Cultural selection
... beliefs, political systems and other features which today are regarded as essential parts of culture, rather than physical traits which today we mainly attribute to organic inheritance. It is important for his theory that customs etc. can be transmitted not only from parent to child, but also from o ...
... beliefs, political systems and other features which today are regarded as essential parts of culture, rather than physical traits which today we mainly attribute to organic inheritance. It is important for his theory that customs etc. can be transmitted not only from parent to child, but also from o ...
Charles Darwin`s reputation: how it changed during the twentieth
... It is widely held today that the Synthesis rescued Darwin’s reputation. It turns out that this is correct, but the actual story is complicated. First, Darwin’s reputation must have somehow been reduced after his 1909 celebration; how did this occur? Second, how did the Synthesis renew it? Second iss ...
... It is widely held today that the Synthesis rescued Darwin’s reputation. It turns out that this is correct, but the actual story is complicated. First, Darwin’s reputation must have somehow been reduced after his 1909 celebration; how did this occur? Second, how did the Synthesis renew it? Second iss ...
A722: Seminar in Biological Anthropology – 7 September 2016 pg. 1
... understanding of genetics and was therefore confused as to the actual cause of variation, the so- ...
... understanding of genetics and was therefore confused as to the actual cause of variation, the so- ...
The actuality of Lamarck: towards the
... several volumes of a Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Invertébrées between 1815 and 1822. By the time it was finished, he was 78 years old. Throughout the years, Lamarck kept adding to and improving his evolutionary branching tree. First, he created separations in the seemingly homogenous world of the ...
... several volumes of a Histoire Naturelle des Animaux Invertébrées between 1815 and 1822. By the time it was finished, he was 78 years old. Throughout the years, Lamarck kept adding to and improving his evolutionary branching tree. First, he created separations in the seemingly homogenous world of the ...
Philosophy of Science, 69 (September 2002) pp
... organization (Wimsatt 1981, 2002). Sex-linkage and overlapping generations also slow the approach to H-W equilibrium. That's four factors acting as "segregation analogues" already in classical theory, kinds of structure which slow mixing. Wade and I derived an equation for rate of loss of variance i ...
... organization (Wimsatt 1981, 2002). Sex-linkage and overlapping generations also slow the approach to H-W equilibrium. That's four factors acting as "segregation analogues" already in classical theory, kinds of structure which slow mixing. Wade and I derived an equation for rate of loss of variance i ...
Epigenetic inheritance speeds up evolution of artificial organisms
... the long term. But they also show that it impedes evolution in its very first stages. This negative effect can be explained by instabilities generated by the interference between the two inheritance mediums. On the opposite, the long term gain can be explained by protein inheritance reducing the con ...
... the long term. But they also show that it impedes evolution in its very first stages. This negative effect can be explained by instabilities generated by the interference between the two inheritance mediums. On the opposite, the long term gain can be explained by protein inheritance reducing the con ...
Behavioral and Other Human Ecologies: Critique, Response and
... a heterogeneous field like ecological anthropology. In the second part of this paper I try to identify some practices which I believe enhance or detract from the scientific value of critique. What makes criticism effective or ineffective—something quite apart from what makes it usually satisfying to ...
... a heterogeneous field like ecological anthropology. In the second part of this paper I try to identify some practices which I believe enhance or detract from the scientific value of critique. What makes criticism effective or ineffective—something quite apart from what makes it usually satisfying to ...
Culture, evolution and the puzzle of human cooperation
... morality gives but a slight or no advantage to each individual man and his children over the other men of the same tribe, yet that an increase in the number of wellendowed men and an advancement in the standard of morality will certainly give an immense advantage to one tribe over another. A tribe i ...
... morality gives but a slight or no advantage to each individual man and his children over the other men of the same tribe, yet that an increase in the number of wellendowed men and an advancement in the standard of morality will certainly give an immense advantage to one tribe over another. A tribe i ...
SALVAGING THE BIOLOGICAL DESIGN ARGUMENT IN LIGHT OF
... argued that there is a contradiction between evolution and design, such that both cannot be true at the same time. Against such critiques, Plantinga and the other defenders of design as a perceptual belief can appeal to all the common defenses of the compatibility of evolution and creation; there ap ...
... argued that there is a contradiction between evolution and design, such that both cannot be true at the same time. Against such critiques, Plantinga and the other defenders of design as a perceptual belief can appeal to all the common defenses of the compatibility of evolution and creation; there ap ...
The Evolution of Population Biology - Assets
... history and philosophy of biology and to the controversial field of sociobiology. This volume honors his contributions to population biology: the nexus between population genetics and ecology. This unique collection of essays deals with the foundation and historical development of population biology, ...
... history and philosophy of biology and to the controversial field of sociobiology. This volume honors his contributions to population biology: the nexus between population genetics and ecology. This unique collection of essays deals with the foundation and historical development of population biology, ...
... Lumsden and Wilson, 1982; Plotkin and Odling-Smee, 1981; Wilson, 1998; see Richards, 1987, for an historical review). So also have neuropsychologists (Vygotsky and Luria, 1994). As Popper (1968, 1972) argued, such efforts at theory-development in science constitute a Darwinian process in their own r ...
Pre-adaptation, exaptation and technology speciation: a comment
... excellent example of establishing the origins of a technology, and finding that these origins were ‘‘non-adaptive,’’ that is, not a product of foresighted design, but instead a case where ‘‘firms accumulate knowledge without anticipating its subsequent applications.’’ (2006: 290). As far as I can se ...
... excellent example of establishing the origins of a technology, and finding that these origins were ‘‘non-adaptive,’’ that is, not a product of foresighted design, but instead a case where ‘‘firms accumulate knowledge without anticipating its subsequent applications.’’ (2006: 290). As far as I can se ...
A Select Few Annotated References on Darwin`s
... Cravens, Hamilton. The Triumph of Evolution; American Scientists and the Heredity-Environment Controversy 1900-1941. PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978, 351 pp. Shows that the influence of evolutionary ideas has been as pervasive since the collapse of social Darwinism as before. Covers the e ...
... Cravens, Hamilton. The Triumph of Evolution; American Scientists and the Heredity-Environment Controversy 1900-1941. PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978, 351 pp. Shows that the influence of evolutionary ideas has been as pervasive since the collapse of social Darwinism as before. Covers the e ...
Biodemography: Research prospects and
... 1. Introduction Biodemography as an emerging discipline at the interface of biology and demography is unique in at least two respects (Carey & Vaupel 2005). First, it is one of a small number of subdisciplines arising from the social sciences that has embraced biology (e.g. evolutionary psychology; ...
... 1. Introduction Biodemography as an emerging discipline at the interface of biology and demography is unique in at least two respects (Carey & Vaupel 2005). First, it is one of a small number of subdisciplines arising from the social sciences that has embraced biology (e.g. evolutionary psychology; ...
The Frankfurt School and its Critics (Tom Botto..
... Frankfurt (the term itself was not used until the Institut returned to Germany in 1950)’.[3] In effect, it is possible to distinguish four distinct periods in the history of the Institute and the Frankfurt School. The first is that between 1923 and 1933, when the research carried on at the Institute ...
... Frankfurt (the term itself was not used until the Institut returned to Germany in 1950)’.[3] In effect, it is possible to distinguish four distinct periods in the history of the Institute and the Frankfurt School. The first is that between 1923 and 1933, when the research carried on at the Institute ...
Pre´cis of Evolution in Four Dimensions
... that there are Lamarckian processes in evolution. August Weismann’s version of Darwinism, disapprovingly dubbed “neo-Darwinism” by Romanes, is an important part of the history of evolutionary thinking, and its influence can still be seen in contemporary views of heredity and evolution. Unlike Darwin ...
... that there are Lamarckian processes in evolution. August Weismann’s version of Darwinism, disapprovingly dubbed “neo-Darwinism” by Romanes, is an important part of the history of evolutionary thinking, and its influence can still be seen in contemporary views of heredity and evolution. Unlike Darwin ...
Chapter 13 - Everglades High School
... • In Darwin’s time, most people—including scientists—held the view that each species is a divine creation that exists, unchanging, as it was originally created. • In 1809, Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed a hypothesis for how organisms change over generations towards complexity. ...
... • In Darwin’s time, most people—including scientists—held the view that each species is a divine creation that exists, unchanging, as it was originally created. • In 1809, Jean Baptiste Lamarck proposed a hypothesis for how organisms change over generations towards complexity. ...
WHAT IS DARWIN`S THEORY?
... Skinks are a type of lizard. In some species, legs have become so small they no longer function in walking. Why would an organism possess organs with little or no function? One explanation: The gene code is present to make the organ, but function has been lost through change over time. If the organ ...
... Skinks are a type of lizard. In some species, legs have become so small they no longer function in walking. Why would an organism possess organs with little or no function? One explanation: The gene code is present to make the organ, but function has been lost through change over time. If the organ ...
Notes - Brookings School District
... Skinks are a type of lizard. In some species, legs have become so small they no longer function in walking. Why would an organism possess organs with little or no function? One explanation: The gene code is present to make the organ, but function has been lost through change over time. If the organ ...
... Skinks are a type of lizard. In some species, legs have become so small they no longer function in walking. Why would an organism possess organs with little or no function? One explanation: The gene code is present to make the organ, but function has been lost through change over time. If the organ ...
From Cyber to Digital Anthropology to an Anthropology of the
... change – not simply a change in attitude, but even a change in understanding of what an attitude is”. Cybernetics for him is crucial to understand complex systems, human-non-human interaction, communication within larger environments and ecologies, and also the human mind. How this developed into c ...
... change – not simply a change in attitude, but even a change in understanding of what an attitude is”. Cybernetics for him is crucial to understand complex systems, human-non-human interaction, communication within larger environments and ecologies, and also the human mind. How this developed into c ...
In New York
... the crew of the Beagle as the ship's naturalist; and scanned images of Darwin's herbarium sheets showing leaves and stems collected during that voyage. Notebooks in which Darwin's ideas about evolution began to coalesce are here, as is - in a sure sign of canonization - a replica of Darwin's studio, ...
... the crew of the Beagle as the ship's naturalist; and scanned images of Darwin's herbarium sheets showing leaves and stems collected during that voyage. Notebooks in which Darwin's ideas about evolution began to coalesce are here, as is - in a sure sign of canonization - a replica of Darwin's studio, ...
Evolutionary Psychology 101
... of controversy, this approach to psychology may be seen as having more potential than any other area of the behavioral sciences to help us understand who we really are. The basic claims of evolutionary psychologists are, in fact, modest when one considers that they are rooted in the highly accepted ...
... of controversy, this approach to psychology may be seen as having more potential than any other area of the behavioral sciences to help us understand who we really are. The basic claims of evolutionary psychologists are, in fact, modest when one considers that they are rooted in the highly accepted ...
Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution?
... physiology, or behavior that are commonly envisioned by mechanistic developmental biologists, physiologists, or neurobiologists (cf. Amundson 2005). The Evolutionary Synthesis was both a synthesis (especially of genetics and natural selection) and a “constriction” (Provine 2001). The seeming exclusi ...
... physiology, or behavior that are commonly envisioned by mechanistic developmental biologists, physiologists, or neurobiologists (cf. Amundson 2005). The Evolutionary Synthesis was both a synthesis (especially of genetics and natural selection) and a “constriction” (Provine 2001). The seeming exclusi ...
Can Modern Evolutionary Theory Explain Macroevolution?
... physiology, or behavior that are commonly envisioned by mechanistic developmental biologists, physiologists, or neurobiologists (cf. Amundson 2005). The Evolutionary Synthesis was both a synthesis (especially of genetics and natural selection) and a “constriction” (Provine 2001). The seeming exclusi ...
... physiology, or behavior that are commonly envisioned by mechanistic developmental biologists, physiologists, or neurobiologists (cf. Amundson 2005). The Evolutionary Synthesis was both a synthesis (especially of genetics and natural selection) and a “constriction” (Provine 2001). The seeming exclusi ...
Evolutionary Psychology as Maladapted Psychology
... and Asa Gray, two of Darwin’s advocates and friends, had suggested some supernatural impetus was necessary for the evolution of human capacities. That would certainly have offended Darwin’s deepest naturalistic sympathies (cf. Richards 1987). Lyell’s The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man ...
... and Asa Gray, two of Darwin’s advocates and friends, had suggested some supernatural impetus was necessary for the evolution of human capacities. That would certainly have offended Darwin’s deepest naturalistic sympathies (cf. Richards 1987). Lyell’s The Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man ...
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is ""the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form"".(Note, this article focusses on that use of the term 'socio-cultural evolution' to refer to work that is not in line with contemporary understandings of the word 'evolution'. There is a separate body of academic work which uses the term 'cultural evolution' using a more consensus Darwinian understanding of the term 'evolution'. For a description of this work, based in the foundational work of DT Campbell in the 1960s and followed up by Boyd, Richerson, Cvalli-Sforza, and Feldman in the 1980s, go to Cultural evolution or Dual inheritance theory.)Most 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of socio-cultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach.More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on the linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology and modernization theory.Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as over one million separate societies; however, as of 2013, only about two hundred or so different societies survive.