The cultural evolution of prosocial religions
... psychology and cultural history: (1) the rise of large-scale cooperation among strangers and, simultaneously, (2) the spread of prosocial religions in the last 10–12 millennia. We argue that these two developments were importantly linked and mutually energizing. We explain how a package of culturall ...
... psychology and cultural history: (1) the rise of large-scale cooperation among strangers and, simultaneously, (2) the spread of prosocial religions in the last 10–12 millennia. We argue that these two developments were importantly linked and mutually energizing. We explain how a package of culturall ...
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... the importance of the paradigm as the referencegiving example and highlights its extraordinary function to conclude from the specific to the specific which is neither deductive nor inductive in its turn. Similar to style and fashion or with a school of painting it is rather difficult to give and fol ...
... the importance of the paradigm as the referencegiving example and highlights its extraordinary function to conclude from the specific to the specific which is neither deductive nor inductive in its turn. Similar to style and fashion or with a school of painting it is rather difficult to give and fol ...
athabasca university change in systems: theory and implications by
... ability, and so forth. I noticed, however, that the list of identities reflected upon did not include ‘monogamous.’ This cultural identity was absent from the second edition of the first Canadian textbook on culture-infused counselling practice (Arthur & Collins, 2010). The value of monogamy has bee ...
... ability, and so forth. I noticed, however, that the list of identities reflected upon did not include ‘monogamous.’ This cultural identity was absent from the second edition of the first Canadian textbook on culture-infused counselling practice (Arthur & Collins, 2010). The value of monogamy has bee ...
use of an explicit method for distinguishing exaptations from
... and therefore their correlation with adaptive processes directed towards the conquest of land during this period of the Paleozoic Era is not well grounded. As a whole, the ensemble of exaptations permits to falsify the correlation of terrestriality with adaptive scenarios. On the basis of characters ...
... and therefore their correlation with adaptive processes directed towards the conquest of land during this period of the Paleozoic Era is not well grounded. As a whole, the ensemble of exaptations permits to falsify the correlation of terrestriality with adaptive scenarios. On the basis of characters ...
Weber Lecture 2013 - University of Warwick
... modern time such as ‘neurasthenia’, the suffering of the nerves – Weber suffers from it) – As a reaction we see a turn to the past and culture as a remedy for such troubling times. ‘Historicism’- a cultural and intellectual movement which I have already explained in regard to Ranke and which celebra ...
... modern time such as ‘neurasthenia’, the suffering of the nerves – Weber suffers from it) – As a reaction we see a turn to the past and culture as a remedy for such troubling times. ‘Historicism’- a cultural and intellectual movement which I have already explained in regard to Ranke and which celebra ...
Evolutionism : present approaches
... Initially “evolutionism” is a biological doctrine that started before Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), an author whose anniversaries —two centuries since his birthday and 150 years since his key book— should be kept in mind. According to Jean Gayon, “clustered around ‘evolution’ were, among others ...
... Initially “evolutionism” is a biological doctrine that started before Charles Robert Darwin (1809-1882), an author whose anniversaries —two centuries since his birthday and 150 years since his key book— should be kept in mind. According to Jean Gayon, “clustered around ‘evolution’ were, among others ...
anthropology, mathematics, kinship
... patterns are absent from human behavior, and that all anthropologists can or should do is describe and interpret the fragments of another’s cultural world they are privileged to witness. If the focus remains not within a culture but across all cultures, the question remains whether specific patterns ...
... patterns are absent from human behavior, and that all anthropologists can or should do is describe and interpret the fragments of another’s cultural world they are privileged to witness. If the focus remains not within a culture but across all cultures, the question remains whether specific patterns ...
An Introduction to Biological Aging Theory
... to individual species and vary greatly between even very similar species. Mammal lifespans vary over a range of more than 200 to 1 between Bowhead whale (> 200 years) and the shortest-lived mouse (~0.8 years) and fish lifespans vary over a range of at least 1300 to 1 from Pygmy Gobi (8 weeks) to Koi ...
... to individual species and vary greatly between even very similar species. Mammal lifespans vary over a range of more than 200 to 1 between Bowhead whale (> 200 years) and the shortest-lived mouse (~0.8 years) and fish lifespans vary over a range of at least 1300 to 1 from Pygmy Gobi (8 weeks) to Koi ...
The Social System
... The famous anthropologist Claude Levi-Stauss (1962) argued that cultural myths and symbols are bon à penser (or “good to think”). What he meant was neither that one culture’s myths or symbols are inherently or naturally “beer” than another culture’s nor that myths become “beer” as time passes. Rat ...
... The famous anthropologist Claude Levi-Stauss (1962) argued that cultural myths and symbols are bon à penser (or “good to think”). What he meant was neither that one culture’s myths or symbols are inherently or naturally “beer” than another culture’s nor that myths become “beer” as time passes. Rat ...
Formalizing Darwinism and inclusive fitness theory
... Darwin’s Origins of species was published 150 years and 10 months ago and brought fully within the ambit of science subjects such as anatomy and physiology. A conference on optimal wing design, or comparative renal morphology, would certainly have fitted that 150-year anniversary. However, the Evolu ...
... Darwin’s Origins of species was published 150 years and 10 months ago and brought fully within the ambit of science subjects such as anatomy and physiology. A conference on optimal wing design, or comparative renal morphology, would certainly have fitted that 150-year anniversary. However, the Evolu ...
TURING MACHINES AND EVOLUTION. A CRITIQUE OF GREGORY
... random walk in space of all possible programs (toward increasing fitness). Chaitin is not consistent in his understanding of the concept of DNA. In many places he writes about DNA as “natural software”, whereas in others he refers to it as “natural programming language” and even a “universal programm ...
... random walk in space of all possible programs (toward increasing fitness). Chaitin is not consistent in his understanding of the concept of DNA. In many places he writes about DNA as “natural software”, whereas in others he refers to it as “natural programming language” and even a “universal programm ...
02_whole - Massey Research Online
... Darwinism was widely interpreted as a major blow both to religion and to the humanities. As Flanagan notes, Darwin’s theories amounted to no less than the deconstruction of the anthropocentric hierarchy: “when Darwinism explains that we are animals, descended from earlier species, the picture that s ...
... Darwinism was widely interpreted as a major blow both to religion and to the humanities. As Flanagan notes, Darwin’s theories amounted to no less than the deconstruction of the anthropocentric hierarchy: “when Darwinism explains that we are animals, descended from earlier species, the picture that s ...
Spring 2015 - Tufts University | School of Arts and Sciences
... Examining a range of sociological texts and media, we will ask what constitutes femininity and who gets to decide, which types of femininity are upheld as ideal and which are stigmatized, and what the relationship is between femininity and power. What do dominant ideas about both femininity and masc ...
... Examining a range of sociological texts and media, we will ask what constitutes femininity and who gets to decide, which types of femininity are upheld as ideal and which are stigmatized, and what the relationship is between femininity and power. What do dominant ideas about both femininity and masc ...
Evolution of Ethics in the Island of Doctor Moreau and Heart of
... boundaries of what being human entails within evolutionary terms by the concepts of “sympathy” and “restraint”. There is an established historical connection between Huxley and Wells that substantiates Huxley’s influence on Wells’s work. During his time as a student, Wells studied biology under Huxl ...
... boundaries of what being human entails within evolutionary terms by the concepts of “sympathy” and “restraint”. There is an established historical connection between Huxley and Wells that substantiates Huxley’s influence on Wells’s work. During his time as a student, Wells studied biology under Huxl ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... transition to multicellularity, collectives of cells emerged that came to participate in evolutionary processes in their own right (Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999; Okasha 2006). This involved a hierarchical shift in the level of selection and with it the emergence of new kinds of biol ...
... transition to multicellularity, collectives of cells emerged that came to participate in evolutionary processes in their own right (Maynard Smith and Szathmary 1995; Michod 1999; Okasha 2006). This involved a hierarchical shift in the level of selection and with it the emergence of new kinds of biol ...
Contents
... science, is accepted, but particular attention is paid to interdisciplinary perspectives on the mutual relationship between evolutionary and cognitive processes. Submissions dealing with the significance of cognitive research for the theories of biological and sociocultural evolution are also welcom ...
... science, is accepted, but particular attention is paid to interdisciplinary perspectives on the mutual relationship between evolutionary and cognitive processes. Submissions dealing with the significance of cognitive research for the theories of biological and sociocultural evolution are also welcom ...
Darwinism and Whitman`s Poetic Program
... supplies an abundance of variety and those organisms most fit for their environment will survive and reproduce. The first of the two steps of "natural selection" - the initial fecundity and variety of nature - is easier for Whitman to incorporate into his thinking. He says, "I resist any thing bette ...
... supplies an abundance of variety and those organisms most fit for their environment will survive and reproduce. The first of the two steps of "natural selection" - the initial fecundity and variety of nature - is easier for Whitman to incorporate into his thinking. He says, "I resist any thing bette ...
Stephen E - lundslaktare
... To subject evolution to scientific and other criticism There is a wise saying that, "The first to present his case seems right, till another comes forward and questions him" (Proverbs 18:17). A false theory can seem right if it is protected from criticism (Johnson, 1992a). Darwin's theory has in fac ...
... To subject evolution to scientific and other criticism There is a wise saying that, "The first to present his case seems right, till another comes forward and questions him" (Proverbs 18:17). A false theory can seem right if it is protected from criticism (Johnson, 1992a). Darwin's theory has in fac ...
thesis –social darwinism - Ghent University Library
... naturalist. Each time the crew set ashore, Hardy would make notes and drawings of plant and animal species which had hardly been observed with such scrutiny before. These observations would produce an undeniable amount of evidence to back up his evolutionary theories. Almost twenty-five years later, ...
... naturalist. Each time the crew set ashore, Hardy would make notes and drawings of plant and animal species which had hardly been observed with such scrutiny before. These observations would produce an undeniable amount of evidence to back up his evolutionary theories. Almost twenty-five years later, ...
1 Origins of the Myth of Social Darwinism
... Hofstadter in 1944 preferred planning to laissez-faire and he preferred cultural to biological explanations in social science. When planning (“meliorism”) was itself biological, as it was with Progressive Era eugenics, for example, the two Hofstadters were at odds with each other, with consequences ...
... Hofstadter in 1944 preferred planning to laissez-faire and he preferred cultural to biological explanations in social science. When planning (“meliorism”) was itself biological, as it was with Progressive Era eugenics, for example, the two Hofstadters were at odds with each other, with consequences ...
THE ROLE OF METAPHOR IN THE DARWIN DEBATES: NATURAL
... Chesterton, and Charles Spurgeon, reveals two categories of counter-metaphors used to defend natural theology: metaphors of awe and wonder associated with nature, and metaphors of sin and destruction associated with evolution. The language of the counter-metaphors reveals the thinking of nineteenth ...
... Chesterton, and Charles Spurgeon, reveals two categories of counter-metaphors used to defend natural theology: metaphors of awe and wonder associated with nature, and metaphors of sin and destruction associated with evolution. The language of the counter-metaphors reveals the thinking of nineteenth ...
Reprint
... series of successive invasion attempts and the occasional replacement of alleles coding for different values of the lifehistory parameter. This approach can be used to determine evolutionarily stable life-history strategies, and it can also be used to determine when we expect natural selection to fa ...
... series of successive invasion attempts and the occasional replacement of alleles coding for different values of the lifehistory parameter. This approach can be used to determine evolutionarily stable life-history strategies, and it can also be used to determine when we expect natural selection to fa ...
Hamilton`s rule
... In an incendiary 2010 Nature article, M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita and E. O. Wilson present a savage critique of the best known and most widely used framework for the study of social evolution, W. D. Hamilton’s theory of kin selection. Over a hundred biologists have since rallied to the theory’s defen ...
... In an incendiary 2010 Nature article, M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita and E. O. Wilson present a savage critique of the best known and most widely used framework for the study of social evolution, W. D. Hamilton’s theory of kin selection. Over a hundred biologists have since rallied to the theory’s defen ...
Neutral Evolution and Aesthetics
... describe artistic behavior. To some degree, art must be a spontaneous engineering-like activity that synthesizes already existing elements according to known laws. This would correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable ...
... describe artistic behavior. To some degree, art must be a spontaneous engineering-like activity that synthesizes already existing elements according to known laws. This would correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable ...
Evolutionary Psychology as a Metatheory for the Social
... evolutionary psychology also unites the field of psychology with all the other life sciences, including biology, economics, political science, history, legal scholarship, and medicine; it unites humans with all other species, revealing our place in the grand scheme of the natural world. (p. 31) Acco ...
... evolutionary psychology also unites the field of psychology with all the other life sciences, including biology, economics, political science, history, legal scholarship, and medicine; it unites humans with all other species, revealing our place in the grand scheme of the natural world. (p. 31) Acco ...
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or cultural evolution are theories of cultural and social evolution that describe how cultures and societies change over time. Whereas sociocultural development traces processes that tend to increase the complexity of a society or culture, sociocultural evolution also considers process that can lead to decreases in complexity (degeneration) or that can produce variation or proliferation without any seemingly significant changes in complexity (cladogenesis). Sociocultural evolution is ""the process by which structural reorganization is affected through time, eventually producing a form or structure which is qualitatively different from the ancestral form"".(Note, this article focusses on that use of the term 'socio-cultural evolution' to refer to work that is not in line with contemporary understandings of the word 'evolution'. There is a separate body of academic work which uses the term 'cultural evolution' using a more consensus Darwinian understanding of the term 'evolution'. For a description of this work, based in the foundational work of DT Campbell in the 1960s and followed up by Boyd, Richerson, Cvalli-Sforza, and Feldman in the 1980s, go to Cultural evolution or Dual inheritance theory.)Most 19th-century and some 20th-century approaches to socioculture aimed to provide models for the evolution of humankind as a whole, arguing that different societies have reached different stages of social development. The most comprehensive attempt to develop a general theory of social evolution centering on the development of socio-cultural systems, the work of Talcott Parsons (1902-1979), operated on a scale which included a theory of world history. Another attempt, on a less systematic scale, originated with the world-systems approach.More recent approaches focus on changes specific to individual societies and reject the idea that cultures differ primarily according to how far each one is on the linear scale of social progress. Most modern archaeologists and cultural anthropologists work within the frameworks of neoevolutionism, sociobiology and modernization theory.Many different societies have existed in the course of human history, with estimates as high as over one million separate societies; however, as of 2013, only about two hundred or so different societies survive.