Identification of catalytically essential amino acid residues and immobilization Rumex
... specific activity of 145 U mg -1 protein. The indispensable role of arginine, lysine and tyrosine at the active site of the enzyme was demonstrated through chemical modification by 1,2-cyclohexanedione (CHD), trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and tetranitromethane (TNM), respectively. The three mo ...
... specific activity of 145 U mg -1 protein. The indispensable role of arginine, lysine and tyrosine at the active site of the enzyme was demonstrated through chemical modification by 1,2-cyclohexanedione (CHD), trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) and tetranitromethane (TNM), respectively. The three mo ...
Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver
... (17 kDa) is identical with calmodulin and confers on phosphorylase kinase activation by Ca#+. Unlike most calmodulinregulated enzymes, phosphorylase kinase retains its δ-subunit, even in the absence of Ca#+. The catalytic centre resides on the γ-subunit (45 kDa), which contains a kinase domain and a ...
... (17 kDa) is identical with calmodulin and confers on phosphorylase kinase activation by Ca#+. Unlike most calmodulinregulated enzymes, phosphorylase kinase retains its δ-subunit, even in the absence of Ca#+. The catalytic centre resides on the γ-subunit (45 kDa), which contains a kinase domain and a ...
Expression and activity of hexokinase in the early mouse embryo
... energy source is unable to support development until the 4— 8-cell stage (Brinster, 1965b; Brinster and Thomson, 1966) but becomes the main substrate at the blastocyst stage. The switch from pyruvate to glucose occurs at ~99 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration (Martin and Lees ...
... energy source is unable to support development until the 4— 8-cell stage (Brinster, 1965b; Brinster and Thomson, 1966) but becomes the main substrate at the blastocyst stage. The switch from pyruvate to glucose occurs at ~99 h after human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration (Martin and Lees ...
The Regulation of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthesis in Chloroplasts
... The enzymatic activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and acetyl-CoA synthe tase (ACS) have been compared in extracts of plastids isolated from spinach leaves and from both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-Co ...
... The enzymatic activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and acetyl-CoA synthe tase (ACS) have been compared in extracts of plastids isolated from spinach leaves and from both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-Co ...
Wax ester fermentation and fatty acid biosynthesis in the facultatively
... nutrients such as glucose, undergo a series of transfers along the respiratory enzyme complexes. The electrons release energy by each transfer among the transport chain towards oxygen which serves as terminal electron acceptor. The energy released by the transfer among the transport chain, localized ...
... nutrients such as glucose, undergo a series of transfers along the respiratory enzyme complexes. The electrons release energy by each transfer among the transport chain towards oxygen which serves as terminal electron acceptor. The energy released by the transfer among the transport chain, localized ...
Involvement of Polyamine Catabolism in the Regulation of Glucose
... Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous low molecular weight amines that are positively charged under physiological conditions. Homeostatic control of intracellular polyamine levels is achieved by regulating the synthesis, catabolism and transport of these molecules. Spermidi ...
... Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous low molecular weight amines that are positively charged under physiological conditions. Homeostatic control of intracellular polyamine levels is achieved by regulating the synthesis, catabolism and transport of these molecules. Spermidi ...
The Regulation of Acetyl Coenzyme A Synthesis in Chloroplasts
... The enzymatic activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and acetyl-CoA synthe tase (ACS) have been compared in extracts of plastids isolated from spinach leaves and from both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-Co ...
... The enzymatic activities of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) and acetyl-CoA synthe tase (ACS) have been compared in extracts of plastids isolated from spinach leaves and from both green and etiolated pea seedlings. A ll plastid preparations were shown to be capable of synthesizing acetyl-Co ...
Lewis 1..13 - Gerszten Lab
... Less is known about effects of exercise on the relative intramuscular and plasma concentrations of other classes of metabolites. For example, skeletal muscle biopsies have demonstrated rapid expansion of span 2 tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in response to exercise (9, 12), which augme ...
... Less is known about effects of exercise on the relative intramuscular and plasma concentrations of other classes of metabolites. For example, skeletal muscle biopsies have demonstrated rapid expansion of span 2 tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates in response to exercise (9, 12), which augme ...
An in Silico Liver: Model of Gluconeogenesis
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
... interplay between gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and alcohol metabolism in the fasted rat liver. Biochemical pathways are represented by key kinetic reactions that include allosteric and substrates effectors, and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation enzymes regulation. The model also incorporates t ...
Stimulation of glycolysis in anaerobic elongation of pondweed
... there is almost no elongation in air. The anaerobic elongation was accompanied by a decrease in dry weights of stem segments, mainly due to consumption of storage starch in the amyloplasts of stem cells. On the other hand, total contents of amino acids increased in stem segments, in which contents o ...
... there is almost no elongation in air. The anaerobic elongation was accompanied by a decrease in dry weights of stem segments, mainly due to consumption of storage starch in the amyloplasts of stem cells. On the other hand, total contents of amino acids increased in stem segments, in which contents o ...
Isolation and Fractionation 2
... Although this technique separates mitochondria from lysosomes, both fractions tend to be contaminated by peroxisomes as judged by the distribution of catalase activity. Selective Modification of the Density of Lysosomes The size and density of these organelles can be selectively modified by 'indige ...
... Although this technique separates mitochondria from lysosomes, both fractions tend to be contaminated by peroxisomes as judged by the distribution of catalase activity. Selective Modification of the Density of Lysosomes The size and density of these organelles can be selectively modified by 'indige ...
PAS kinase is required for normal cellular energy
... Previously, PASK was shown to be required for the induction of preproinsulin promoter activity by high glucose concentrations in cultured Min-6 -cells (16). To examine GSIS in PASK⫺/⫺ mice, we measured plasma insulin levels before and after an intraperitoneal glucose injection. As shown in Fig. 1A, ...
... Previously, PASK was shown to be required for the induction of preproinsulin promoter activity by high glucose concentrations in cultured Min-6 -cells (16). To examine GSIS in PASK⫺/⫺ mice, we measured plasma insulin levels before and after an intraperitoneal glucose injection. As shown in Fig. 1A, ...
Pyruvate dehydrogenase and the regulation of glucose oxidation in
... Objective: Coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis is lower in hypertrophied than in non-hypertrophied hearts, contributing to the compromised mechanical performance of hypertrophied hearts. Here, we describe studies to test the hypothesis that low coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis in ...
... Objective: Coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis is lower in hypertrophied than in non-hypertrophied hearts, contributing to the compromised mechanical performance of hypertrophied hearts. Here, we describe studies to test the hypothesis that low coupling of glucose oxidation to glycolysis in ...
Fasting induces ketoacidosis and hypothermia in PDHK2/PDHK4
... many tissues by fasting and diabetes [12] and transcription of its gene is regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone and fatty acids [16,17]. Inactivation of the PDH complex by phosphorylation helps to maintain euglycaemia during fasting, but contributes to hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diab ...
... many tissues by fasting and diabetes [12] and transcription of its gene is regulated by insulin, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone and fatty acids [16,17]. Inactivation of the PDH complex by phosphorylation helps to maintain euglycaemia during fasting, but contributes to hyperglycaemia in Type 2 diab ...
Student notes in ppt
... The three other major sites of steroid synthesis are the ovaries in females (estrogen), testes in males (testosterone), and the corpus luteum in pregnant females (progesterone). Importantly, the adrenal glands also synthesizes androgens, which is how females acquire testosterone for estradiol produc ...
... The three other major sites of steroid synthesis are the ovaries in females (estrogen), testes in males (testosterone), and the corpus luteum in pregnant females (progesterone). Importantly, the adrenal glands also synthesizes androgens, which is how females acquire testosterone for estradiol produc ...
as a PDF
... contains glutamine synthetase. This offers the possibility that ammonium recycling can occur along the proximal tubule. Regulation of renal ammoniagenesis and ammonium transport In vivo, net renal glutamine uptake can be observed only in metabolic acidosis, whereas under normal acid base conditions ...
... contains glutamine synthetase. This offers the possibility that ammonium recycling can occur along the proximal tubule. Regulation of renal ammoniagenesis and ammonium transport In vivo, net renal glutamine uptake can be observed only in metabolic acidosis, whereas under normal acid base conditions ...
Effects of Oxygen Supply and Mixed Sugar Concentration on D
... accordance with an increase in agitation speed. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content considerably affected the flux distribution between glucose and D-ribose. A transketolase-deficient B. pumilis produced a higher concentration of D-ribose using ...
... accordance with an increase in agitation speed. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content considerably affected the flux distribution between glucose and D-ribose. A transketolase-deficient B. pumilis produced a higher concentration of D-ribose using ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesis focuses on the interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, particularl ...
... Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesis focuses on the interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, particularl ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesis focuses on the interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, particularl ...
... Oxidizable substrates include carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Cells are also capable of synthesizing these three types of substrates. The processes of oxidation and synthesis are ingeniously regulated. This thesis focuses on the interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, particularl ...
Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on
... oxidation from ATP synthesis and is thought to account for up to 20% of the mammalian standard metabolic rate (Brand, 1990; Brand et al., 1999; Rolfe et al., 1999). The mechanisms responsible for proton leak remain poorly understood, but proton leak decreases as temperature decreases (Chamberlin, 20 ...
... oxidation from ATP synthesis and is thought to account for up to 20% of the mammalian standard metabolic rate (Brand, 1990; Brand et al., 1999; Rolfe et al., 1999). The mechanisms responsible for proton leak remain poorly understood, but proton leak decreases as temperature decreases (Chamberlin, 20 ...
Different lipid A types in lipopolysaccharides of phototrophic and
... lipid A and lipopolysaccharide analyses do not only confirm the recently proposed taxonomical division, but also support the phylogenetical relationship proposed by the 16S rRNA catalogues. (2) Phylogenetical relatedness is also suggested between the phototrophic Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter ...
... lipid A and lipopolysaccharide analyses do not only confirm the recently proposed taxonomical division, but also support the phylogenetical relationship proposed by the 16S rRNA catalogues. (2) Phylogenetical relatedness is also suggested between the phototrophic Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Rhodobacter ...
The Biochemistry of Malic Acid Metabolism by Wine Yeasts
... A number of yeast species found in wine, e.g. S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, S. pombe van malidevorans and Z bailii, can utilise TCA cycle intermediates while growing on glucose (Thornton and Rodriques, 1996). Strains of 5. pombe and Z bailii can degrade high concentrations of L-malate, but only if glucos ...
... A number of yeast species found in wine, e.g. S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, S. pombe van malidevorans and Z bailii, can utilise TCA cycle intermediates while growing on glucose (Thornton and Rodriques, 1996). Strains of 5. pombe and Z bailii can degrade high concentrations of L-malate, but only if glucos ...
Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism and the Role of PPAR
... systemic responses to fasting. These animals rapidly became hypoglycemic after food deprivation and fail to activate hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during fasting [15,18,19]. Among various endogenous PPARα agonists, long chain fatty acids and their derivatives such as acyl-CoA ester or ...
... systemic responses to fasting. These animals rapidly became hypoglycemic after food deprivation and fail to activate hepatic fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis during fasting [15,18,19]. Among various endogenous PPARα agonists, long chain fatty acids and their derivatives such as acyl-CoA ester or ...
The Endogenous Citric Acid-Cycle Intermediates and Amino Acids
... solution at 600. This solution was used for one of the following specific methods of estimation. Succinate and fumarate were measured by a method of W. Bartley & B. Notton not published previously. The method involved the conversion of the two compounds into malate by the use of succinoxidase and fu ...
... solution at 600. This solution was used for one of the following specific methods of estimation. Succinate and fumarate were measured by a method of W. Bartley & B. Notton not published previously. The method involved the conversion of the two compounds into malate by the use of succinoxidase and fu ...
AMP-activated protein kinase and metabolic control - HAL
... risk of developing this disease by >20-fold (Willett et al. 1999). Although these conditions clearly have a genetic component, as indicated by the high prevalence in certain ethnic group, the rapid increase in the prevalence of these conditions in populations throughout the world suggests the contri ...
... risk of developing this disease by >20-fold (Willett et al. 1999). Although these conditions clearly have a genetic component, as indicated by the high prevalence in certain ethnic group, the rapid increase in the prevalence of these conditions in populations throughout the world suggests the contri ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Glyceroneogenesis is a metabolic pathway which synthesizes glycerol 3-phosphate or triglyceride from precursors other than glucose. Usually glycerol 3-phosphate is generated from glucose by glycolysis, but when glucose concentration drops in the cytosol, it is generated by another pathway called glyceroneogenesis. Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phophate. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPC-K), which is an enzyme that catalyses the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is the main regulator for this pathway. Glyceroneogenesis can be observed in adipose tissue and also liver. It is a significant biochemical pathway which regulates cytosolic lipid levels. Intense suppression of glyceroneogenesis may lead to metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes.