Chapter 21
... the right; that is, drive the hydrolysis of glycogen. • To provide an alternative pathway for the synthesis of glycogen, even in the presence of excess phosphate: ...
... the right; that is, drive the hydrolysis of glycogen. • To provide an alternative pathway for the synthesis of glycogen, even in the presence of excess phosphate: ...
Dominant Dietary Fatty Acids
... Slide on Dominant Dietary Fatty Acids Peroxisome – 20 C fatty acids that don’t enter mitochondrial oxidation…18 C can enter it o In times of need, structural (long) can be β-oxidized (shortened down) and shunted to break down to get energy (?) Mechanism of fat synthesis o Conversion to fat Excess ...
... Slide on Dominant Dietary Fatty Acids Peroxisome – 20 C fatty acids that don’t enter mitochondrial oxidation…18 C can enter it o In times of need, structural (long) can be β-oxidized (shortened down) and shunted to break down to get energy (?) Mechanism of fat synthesis o Conversion to fat Excess ...
Biochemistry - ScienceGeek.net
... together, water is released as the carboxyl end of one amino acid bonds to the amine end of the adjacent one forming a peptide bond, as illustrated at the left. Because water is lost, the process is called: Condensation synthesis, or… Condensation polymerization ...
... together, water is released as the carboxyl end of one amino acid bonds to the amine end of the adjacent one forming a peptide bond, as illustrated at the left. Because water is lost, the process is called: Condensation synthesis, or… Condensation polymerization ...
Document
... 3. complete oxidation of glycerol yields 18 ATP molecules iii. The fatty acid chains 1. Are broken apart into 2 carbon acetic acid fragments (Betaoxidation) 2. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetic acid fragments forming Acetyl CoA 3. Enters the Krebs cycle 4. Complete oxidation yields ~54 ATP ...
... 3. complete oxidation of glycerol yields 18 ATP molecules iii. The fatty acid chains 1. Are broken apart into 2 carbon acetic acid fragments (Betaoxidation) 2. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetic acid fragments forming Acetyl CoA 3. Enters the Krebs cycle 4. Complete oxidation yields ~54 ATP ...
Cell Metabolism
... 3. complete oxidation of glycerol yields 18 ATP molecules iii. The fatty acid chains 1. Are broken apart into 2 carbon acetic acid fragments (Betaoxidation) 2. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetic acid fragments forming Acetyl CoA 3. Enters the Krebs cycle 4. Complete oxidation yields ~54 ATP ...
... 3. complete oxidation of glycerol yields 18 ATP molecules iii. The fatty acid chains 1. Are broken apart into 2 carbon acetic acid fragments (Betaoxidation) 2. Coenzyme A is attached to the acetic acid fragments forming Acetyl CoA 3. Enters the Krebs cycle 4. Complete oxidation yields ~54 ATP ...
Document
... even at high blood glucose levels. If β-cells had GLUT transporters with a Km lower or nearly equal to that of fasting blood glucose levels, the transporters would be easily saturated and unable to deliver increasing amounts of glucose to these cells when glucose levels are high, such as after a mea ...
... even at high blood glucose levels. If β-cells had GLUT transporters with a Km lower or nearly equal to that of fasting blood glucose levels, the transporters would be easily saturated and unable to deliver increasing amounts of glucose to these cells when glucose levels are high, such as after a mea ...
Role of Adipose Tissue in Lipid Metabolism
... A carbohydrate- rich meal, the liver converts part of the absorbed sugar into triglycerides. The liver reesterifies the free fatty acid, released from adipose tissue or resulting from the hydroysis of absorbed fats during fasting and after feeding of fat, into triacylglycerol. ...
... A carbohydrate- rich meal, the liver converts part of the absorbed sugar into triglycerides. The liver reesterifies the free fatty acid, released from adipose tissue or resulting from the hydroysis of absorbed fats during fasting and after feeding of fat, into triacylglycerol. ...
Blood Glucose
... 3. Growth hormone: Stimulates the release of glucagon hormone and also inhibits glucose uptake by tissues. 4. Thyroxin: It increases glucose absorption from the intestine, glycogenolysis and glucose uptake by cells. The net result is a rise in blood glucose level. ...
... 3. Growth hormone: Stimulates the release of glucagon hormone and also inhibits glucose uptake by tissues. 4. Thyroxin: It increases glucose absorption from the intestine, glycogenolysis and glucose uptake by cells. The net result is a rise in blood glucose level. ...
Macromolecules
... Instant / immediate energy source Main energy transport molecule & source for metabolism All digested carbohydrates broken down to this for absorption in the small intestine. Only fuel used by the brain/nervous tissue ...
... Instant / immediate energy source Main energy transport molecule & source for metabolism All digested carbohydrates broken down to this for absorption in the small intestine. Only fuel used by the brain/nervous tissue ...
Exam 3: Biochem 2 Fill in the Blank
... a. We synthesis FA to store energy i. Fats have ____more_________ (more/less) kcal per gram than carbohydrate and proteins ii. Locations were fats are made________Liver_________ and _______adipocytes________ 1. Due to the increased NADPH made in these cells during the shunt iii. Location in the cell ...
... a. We synthesis FA to store energy i. Fats have ____more_________ (more/less) kcal per gram than carbohydrate and proteins ii. Locations were fats are made________Liver_________ and _______adipocytes________ 1. Due to the increased NADPH made in these cells during the shunt iii. Location in the cell ...
Biochemistry - Bonham Chemistry
... • Step 2: Oxidation of aldehyde to a carboxylic acid • Step 3: Formation of acetyl CoA • Step 4: Reoxidation of the lipoamide cofactor • Step 5: Regeneration of the oxidized FAD cofactor ...
... • Step 2: Oxidation of aldehyde to a carboxylic acid • Step 3: Formation of acetyl CoA • Step 4: Reoxidation of the lipoamide cofactor • Step 5: Regeneration of the oxidized FAD cofactor ...
Supplemental notes in pdf
... decline, the muscle tissue becomes more dependent on fatty acids released from adipose tissue, and on ketone bodies produced in the liver, to maintain the high rates of ATP synthesis needed for contraction. Muscle cells lack fatty acid synthase and glucose-6-phosphatase which means that they can nei ...
... decline, the muscle tissue becomes more dependent on fatty acids released from adipose tissue, and on ketone bodies produced in the liver, to maintain the high rates of ATP synthesis needed for contraction. Muscle cells lack fatty acid synthase and glucose-6-phosphatase which means that they can nei ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... AMP concentration is more sensitive indicator of cell’s energetic state than is [ATP] AMP-activated protein kinase - regulated by [AMP] - A reduced nutrient supply or by increase exercise cause the rise in [AMP] - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress ener ...
... AMP concentration is more sensitive indicator of cell’s energetic state than is [ATP] AMP-activated protein kinase - regulated by [AMP] - A reduced nutrient supply or by increase exercise cause the rise in [AMP] - increase glucose uptake, activates glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation - suppress ener ...
Chapter 3 Review Questions
... 2. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain the elements ____carbon__________, __hydrogen__________, and ________oxygen_________. 3. Proteins are made of ___amino acids________________ 4. __polynucleotides or nucleic acids____________ are made of nucleotides. 5. Examples of lipids include _____fats/oil ...
... 2. Carbohydrates and lipids both contain the elements ____carbon__________, __hydrogen__________, and ________oxygen_________. 3. Proteins are made of ___amino acids________________ 4. __polynucleotides or nucleic acids____________ are made of nucleotides. 5. Examples of lipids include _____fats/oil ...
Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the
... Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the body as a whole. The reserve is not large. In fact, the reserve is virtually exhausted in 24 hours. In such an animal the continuing requirement for glucose is satisfied by gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrat ...
... Liver glycogen constitutes a reserve of glucose for the body as a whole. The reserve is not large. In fact, the reserve is virtually exhausted in 24 hours. In such an animal the continuing requirement for glucose is satisfied by gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrat ...
Macromolecules of Life
... Lipids have more __C-H bonds__ than carbohydrates (More Energy) Lipid molecules are made up of 2 parts: __glycerol__ and __fatty acid tails_ Lipids are broken down during ___digestion___ Lipids are __stored_ for later use or used as _fuel___ for cellular respiration. ...
... Lipids have more __C-H bonds__ than carbohydrates (More Energy) Lipid molecules are made up of 2 parts: __glycerol__ and __fatty acid tails_ Lipids are broken down during ___digestion___ Lipids are __stored_ for later use or used as _fuel___ for cellular respiration. ...
nucleic acid - 4J Blog Server
... • The cellular functions of lipids. • How the sequence and subcomponents of lipids determine their properties. • The basic structure of a nucleic acid. ...
... • The cellular functions of lipids. • How the sequence and subcomponents of lipids determine their properties. • The basic structure of a nucleic acid. ...
Mitochondrial Inputs - School of Applied Physiology
... fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Except for these steps, glycolysis ...
... fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Except for these steps, glycolysis ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.