Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... Net gain = 2 ATP = 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 AP Biology ...
... Net gain = 2 ATP = 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 AP Biology ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Kreb`s Cycle
... Net gain = 2 ATP = 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 AP Biology ...
... Net gain = 2 ATP = 8 NADH + 2 FADH2 AP Biology ...
6 Energy
... The Electron Transport System (aka oxidative phosphorylation, or cellular respiration) also takes place in the mitochondria. Here, the NADH molecules from glycolysis and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 more ATP. When this system is performing in ...
... The Electron Transport System (aka oxidative phosphorylation, or cellular respiration) also takes place in the mitochondria. Here, the NADH molecules from glycolysis and the TCA cycle are oxidized back to NAD so glycolysis can continue. It also generates 3 more ATP. When this system is performing in ...
05 Fermentations 2008
... • Higher product yield (less ATP → less biomass) (100 g ethanol / 250 g glucose) = 78% molar conv. eff ...
... • Higher product yield (less ATP → less biomass) (100 g ethanol / 250 g glucose) = 78% molar conv. eff ...
Chapter 25: Urinary System
... • Liver cells form acetoacetic acid from 2 carbon units & ketone bodies from acetoacetic acid (ketogenesis) – heart muscle & kidney cortex prefer to use acetoacetic acid for ATP production Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
... • Liver cells form acetoacetic acid from 2 carbon units & ketone bodies from acetoacetic acid (ketogenesis) – heart muscle & kidney cortex prefer to use acetoacetic acid for ATP production Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
Chapter 16
... stimulating gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis. Regulation – blood glucose levels, ANS & Insulin ...
... stimulating gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis. Regulation – blood glucose levels, ANS & Insulin ...
Biochemistry Study Guide NITROGEN METABOLISM
... Glutamate Dehydrogenase is available to regenerate the reactant and make it a cycle. However, other keto acids may also be used. OVERALL CYCLE: Two cofactors are required: Pyridoxal Phosphate and NAD+ (but no ATP!) For every turn of the cycle, we have Aminotransferase: alpha-amino acid ------> ...
... Glutamate Dehydrogenase is available to regenerate the reactant and make it a cycle. However, other keto acids may also be used. OVERALL CYCLE: Two cofactors are required: Pyridoxal Phosphate and NAD+ (but no ATP!) For every turn of the cycle, we have Aminotransferase: alpha-amino acid ------> ...
CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2
... 1) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA 2) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA + CH3CO-CoA 3) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA + CH3-CO-CoA 4) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA + CH3-CO-CoA 5) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH ...
... 1) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA 2) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA + CH3CO-CoA 3) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA + CH3-CO-CoA 4) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CO-CoA + CH3-CO-CoA 5) CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH ...
Physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in anaerobic glucose
... a K,for glucose of 0.55 mM. At a dilution rate of 0.10h-l, a maximal yield of 0.10 g biomass (g glucose)-' was observed. The yield steadily declined with increasing dilution rates, so a maintenance coefficient for anaerobic growth could not be estimated At a dilution rate of 0.10 h-l, the yield of t ...
... a K,for glucose of 0.55 mM. At a dilution rate of 0.10h-l, a maximal yield of 0.10 g biomass (g glucose)-' was observed. The yield steadily declined with increasing dilution rates, so a maintenance coefficient for anaerobic growth could not be estimated At a dilution rate of 0.10 h-l, the yield of t ...
Metabolic changes in the glucose-induced apoptotic blastocyst
... Glucose transport and metabolism are critical for mammalian blastocyst formation and further development(8, 20). At this stage, the switch occurs from oxidation of pyruvate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) to the use of glucose as the main substrate via glycolysis (7, 14). As a result, the bla ...
... Glucose transport and metabolism are critical for mammalian blastocyst formation and further development(8, 20). At this stage, the switch occurs from oxidation of pyruvate via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) to the use of glucose as the main substrate via glycolysis (7, 14). As a result, the bla ...
Ch16
... Why? It’s because some of the pyruvate can not be converted to acetyl-CoA and is exported from cells to blood. Note that this also makes α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase much less active because it has the same mechanism as pyruvate dehydrogenase. ...
... Why? It’s because some of the pyruvate can not be converted to acetyl-CoA and is exported from cells to blood. Note that this also makes α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase much less active because it has the same mechanism as pyruvate dehydrogenase. ...
Week III Lecture I slides
... • OXIDATION is the loss of electrons from a substance • REDUCTION is the addition of electrons to a substance ...
... • OXIDATION is the loss of electrons from a substance • REDUCTION is the addition of electrons to a substance ...
Phase 1 - Orifera
... L-ornithine is crucial for removal of bodily wastes, and some research also suggests this amino acid may help boost your energy ...
... L-ornithine is crucial for removal of bodily wastes, and some research also suggests this amino acid may help boost your energy ...
Purification and properties of NADP +-dependent
... batch prepared from between one to five residues per mole. In the purified A . niger enzyme one ornithine residue was found. The presence of ornithine was confirmed independently by the methanesulphonic acid and performic acid hydrolysis methods. The modification must be due to the action of an argi ...
... batch prepared from between one to five residues per mole. In the purified A . niger enzyme one ornithine residue was found. The presence of ornithine was confirmed independently by the methanesulphonic acid and performic acid hydrolysis methods. The modification must be due to the action of an argi ...
Introduction to Carbohydrates
... • When the fatty acid reaches a length of 16 carbons, the synthetic process is terminated with palmitoyl-S-ACP. [Note: Shorter-length fatty acids are important end-products in the lactating mammary gland.] • Palmitoyl thioesterase cleaves the thioester bond, producing a fully saturated molecule of p ...
... • When the fatty acid reaches a length of 16 carbons, the synthetic process is terminated with palmitoyl-S-ACP. [Note: Shorter-length fatty acids are important end-products in the lactating mammary gland.] • Palmitoyl thioesterase cleaves the thioester bond, producing a fully saturated molecule of p ...
Oxidation - medscistudents
... 3. In the presence NAD+, -hydroxy acyl CoA dehydroegnase enzyme oxidises -hydroxy acyl CoA to form -ketoacyl CoA. 4. Thiolase in the presence of CoASH cleaves of -keto acyl CoA to yield acetyl CoA and fatty acyl CoA having 2-carbon atom less than the original FA. Newly formed acyl CoA undergoes ...
... 3. In the presence NAD+, -hydroxy acyl CoA dehydroegnase enzyme oxidises -hydroxy acyl CoA to form -ketoacyl CoA. 4. Thiolase in the presence of CoASH cleaves of -keto acyl CoA to yield acetyl CoA and fatty acyl CoA having 2-carbon atom less than the original FA. Newly formed acyl CoA undergoes ...
Carbohydrate Storage and Synthesis in Liver and Muscle: Glycogen
... Assumes a blood volume = 7 L, hematocrit = 45%, and no other distribution system operates. ...
... Assumes a blood volume = 7 L, hematocrit = 45%, and no other distribution system operates. ...
Journal of Clinical Bioinformatics
... and can also enhance exercise performance in healthy, trained individuals [28]. Carnosine is synthesized in skeletal muscle from L-histidine and A-alanine amino acids [22]. One important physiological role of carnosine is the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis [22, 31]. Studies have shown that sup ...
... and can also enhance exercise performance in healthy, trained individuals [28]. Carnosine is synthesized in skeletal muscle from L-histidine and A-alanine amino acids [22]. One important physiological role of carnosine is the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis [22, 31]. Studies have shown that sup ...
aerobic respiration
... Pyruvate not moved into mitochondria (stays in cytosol & is converted into waste products that can be transported out of cells) Waste product depends on type of cell e.g. ethanol in yeast e.g. lactate in skeletal muscles, bacteria ...
... Pyruvate not moved into mitochondria (stays in cytosol & is converted into waste products that can be transported out of cells) Waste product depends on type of cell e.g. ethanol in yeast e.g. lactate in skeletal muscles, bacteria ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... There is still energy stored in those bonds. It can still be oxidized further. ...
... There is still energy stored in those bonds. It can still be oxidized further. ...
Review of Analytical Methods Part 1: Spectrophotometry
... • -Glucosidase does not react with oligosaccharides containing more than 4 glucose residues • A modification of this approach uses -2-chloro-4NP, which has a higher molar absorptivity than 4-NP ...
... • -Glucosidase does not react with oligosaccharides containing more than 4 glucose residues • A modification of this approach uses -2-chloro-4NP, which has a higher molar absorptivity than 4-NP ...
Glycogen Metabolism Gluconeogenesis
... • The same kinase phosphorylates both phosphorylase and synthase • Synthase A (dephos.) is always active • Synthase D (phos.) is dependent on [G-6-P] • The same event that turns one on turns the other one off. ...
... • The same kinase phosphorylates both phosphorylase and synthase • Synthase A (dephos.) is always active • Synthase D (phos.) is dependent on [G-6-P] • The same event that turns one on turns the other one off. ...
Dynamic Modeling of Lactic Acid Fermentation Metabolism with
... Sum of the proportions accounted for by each macromolecule in the cell dry weight. For example, there are 0.52 g/g CDW of protein in the cell biomass. ...
... Sum of the proportions accounted for by each macromolecule in the cell dry weight. For example, there are 0.52 g/g CDW of protein in the cell biomass. ...
Biochemistry
... A Transport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria B Transport of FFA from fat depots to the tissues C It takes part in one of reactions of FFA beta-oxidation D FFA activation E Activation of intracellular lipolysis ...
... A Transport of FFA (free fatty acids) from cytosol to the mitochondria B Transport of FFA from fat depots to the tissues C It takes part in one of reactions of FFA beta-oxidation D FFA activation E Activation of intracellular lipolysis ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.