Evolution leads to Kantian morality - Society for the Advancement of
... would use the same strategy as the individual uses. For evolutionary stability the weights must exactly re‡ect the assortativity pro…le. Furthermore, and this is the second main result, any preferences that lead to equilibrium behaviors that di¤er from those of homo moralis are evolutionarily unstab ...
... would use the same strategy as the individual uses. For evolutionary stability the weights must exactly re‡ect the assortativity pro…le. Furthermore, and this is the second main result, any preferences that lead to equilibrium behaviors that di¤er from those of homo moralis are evolutionarily unstab ...
evolution of increased resistance in hosts Experimental
... that decreases in parasite-induced mortality and morbidity should drive the evolution of decreased resistance—because investing resources in resistance comes at the expense of investment in other fitness-related traits [10,11]. Supporting these ideas, resistance –fecundity trade-offs have been docum ...
... that decreases in parasite-induced mortality and morbidity should drive the evolution of decreased resistance—because investing resources in resistance comes at the expense of investment in other fitness-related traits [10,11]. Supporting these ideas, resistance –fecundity trade-offs have been docum ...
Molecular evolution and the latitudinal
... yields clearly testable predictions, but has been heavily contested since its origin (Algar et al., 2007; Hawkins et al., 2007a,b; De Castro and Gaedke, 2008; Irlich et al., 2009). Unexpectedly, elevated rates of molecular evolution in the tropics compared with temperate regions have also been obser ...
... yields clearly testable predictions, but has been heavily contested since its origin (Algar et al., 2007; Hawkins et al., 2007a,b; De Castro and Gaedke, 2008; Irlich et al., 2009). Unexpectedly, elevated rates of molecular evolution in the tropics compared with temperate regions have also been obser ...
Unifying Biology: The Evolutionary Synthesis and
... no unified science of biology."2 So formidable was this task, that the hope of ever formulating a unified biological society representing a unified science of biology appeared to have been largely abandoned by 1923. By the early 1950s, however, the organization of biological knowledge had been great ...
... no unified science of biology."2 So formidable was this task, that the hope of ever formulating a unified biological society representing a unified science of biology appeared to have been largely abandoned by 1923. By the early 1950s, however, the organization of biological knowledge had been great ...
Abstract The platypus is one of Earth`s most perplexing
... other reptilian traits. But evolution does not make sense, and is instead idiosyncratic, acting only on whatever variation exists at a certain time. The variation that led to venom development existed only after reptiles and monotremes split, and thus the venoms developed independently of each other ...
... other reptilian traits. But evolution does not make sense, and is instead idiosyncratic, acting only on whatever variation exists at a certain time. The variation that led to venom development existed only after reptiles and monotremes split, and thus the venoms developed independently of each other ...
On Recent Trends in the Anthropology of Foragers: Kalahari
... problematic nature of positing such equivalence between past and present foragers. Lee decided to study foragers in Afiica, and not elsewhere, because he thought he could find there the 'actual ... environment occupied by early man' (1976: lo), implying at least a broad identification of the forager ...
... problematic nature of positing such equivalence between past and present foragers. Lee decided to study foragers in Afiica, and not elsewhere, because he thought he could find there the 'actual ... environment occupied by early man' (1976: lo), implying at least a broad identification of the forager ...
Different Evolutionary Paths to Complexity for Small and
... asexual organisms. Digital evolution has a long history of addressing macroevolutionary questions (such as the evolution of novel traits) experimentally [38, 39]. Digital evolution makes it possible to manipulate an evolving population in ways populations of biochemical organisms can not, in order t ...
... asexual organisms. Digital evolution has a long history of addressing macroevolutionary questions (such as the evolution of novel traits) experimentally [38, 39]. Digital evolution makes it possible to manipulate an evolving population in ways populations of biochemical organisms can not, in order t ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Chapter Notes Article
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
Evolution and Natural Selection Chapter Notes Article
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
... One benefit to conducting research on fruit flies is that they have very short lives—they reach maturity at about two weeks of age and live for one month, on average. An experiment such as this one can be continued for many generations. After 60 generations of allowing the flies that are “best” at s ...
Adaptation and Evolutionary Theory
... A note on defining is needed. Definitions are occurrence in nature is controversial. One could often thought to be of two kinds, descriptive and speak of an abstract theory of evolution which stipulative. (See, for example, I-Iempel (1966), covers natural selection, group selection and even chapter ...
... A note on defining is needed. Definitions are occurrence in nature is controversial. One could often thought to be of two kinds, descriptive and speak of an abstract theory of evolution which stipulative. (See, for example, I-Iempel (1966), covers natural selection, group selection and even chapter ...
Honey, I shrunk the organization: in search of
... because they may refine, combine or otherwise modify them with other memes to create new memes, they can change over time. Dawkins defined the meme as a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation and replication, but later definitions would vary. Memes, analogously to genes, vary in their ...
... because they may refine, combine or otherwise modify them with other memes to create new memes, they can change over time. Dawkins defined the meme as a unit of cultural transmission, or a unit of imitation and replication, but later definitions would vary. Memes, analogously to genes, vary in their ...
Neutral Biogeography and the Evolution of Climatic Niches
... niches are often measured as species’ mean position over continuous environmental gradients (e.g., Hof et al. 2010; Pyron and Burbrink 2012). This choice is usually made because it enables climatic niches to be characterized in a broad sense without the practical difficulty to obtain physiological e ...
... niches are often measured as species’ mean position over continuous environmental gradients (e.g., Hof et al. 2010; Pyron and Burbrink 2012). This choice is usually made because it enables climatic niches to be characterized in a broad sense without the practical difficulty to obtain physiological e ...
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... x) Mary Anning (1799-1847), an amateur geologist and famous “fossilist”, unknowingly contributed significantly to the field of paleontology by discovering hundreds of fossils including the first complete fossil of an Ichthyosaurus. III. The Discovery of Natural Selection a) Charles Darwin (1809-1882 ...
... x) Mary Anning (1799-1847), an amateur geologist and famous “fossilist”, unknowingly contributed significantly to the field of paleontology by discovering hundreds of fossils including the first complete fossil of an Ichthyosaurus. III. The Discovery of Natural Selection a) Charles Darwin (1809-1882 ...
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... x) Mary Anning (1799-1847), an amateur geologist and famous “fossilist”, unknowingly contributed significantly to the field of paleontology by discovering hundreds of fossils including the first complete fossil of an Ichthyosaurus. III. The Discovery of Natural Selection a) Charles Darwin (1809-1882 ...
... x) Mary Anning (1799-1847), an amateur geologist and famous “fossilist”, unknowingly contributed significantly to the field of paleontology by discovering hundreds of fossils including the first complete fossil of an Ichthyosaurus. III. The Discovery of Natural Selection a) Charles Darwin (1809-1882 ...
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... c) The mechanisms of evolution are complex, and many people do not understand them. i) Many are not comfortable with the principles of biology and genetics and have little scientific background. ii) Most Americans are raised in belief systems that do not emphasize the biological continuity between l ...
... c) The mechanisms of evolution are complex, and many people do not understand them. i) Many are not comfortable with the principles of biology and genetics and have little scientific background. ii) Most Americans are raised in belief systems that do not emphasize the biological continuity between l ...
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... Full file at http://testbankwizard.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Physical-Anthropology-20132014-Edition-14th-Edition-by-Jurmain iii) Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) a French naturalist (a.k.a. Comte de Buffon) stressed the importance of change in the universe and the dynamics between ...
... Full file at http://testbankwizard.eu/Test-Bank-for-Introduction-to-Physical-Anthropology-20132014-Edition-14th-Edition-by-Jurmain iii) Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon (1707-1788) a French naturalist (a.k.a. Comte de Buffon) stressed the importance of change in the universe and the dynamics between ...
IR theory, historical materialism, and the false promise of
... “Critical Marxists (or Hegelianizers) conceive of Marxism as critique rather than science; they stress the continuity of Marx with Hegel, the importance of the young Marx, the ongoing significance of the young Marx’s emphasis on “alienation”, and are more historicist. The scientific Marxists, or ant ...
... “Critical Marxists (or Hegelianizers) conceive of Marxism as critique rather than science; they stress the continuity of Marx with Hegel, the importance of the young Marx, the ongoing significance of the young Marx’s emphasis on “alienation”, and are more historicist. The scientific Marxists, or ant ...
Rethinking the culture-economy dialectic Brons, Lajos Ludovic
... Although 'man is necessarily always a prey to his passions' (Spinoza 1677, p. 194), free and virtuous men are 'led solely by reason' (p. 232); freedom comes from understanding your passions. Hence, while reason should guide our behaviour, it often does not. Hume (1740) took a further step by claimin ...
... Although 'man is necessarily always a prey to his passions' (Spinoza 1677, p. 194), free and virtuous men are 'led solely by reason' (p. 232); freedom comes from understanding your passions. Hence, while reason should guide our behaviour, it often does not. Hume (1740) took a further step by claimin ...
Adaptive dynamics with interaction structure
... highlighting several critical features. We describe these models in biological terms, noting, however, that many IBEG models are applicable to cultural evolution through the spreading of behaviors or ideas. We also note that, while the term “individual-based” often carries the connotation of models ...
... highlighting several critical features. We describe these models in biological terms, noting, however, that many IBEG models are applicable to cultural evolution through the spreading of behaviors or ideas. We also note that, while the term “individual-based” often carries the connotation of models ...
An Evaluation of Supplementary Biology and Evolution Curricular
... adaptive radiation during this brief time period requires explanations that go beyond those proposed for the evolution of species within the modern biota.”12 Likewise, other authorities have stated that “the major evolutionary transitions in animal evolution still remain to be causally explained ... ...
... adaptive radiation during this brief time period requires explanations that go beyond those proposed for the evolution of species within the modern biota.”12 Likewise, other authorities have stated that “the major evolutionary transitions in animal evolution still remain to be causally explained ... ...
1 what is anthropology? - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... wolves, and even ants. Culture, however, is distinctly human. Cultures are traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that govern the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them. Children learn such a tradition by growing up in a particular society, through a process called encultu ...
... wolves, and even ants. Culture, however, is distinctly human. Cultures are traditions and customs, transmitted through learning, that govern the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them. Children learn such a tradition by growing up in a particular society, through a process called encultu ...
War and peace: social interactions in infections
... often well-described and tractable experimental systems for studying the ecology and evolution of social traits in real time, under both highly controlled conditions and in a ‘real-world context’, which for pathogens and parasites involves being exposed to the complex, changeable and hostile environ ...
... often well-described and tractable experimental systems for studying the ecology and evolution of social traits in real time, under both highly controlled conditions and in a ‘real-world context’, which for pathogens and parasites involves being exposed to the complex, changeable and hostile environ ...
Social Complexity and Evolved Moral Principles.
... algebraic equation) is preserved. Such “wholes,” defined in terms of certain general ...
... algebraic equation) is preserved. Such “wholes,” defined in terms of certain general ...
Visions of Culture : an Introduction to Anthropological Theories and
... Sahlins and historic Oceana—there is a recurrent dialectic that occurs in the context of research. In general discussions of theory, the empirical contexts of fieldwork are too often ignored. This is a shame since ethnographic research is anthropology’s most important addition to the social sciences ...
... Sahlins and historic Oceana—there is a recurrent dialectic that occurs in the context of research. In general discussions of theory, the empirical contexts of fieldwork are too often ignored. This is a shame since ethnographic research is anthropology’s most important addition to the social sciences ...
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is ""the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form"".(Note, this article focusses on that use of the term 'socio-cultural evolution' to refer to work that is not in line with contemporary understandings of the word 'evolution'. There is a separate body of academic work which uses the term 'cultural evolution' using a more consensus Darwinian understanding of the term 'evolution'. For a description of this work, based in the foundational work of DT Campbell in the 1960s and followed up by Boyd, Richerson, Cvalli-Sforza, and Feldman in the 1980s, go to Cultural evolution or Dual inheritance theory.)Most 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of socio-cultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach.More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on the linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology and modernization theory.Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as over one million separate societies; however, as of 2013, only about two hundred or so different societies survive.