Adaptive divergence, genetic connectivity, and post
... Speciation is arguably the most important problem in evolutionary biology. Following the biological species concept, speciation is the process by which populations of one species reduce inter-population mating – that is, gene flow – to the point where they become two reproductively isolated species. ...
... Speciation is arguably the most important problem in evolutionary biology. Following the biological species concept, speciation is the process by which populations of one species reduce inter-population mating – that is, gene flow – to the point where they become two reproductively isolated species. ...
Marty Ferris
... was responsible for the results of their experiments. If this is the best explanation which can be given for the results of a field study, would it not be better to run experiments in the tightly controlled environment of a lab, and only use field experiments for confirmation of lab results?) 2. On ...
... was responsible for the results of their experiments. If this is the best explanation which can be given for the results of a field study, would it not be better to run experiments in the tightly controlled environment of a lab, and only use field experiments for confirmation of lab results?) 2. On ...
Reconceptualising Evolution by Natural Selection
... ambiguities; another is to provide new solutions and clarifications to them using a range of philosophical and conceptual tools. The result is a concept of natural selection stripped down from its biological specificities. I start by revisiting the entangled debates over whether natural selection is ...
... ambiguities; another is to provide new solutions and clarifications to them using a range of philosophical and conceptual tools. The result is a concept of natural selection stripped down from its biological specificities. I start by revisiting the entangled debates over whether natural selection is ...
Lesson Overview - mr. welling` s school page
... process in which nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful. Darwin put artificial selection to the test by raising and breeding plants and fancy pigeon varieties. ...
... process in which nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful. Darwin put artificial selection to the test by raising and breeding plants and fancy pigeon varieties. ...
DARWIN`SDEBTTO PHILOSOPHY:AN
... During my last year at Cambridge I read with care and profound interest Humboldt’s Personal Narrative. This work and Sir J. Hershel’s Introduction to the Study of Jvatural Philosophy stirred up in me a burning zeal to add even the most humble contribution to the noble structure of Natural Science. N ...
... During my last year at Cambridge I read with care and profound interest Humboldt’s Personal Narrative. This work and Sir J. Hershel’s Introduction to the Study of Jvatural Philosophy stirred up in me a burning zeal to add even the most humble contribution to the noble structure of Natural Science. N ...
Ch 17 ppt - College of Science and Mathematics
... The Origin of Life Early Life on Earth The First Eukaryotic Cells Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species How Natural Selection Works Integrated Science: Animal Adaptations to Heat and Cold How Species Form Evidence of Evolution Does Evolution Occur Gradually or in Spurts? The Evolution of Humans S ...
... The Origin of Life Early Life on Earth The First Eukaryotic Cells Charles Darwin and The Origin of Species How Natural Selection Works Integrated Science: Animal Adaptations to Heat and Cold How Species Form Evidence of Evolution Does Evolution Occur Gradually or in Spurts? The Evolution of Humans S ...
Phenotypic plasticity in evolutionary rescue experiments
... climate change, species introductions and other anthropogenic modifications of the environment [1,2]. Evolution on the time-scale of population dynamics may affect the demography of a species, that is, the set of vital rates (survivals and fecundities) that determine the size and age/stage compositi ...
... climate change, species introductions and other anthropogenic modifications of the environment [1,2]. Evolution on the time-scale of population dynamics may affect the demography of a species, that is, the set of vital rates (survivals and fecundities) that determine the size and age/stage compositi ...
Why Darwin rejected intelligent design
... Paley’s premises; and taking these on trust I was charmed and convinced by the long line of argumentation. (1958 [1876]:59) On the very day of publication of the Origin of Species three decades later, Darwin reiterated his praise for Paley in a letter to his neighbour in Downe, John Lubbock: “I do n ...
... Paley’s premises; and taking these on trust I was charmed and convinced by the long line of argumentation. (1958 [1876]:59) On the very day of publication of the Origin of Species three decades later, Darwin reiterated his praise for Paley in a letter to his neighbour in Downe, John Lubbock: “I do n ...
Document
... members of genetically distinct populations (Barton & Hewitt, 1985), producing offspring of mixed ancestry, then it occurs in almost all proposed processes of speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions inv ...
... members of genetically distinct populations (Barton & Hewitt, 1985), producing offspring of mixed ancestry, then it occurs in almost all proposed processes of speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions inv ...
Nabokov, Teleology, and Insect Mimicry
... 1 Emergent Teleology and Nabokov's Aesthetics Although Vladimir Nabokov may be better known for his outstanding literary achievements, he also had gift for science. While acting as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in the 1940s, he became an expert on a group of butterflies popularl ...
... 1 Emergent Teleology and Nabokov's Aesthetics Although Vladimir Nabokov may be better known for his outstanding literary achievements, he also had gift for science. While acting as curator at Harvard's Museum of Comparative Zoology in the 1940s, he became an expert on a group of butterflies popularl ...
- Philsci
... The idea of causal role function (Cummins 1975) is sometimes presented as a rival to the etiological theory (Davies 2001; Lewens 2004). However, both notions are needed to capture the conventional, neo-Darwinian understanding of evolution by natural selection. Neo-Darwinism distinguishes between ada ...
... The idea of causal role function (Cummins 1975) is sometimes presented as a rival to the etiological theory (Davies 2001; Lewens 2004). However, both notions are needed to capture the conventional, neo-Darwinian understanding of evolution by natural selection. Neo-Darwinism distinguishes between ada ...
Abstract The platypus is one of Earth`s most perplexing
... other reptilian traits. But evolution does not make sense, and is instead idiosyncratic, acting only on whatever variation exists at a certain time. The variation that led to venom development existed only after reptiles and monotremes split, and thus the venoms developed independently of each other ...
... other reptilian traits. But evolution does not make sense, and is instead idiosyncratic, acting only on whatever variation exists at a certain time. The variation that led to venom development existed only after reptiles and monotremes split, and thus the venoms developed independently of each other ...
nosil vines funk 2005 evolution
... sarily the case. To understand why, imagine the following scenario: two populations mate over the same time period, migrate to and mate within each others’ habitats as readily as their own, and accept mates from each population with equal frequency. Guided by the traditional classification, one woul ...
... sarily the case. To understand why, imagine the following scenario: two populations mate over the same time period, migrate to and mate within each others’ habitats as readily as their own, and accept mates from each population with equal frequency. Guided by the traditional classification, one woul ...
Experimental evidence that source genetic variation drives
... particles; the probability of infection of an uninfected host cell when it encounters a phage; and the number of host cells likely to be encountered. A novel host could be a sink because any of these quantities are low. We specifically used serial passages combined with dilution to create sinks; a h ...
... particles; the probability of infection of an uninfected host cell when it encounters a phage; and the number of host cells likely to be encountered. A novel host could be a sink because any of these quantities are low. We specifically used serial passages combined with dilution to create sinks; a h ...
Why We Take Risks - University of Oregon
... death. Indeed, Zahavi's own conversation seemed like a prime instance of the handicap principle, a contra dance at the edge of the unlikely. He summed up his big idea in a phrase: "Something can be good because it's bad." In spite of Zahavi himself, evidence for the handicap principle began to accum ...
... death. Indeed, Zahavi's own conversation seemed like a prime instance of the handicap principle, a contra dance at the edge of the unlikely. He summed up his big idea in a phrase: "Something can be good because it's bad." In spite of Zahavi himself, evidence for the handicap principle began to accum ...
Hybridization and speciation
... members of genetically distinct populations (Barton & Hewitt, 1985), producing offspring of mixed ancestry, then it occurs in almost all proposed processes of speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions inv ...
... members of genetically distinct populations (Barton & Hewitt, 1985), producing offspring of mixed ancestry, then it occurs in almost all proposed processes of speciation. The only exceptions would be cases of completely allopatric or instantaneous speciation. Hybridization may cause interactions inv ...
Repeated evolution of reproductive isolation in a marine snail
... mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 –30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partial ...
... mosaic-like pattern with narrow hybrid zones in between, over which gene flow is 10 –30% of within-ecotype gene flow. Multi-locus comparisons cluster populations by geographic affinity independent of ecotype, while loci under selection group populations by ecotype. The repeated occurrence of partial ...
Genetic erosion impedes adaptive responses to stressful
... the stress, while a longer-term response might require evolutionary adaptation. Owing to natural selection, allele frequency changes can occur that increase the number of more tolerant individuals in the population, enabling the population to track environmental changes genetically. In the past, pes ...
... the stress, while a longer-term response might require evolutionary adaptation. Owing to natural selection, allele frequency changes can occur that increase the number of more tolerant individuals in the population, enabling the population to track environmental changes genetically. In the past, pes ...
Parallel trait adaptation across opposing thermal environments in
... large number of second-generation CGE adult flies for phenotyping. Unless stated otherwise, each assayed trait used a separate transfer of the second-generation CGE flies. All adult flies were aged between two and seven days when assayed, thereby closely matching the age range of flies used to seed ...
... large number of second-generation CGE adult flies for phenotyping. Unless stated otherwise, each assayed trait used a separate transfer of the second-generation CGE flies. All adult flies were aged between two and seven days when assayed, thereby closely matching the age range of flies used to seed ...
Darwin`s Dice: The Idea of Chance in the Thought of Charles Darwin
... means fortuity, and most people in Darwin’s day, and even now, could not accept a world in which fortuity played a guiding role in evolution.15 Yet Darwin believed fortuity was at the very core of modifications leading to the origin of new species.16 The implications of any such view were significan ...
... means fortuity, and most people in Darwin’s day, and even now, could not accept a world in which fortuity played a guiding role in evolution.15 Yet Darwin believed fortuity was at the very core of modifications leading to the origin of new species.16 The implications of any such view were significan ...
Ch_ 16_1 -2 - Mater Academy of International Studies
... process in which nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful. Darwin put artificial selection to the test by raising and breeding plants and fancy pigeon varieties. ...
... process in which nature provides the variations, and humans select those they find useful. Darwin put artificial selection to the test by raising and breeding plants and fancy pigeon varieties. ...
Live Where You Thrive: Joint Evolution of Habitat Choice and Local
... adapted to (Ravigné et al. 2004). For models 1 and 3, which imply local density regulation, C 1 and C 2 denote the local carrying capacities of habitats 1 and 2, respectively. For model 2, which implies global density regulation, the global carrying capacity is chosen as C 1 ⫹ C 2. Local and global ...
... adapted to (Ravigné et al. 2004). For models 1 and 3, which imply local density regulation, C 1 and C 2 denote the local carrying capacities of habitats 1 and 2, respectively. For model 2, which implies global density regulation, the global carrying capacity is chosen as C 1 ⫹ C 2. Local and global ...
The actuality of Lamarck: towards the
... A bewildering array of “replicators,” besides the DNA genes, and a variety of alternative hereditary pathways have been found. In addition to more classical cases of cytoplasmatic inheritance and maternal imprinting, there are plasmids, transposons, retroviruses, prions and other regulatory proteins ...
... A bewildering array of “replicators,” besides the DNA genes, and a variety of alternative hereditary pathways have been found. In addition to more classical cases of cytoplasmatic inheritance and maternal imprinting, there are plasmids, transposons, retroviruses, prions and other regulatory proteins ...
Koinophilia - Current Science
... 1878, concluding that average facial dimensions combine to create a good-looking face1. That average features should appear attractive was unexpected, because attractive faces are anything but common or ordinary in appearance. In spite of the novelty of the paper, Galton’s observations lay buried be ...
... 1878, concluding that average facial dimensions combine to create a good-looking face1. That average features should appear attractive was unexpected, because attractive faces are anything but common or ordinary in appearance. In spite of the novelty of the paper, Galton’s observations lay buried be ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.