. Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation ...
... Source of ATP Phosphorylation of glucose and fructose 6-phosphate uses two ATP from the cytoplasm. Substrate-level phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation ...
Amino acid metabolism II. Urea cycle
... The activity of urea cycle is regulated at two levels: • Dietary intake is primarily proteins much urea (amino acids are used for fuel) • Prolonged starvation breaks down of muscle proteins much urea also • The rate of synthesis of four urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I ( ...
... The activity of urea cycle is regulated at two levels: • Dietary intake is primarily proteins much urea (amino acids are used for fuel) • Prolonged starvation breaks down of muscle proteins much urea also • The rate of synthesis of four urea cycle enzymes and carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I ( ...
Document - Van Demon Fitness
... Essential fatty acids (EFAs), have steadily become the new buzz word in nutrition for several important reasons. The biggest reason is it’s prefix, “essential”. Yes, fats in this category are something your body can not make, but need for survival and to prevent deficiencies. This is in contrast to ...
... Essential fatty acids (EFAs), have steadily become the new buzz word in nutrition for several important reasons. The biggest reason is it’s prefix, “essential”. Yes, fats in this category are something your body can not make, but need for survival and to prevent deficiencies. This is in contrast to ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... 1.The absorbed pentoses are excreted in urine because the body does not deal with them. 2.The absorbed hexoses are glucose, fructose, or galactose. Fructose and galactose are converted into glucose in the liver. ...
... 1.The absorbed pentoses are excreted in urine because the body does not deal with them. 2.The absorbed hexoses are glucose, fructose, or galactose. Fructose and galactose are converted into glucose in the liver. ...
13-Krebs cycle
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
13-Krebs cycle
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
... (Extra slide to understand general concept) Overview of Krebs cycle: The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle– is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from ca ...
Carbohydrates
... blood sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, table sugar is the disaccharide sucrose, and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration) Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms: Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen), and as structural c ...
... blood sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, table sugar is the disaccharide sucrose, and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration) Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms: Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen), and as structural c ...
Chapter 13 - TCA Cycle
... The G of oxidation is stored in reduced FAD which is covalently attached to the enzyme. ...
... The G of oxidation is stored in reduced FAD which is covalently attached to the enzyme. ...
Objectives 30 - u.arizona.edu
... • for fat synthesis, glucose is converted to pyruvate that in turn produces acetyl CoA in mitochondria; acetyl CoA carbons in the mitochondria are transported to the cytoplasm via citrate formed by condensing oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA; citrate is cleaved in the cytoplasm to liberate acetyl CoA for ...
... • for fat synthesis, glucose is converted to pyruvate that in turn produces acetyl CoA in mitochondria; acetyl CoA carbons in the mitochondria are transported to the cytoplasm via citrate formed by condensing oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA; citrate is cleaved in the cytoplasm to liberate acetyl CoA for ...
Glyceroneogenesis
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Glycerol-3-phosphate.png?width=300)
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.