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... First, it activates the enzyme hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose, trapping it within the cell. Coincidently, insulin acts to inhibit the activity of glucose6-phosphatase. Insulin also activates several of the enzymes that are directly involved in glycogen synthesis, including phosphofructokin ...
... First, it activates the enzyme hexokinase, which phosphorylates glucose, trapping it within the cell. Coincidently, insulin acts to inhibit the activity of glucose6-phosphatase. Insulin also activates several of the enzymes that are directly involved in glycogen synthesis, including phosphofructokin ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... De novo synthesis of FAs In mammals fatty acid synthesis occurs primarily in the cytosol of the liver and adipose tissues .It also occurs in mammary glands during lactation. Acetyl-CoA is the starting material for FA synthesis. However, most acetyl-CoA in mitochondria(from the breakdown of suga ...
... De novo synthesis of FAs In mammals fatty acid synthesis occurs primarily in the cytosol of the liver and adipose tissues .It also occurs in mammary glands during lactation. Acetyl-CoA is the starting material for FA synthesis. However, most acetyl-CoA in mitochondria(from the breakdown of suga ...
Appendix B HISS Codes for Metabolic Investigations
... early medical management. A dialogue with the department is encouraged and may expedite more complex investigations. General laboratory requirements are covered in LF_HAND_001 Notes for guidance of staff using the biochemical services (non-metabolic investigations). This includes general information ...
... early medical management. A dialogue with the department is encouraged and may expedite more complex investigations. General laboratory requirements are covered in LF_HAND_001 Notes for guidance of staff using the biochemical services (non-metabolic investigations). This includes general information ...
Ch 30 reading guide
... in which branched amino acid nitrogen is incorporated into the amino acid ___________________, then to the amino acid _____________________ for transport through the blood to the liver. 6. Another carrier of nitrogen is the amino acid ________________________, which is made when ammonia is incorpora ...
... in which branched amino acid nitrogen is incorporated into the amino acid ___________________, then to the amino acid _____________________ for transport through the blood to the liver. 6. Another carrier of nitrogen is the amino acid ________________________, which is made when ammonia is incorpora ...
UNIT 11. CATABOLISM OF GLUCOSE • Aerobic glycolysis: scheme
... Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It occurs in fasting conditions and maintains normal blood glucose level. (Remember that glucose is universal fuel for human cells; if blood glucose decreases, tissues that depend on glucose would suffer from a lack of ener ...
... Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors. It occurs in fasting conditions and maintains normal blood glucose level. (Remember that glucose is universal fuel for human cells; if blood glucose decreases, tissues that depend on glucose would suffer from a lack of ener ...
Cellular Respiration
... • The energy needed is provided by the breakdown of sugars in food to form ATP (cellular respiration) • CR requires Oxygen, but after some time cells are unable to provide the needed amount of oxygen, and lactic acid fermentation occurs. • When lactic acid builds up, the muscles feel sore and fatigu ...
... • The energy needed is provided by the breakdown of sugars in food to form ATP (cellular respiration) • CR requires Oxygen, but after some time cells are unable to provide the needed amount of oxygen, and lactic acid fermentation occurs. • When lactic acid builds up, the muscles feel sore and fatigu ...
BODY CONDITION SCORING
... time 48-72 hours Fiber digesters most active pH of 6.2-6.8 Starch digesters prefer pH 5.2 ...
... time 48-72 hours Fiber digesters most active pH of 6.2-6.8 Starch digesters prefer pH 5.2 ...
cellular respiration
... will be harvested—no further ATP is produced. • This process is referred to as anaerobic respiration. • Pyruvate is converted via an anaerobic pathway to either lactic acid (in most animals) or alcohol and carbon dioxide (in most plants, and in microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria). • Fermentat ...
... will be harvested—no further ATP is produced. • This process is referred to as anaerobic respiration. • Pyruvate is converted via an anaerobic pathway to either lactic acid (in most animals) or alcohol and carbon dioxide (in most plants, and in microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria). • Fermentat ...
IDA REGISTERED DIETITIAN EXAMINATION
... i) Holes in Swiss cheese are due to ____________________ microbe j) Controlled fermentation of pickles is due to _______________ bacteria. (10 x 1 = 10 marks) 2. State whether the following statements are “True” or “False”. a) Fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase needs FAD as a cofactor. b) Aspartic acid is ...
... i) Holes in Swiss cheese are due to ____________________ microbe j) Controlled fermentation of pickles is due to _______________ bacteria. (10 x 1 = 10 marks) 2. State whether the following statements are “True” or “False”. a) Fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenase needs FAD as a cofactor. b) Aspartic acid is ...
Molecules - Chapter 2
... acids they make the cis forms Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer “shelf ...
... acids they make the cis forms Food manufacturers found that foods like chips with the trans form have a longer “shelf ...
ATP
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Acetyl CoA carries acetyl groups, 2carbon remnants of the nutrients • Acetyl CoA enters the citric acid cycle – Electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested – Acetyl group is oxidized to produce CO2 – Electrons and hydrogen atoms harvested are used to produce ATP during oxidative phosphorylation ...
Assignment No: One (1) Student details: Chebo
... Saturated fatty acids are fats that contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms, so it is saturated with hydrogen. This is the technical terminology. The important thing to remember is that saturated fatty acids are fats that cannot break down in the body and therefore, collect in places in the ...
... Saturated fatty acids are fats that contain no double bonds between the carbon atoms, so it is saturated with hydrogen. This is the technical terminology. The important thing to remember is that saturated fatty acids are fats that cannot break down in the body and therefore, collect in places in the ...
Lec 3: Carbohydrate metabolism
... use glucose as their sole or primary energy source, but they lack the enzymatic machinery to synthesize it. Liver and kidney cortex are the primary gluconeogenic tissues. ...
... use glucose as their sole or primary energy source, but they lack the enzymatic machinery to synthesize it. Liver and kidney cortex are the primary gluconeogenic tissues. ...
Enzyme and metabolic pathway lecture 2
... 65. For each 18 C fatty acid chain: Shows the first steps to determine the amount of ATP produced. 1) If you have an 18 carbon fatty acid chain, it will produce 9 acetyl coA (remember, each acetyl coA contains 2 carbons, so you divide 18/2 = 9. The acetyl coA in a fatty acid are linked by 9-1 bonds ...
... 65. For each 18 C fatty acid chain: Shows the first steps to determine the amount of ATP produced. 1) If you have an 18 carbon fatty acid chain, it will produce 9 acetyl coA (remember, each acetyl coA contains 2 carbons, so you divide 18/2 = 9. The acetyl coA in a fatty acid are linked by 9-1 bonds ...
Bio 20 – Cellular Respiration Quiz
... c) are free of oxygen d) are exposed to light 8. What occurs during the process of aerobic cellular respiration? a) carbon dioxide and water combine to form glucose b) glucose is broken down into alcohol and carbon dioxide c) water and adenosine triphosphate react to produce glucose and energy d) ox ...
... c) are free of oxygen d) are exposed to light 8. What occurs during the process of aerobic cellular respiration? a) carbon dioxide and water combine to form glucose b) glucose is broken down into alcohol and carbon dioxide c) water and adenosine triphosphate react to produce glucose and energy d) ox ...
13 cellular respiration
... - yields far less ATP per glucose: about 2 ATP net vs. up to 38 ATP because it doesn’t cash in e- via Krebs and ETC. - several points suggest glycolysis is oldest energy path: ~ not in mitochondrion ~ life predates atmospheric O2 by 0.8 billion years ~ most widespread metabolic pathway ...
... - yields far less ATP per glucose: about 2 ATP net vs. up to 38 ATP because it doesn’t cash in e- via Krebs and ETC. - several points suggest glycolysis is oldest energy path: ~ not in mitochondrion ~ life predates atmospheric O2 by 0.8 billion years ~ most widespread metabolic pathway ...
The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules 1. Polymers What are Polymers?
... vertebrate blood, transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes. ...
... vertebrate blood, transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes. ...
Liver
... functions as a filter to protect the body from harmful substances and is responsible for the production and use of most nutrients. Therefore, everything that is ingested has an effect on the liver—some positive, some negative. That’s why it is advisable for people to eat foods with an eye towards pr ...
... functions as a filter to protect the body from harmful substances and is responsible for the production and use of most nutrients. Therefore, everything that is ingested has an effect on the liver—some positive, some negative. That’s why it is advisable for people to eat foods with an eye towards pr ...
Document
... subjects who also have high LDL cholesterol * Decision for treatment of high LDL before elevated triglyceride is based on clinical trial data indicating safety as well as efficacy of the available agents. ...
... subjects who also have high LDL cholesterol * Decision for treatment of high LDL before elevated triglyceride is based on clinical trial data indicating safety as well as efficacy of the available agents. ...
Isoenzymes and Other Markers
... It is distributed in a large number of tissues even in the skeletal muscle. Since it has a short duration, it cannot be used for late diagnosis of acute MI but can be used to suggest infarct extension if levels rise again. This is usually back to normal within 2–3 days. • Peak in 10 – 24 hours ...
... It is distributed in a large number of tissues even in the skeletal muscle. Since it has a short duration, it cannot be used for late diagnosis of acute MI but can be used to suggest infarct extension if levels rise again. This is usually back to normal within 2–3 days. • Peak in 10 – 24 hours ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... 1- It occurs in only 1 person per 200,000 and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. 2- Symptoms include : Fasting hypoglycemia, because the liver cannot release enough glucose by means of glycogenolysis; only the free glucose from debranching enzyme activity is available. 3- Lactic academi ...
... 1- It occurs in only 1 person per 200,000 and is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. 2- Symptoms include : Fasting hypoglycemia, because the liver cannot release enough glucose by means of glycogenolysis; only the free glucose from debranching enzyme activity is available. 3- Lactic academi ...
GLYCOLYSIS GLUCONEOGENESIS
... represents a catabolic process; moving from narrow to broad represents an anabolic process. ...
... represents a catabolic process; moving from narrow to broad represents an anabolic process. ...
Slide 1
... Cheaper than sucrose due to import tariffs on sugar cane and/or sucrose Used because fructose is sweeter than glucose No difference between HFCS and sucrose in terms of satisfaction and health effects?? ...
... Cheaper than sucrose due to import tariffs on sugar cane and/or sucrose Used because fructose is sweeter than glucose No difference between HFCS and sucrose in terms of satisfaction and health effects?? ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.