Glutamate Dehydrogenases: Enzymology, Physiological
... of nitrogen donor and acceptor. Glutamate can be synthesized by two alternative routes: one involves catalysis of GDH in the aminating direction, but ammonium assimilation is also possible by the participation of two enzymes: glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase, also named glutamine ox ...
... of nitrogen donor and acceptor. Glutamate can be synthesized by two alternative routes: one involves catalysis of GDH in the aminating direction, but ammonium assimilation is also possible by the participation of two enzymes: glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase, also named glutamine ox ...
PRODUCTION OF PYRUVATE AND LACTATE BY
... High costs of chemical synthesis have prevented the extensive use of pyruvate and lactate for many applications (Li et al. 2001). Fermentation processes using microorganisms have been developed to produce high concentrations of pyruvate and lactate. Metabolic engineering and traditional strategies ...
... High costs of chemical synthesis have prevented the extensive use of pyruvate and lactate for many applications (Li et al. 2001). Fermentation processes using microorganisms have been developed to produce high concentrations of pyruvate and lactate. Metabolic engineering and traditional strategies ...
Quantitative flux analysis reveals folate
... Although the relative contribution of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to ATP production has been extensively analysed, similar analysis of NADPH metabolism has been lacking. Here we demonstrate the ability to directly track, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, the passage of deuteri ...
... Although the relative contribution of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation to ATP production has been extensively analysed, similar analysis of NADPH metabolism has been lacking. Here we demonstrate the ability to directly track, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, the passage of deuteri ...
phosphorylation. synthesis via the mechanism of substrate level
... (Darmstadt, Germany). Enzymes and coenzymes were from Boehringer (Mannheim, Germany). Gases (N2, 5.0; H2, 5.0; CO2, 4.8) were obtained from Messer Griesheim (Berlin, Germany). Ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum was purified as described by Schönheit et al. (25). M. barkeri Fusaro (DSM 804) wa ...
... (Darmstadt, Germany). Enzymes and coenzymes were from Boehringer (Mannheim, Germany). Gases (N2, 5.0; H2, 5.0; CO2, 4.8) were obtained from Messer Griesheim (Berlin, Germany). Ferredoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum was purified as described by Schönheit et al. (25). M. barkeri Fusaro (DSM 804) wa ...
On the mechanism of action of the antifungal agent propionate
... and 25 mg 2,2¢-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-6-thiazolinesulfonic acid), final volume 50 mL. Each assay, which contained 900 lL reagent and 100 lL sample, was incubated for 15 min at 37 C and measured at 436 nm in a spectrophotometer. The assay was linear in a range of 0–30 lM glucose. A standard was run fo ...
... and 25 mg 2,2¢-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-6-thiazolinesulfonic acid), final volume 50 mL. Each assay, which contained 900 lL reagent and 100 lL sample, was incubated for 15 min at 37 C and measured at 436 nm in a spectrophotometer. The assay was linear in a range of 0–30 lM glucose. A standard was run fo ...
... 2.4. Etiopathology of type 2 diabetes ............................................... 12 2.5. Current treatments for type 2 diabetes ..................................... 14 2.5.1 Lifestyle interventions .......................................................... 14 2.5.2. Pharmacological treatments ...
- Opus
... Therefore, most dietary carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose and/or galactose prior to their subsequent absorption. The major intestinal absorption route of glucose involves sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), which transports glucose from the intes ...
... Therefore, most dietary carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, fructose and/or galactose prior to their subsequent absorption. The major intestinal absorption route of glucose involves sodium‐dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), which transports glucose from the intes ...
carboxylesterase 1 plays an essential role in non
... and generates multiple signals that alter lipid and glucose metabolism. Free fatty acids (FFAs), released from adipose tissue, can be used for triglyceride synthesis or broken down in response to energy demands. Peripheral insulin resistance, a predisposing factor for hepatic steatosis, enhances adi ...
... and generates multiple signals that alter lipid and glucose metabolism. Free fatty acids (FFAs), released from adipose tissue, can be used for triglyceride synthesis or broken down in response to energy demands. Peripheral insulin resistance, a predisposing factor for hepatic steatosis, enhances adi ...
![Metabolism of [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine by](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/002383503_1-555972945f32c24447774c3be1b0f14a-300x300.png)
Metabolism of [14C]glutamate and [14C]glutamine by
... synthase (GOGAT) is the major enzyme of glutamine degradation. In addition, the strong inhibition of glutamine utilization by AOA indicates that glutamine catabolism in P. involutus might involve a transamination process as an alternative pathway to GOGAT for glutamine degradation. The high l4CO, ev ...
... synthase (GOGAT) is the major enzyme of glutamine degradation. In addition, the strong inhibition of glutamine utilization by AOA indicates that glutamine catabolism in P. involutus might involve a transamination process as an alternative pathway to GOGAT for glutamine degradation. The high l4CO, ev ...
Fat Metabolism
... • Transport is rate-limiting • Regulation of carnitine acyl transferase – off by fat synth products – high NADH ...
... • Transport is rate-limiting • Regulation of carnitine acyl transferase – off by fat synth products – high NADH ...
Ketone body metabolism and cardiovascular disease - AJP
... in ketogenesis include lipolysis of fatty acids from triacylglycerols, transport to and across the hepatocyte plasma membrane, transport into mitochondria via allosterically regulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, the -oxidation spiral, and the hormonal regulators of these processes, predominan ...
... in ketogenesis include lipolysis of fatty acids from triacylglycerols, transport to and across the hepatocyte plasma membrane, transport into mitochondria via allosterically regulated carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, the -oxidation spiral, and the hormonal regulators of these processes, predominan ...
CHAPTER 2 Nitric oxide inhibits glycogen synthesis in - UvA-DARE
... Thee NO synthases catalyse the conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline and nitric oxidee (NO). NO is a short-lived metabolite with multiple biological activities (1). Amongg the many biological effects of NO is a modulation of multiple pathways in glucosee metabolism. In macrophages, NO synthase ...
... Thee NO synthases catalyse the conversion of L-arginine into L-citrulline and nitric oxidee (NO). NO is a short-lived metabolite with multiple biological activities (1). Amongg the many biological effects of NO is a modulation of multiple pathways in glucosee metabolism. In macrophages, NO synthase ...
universidade estadual de maringá metabolic alterations caused by
... The conclusion is allowed that the effects of usnic acid up to 2.5 M reflect predominantly its activity as an uncoupler. The observations corroborating uncoupling, which have also been traditionally reported for other uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, are: a) stimulation of oxygen consumptio ...
... The conclusion is allowed that the effects of usnic acid up to 2.5 M reflect predominantly its activity as an uncoupler. The observations corroborating uncoupling, which have also been traditionally reported for other uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, are: a) stimulation of oxygen consumptio ...
Noba Vital range - Noba Vital Plus, Noba Vital
... strengthening of the animal intestinal barrier and for the overall positive influence it has on animal physiology. Animals that are full of vitality are better armed against infection and illness, they have a more resilient immune system and they need less antibiotics. ...
... strengthening of the animal intestinal barrier and for the overall positive influence it has on animal physiology. Animals that are full of vitality are better armed against infection and illness, they have a more resilient immune system and they need less antibiotics. ...
Document
... Present in tissues and lipoproteins either as a free cholesterol or cholesteryl ester, Lipoproteins transport free cholesterol in the circulation, where it readily equilibrates with cholesterol in other lipoproteins and in membranes, Cholesteryl ester is a storage form of cholesterol in most tissues ...
... Present in tissues and lipoproteins either as a free cholesterol or cholesteryl ester, Lipoproteins transport free cholesterol in the circulation, where it readily equilibrates with cholesterol in other lipoproteins and in membranes, Cholesteryl ester is a storage form of cholesterol in most tissues ...
IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry (IOSR-JBB)
... The result showed during arsenic administration reduced the amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) which was compared with the normal control rats. GSH is very important in maintaining the cellular redox status. Depletion of this main non protein antioxidant in the cell GSH is considered a marker of ox ...
... The result showed during arsenic administration reduced the amount of reduced glutathione (GSH) which was compared with the normal control rats. GSH is very important in maintaining the cellular redox status. Depletion of this main non protein antioxidant in the cell GSH is considered a marker of ox ...
biochemical investigation into initiation of fatty acid synthesis in the
... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
... parasite T. brucei. In my dissertation, I addressed various aspects of the regulation of TbACC, which catalyzes the first committed step in FA synthesis. In the second chapter, I hypothesized that TbACC is regulated in response to environmental lipids. I examined changes in TbACC RNA, protein abunda ...
The semi-phosphorylative Entner–Doudoroff pathway in
... The phosphorylation of KDG by ATP was monitored by coupling the formation of KDPG with the reduction of NAD+ via KD(P)G aldolase and GAPN of T. tenax [32]. The standard assay was performed in 100 mM Hepes/KOH (pH 7.0, 70 ◦C) in the presence of KDG kinase (1.5 and 3 µg of T. tenax protein after gel f ...
... The phosphorylation of KDG by ATP was monitored by coupling the formation of KDPG with the reduction of NAD+ via KD(P)G aldolase and GAPN of T. tenax [32]. The standard assay was performed in 100 mM Hepes/KOH (pH 7.0, 70 ◦C) in the presence of KDG kinase (1.5 and 3 µg of T. tenax protein after gel f ...
Fatty Acids :biosynthesis
... • 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are favored over glucose by the renal cortex and cardiac muscle. ...
... • 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate are favored over glucose by the renal cortex and cardiac muscle. ...
MEDICAL GRAND ROUNDS PARKLAND
... The function of this glucagon response is thought to be that described above _, i.e . to facilitate incorporation of amino acids into protein by replacing glucose moving into tissues with amino acids . (If you eat potatoes with the beef, glucagon secretion is suppressed -- it obviously wouldn't be n ...
... The function of this glucagon response is thought to be that described above _, i.e . to facilitate incorporation of amino acids into protein by replacing glucose moving into tissues with amino acids . (If you eat potatoes with the beef, glucagon secretion is suppressed -- it obviously wouldn't be n ...
Document
... • Biotin is B7 vitamin & ATP is utilized in this step. • Recemase: • Recemase acts upon D-methyl malonyl CoA to give L-methyl malonyl CoA. • This reaction is essential for the entry of this compound into metabolic reactions of body. ...
... • Biotin is B7 vitamin & ATP is utilized in this step. • Recemase: • Recemase acts upon D-methyl malonyl CoA to give L-methyl malonyl CoA. • This reaction is essential for the entry of this compound into metabolic reactions of body. ...
9. Wakil, S. J., Green, DE, Mii, S., and Mahler, HR (1954) Studies on
... 6. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 mutant mice are protected against obesity and diabetes induced by high-fat/high carbohydrate diets. Fatty acid oxidation rates in the soleus muscle and in hepatocytes of Acc2-/- mice were significantly higher than those of WT cohorts and were not affected by the addition ...
... 6. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 mutant mice are protected against obesity and diabetes induced by high-fat/high carbohydrate diets. Fatty acid oxidation rates in the soleus muscle and in hepatocytes of Acc2-/- mice were significantly higher than those of WT cohorts and were not affected by the addition ...
Probing peroxisomal β-oxidation and the labelling of acetyl
... Livers perfused with [1-13 C]octanoate released acetate, the enrichment of which reached a higher plateau than that of total acetyl-CoA and of all the acetyl-CoA proxies measured (Figure 1). The profiles of acetate labelling were significantly higher than those of malonyl-CoA and the acetyl moiety o ...
... Livers perfused with [1-13 C]octanoate released acetate, the enrichment of which reached a higher plateau than that of total acetyl-CoA and of all the acetyl-CoA proxies measured (Figure 1). The profiles of acetate labelling were significantly higher than those of malonyl-CoA and the acetyl moiety o ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.