Adaptive Speciation: Epilogue
... genetic modeling leads to a fully fledged theory of adaptive speciation in sexual populations, both under completely sympatric conditions (Chapter 5 in Dieckmann et al. 2004) and in geographically structured populations with spatially localized gene flow (Chapter 7 in Dieckmann et al. 2004). The mod ...
... genetic modeling leads to a fully fledged theory of adaptive speciation in sexual populations, both under completely sympatric conditions (Chapter 5 in Dieckmann et al. 2004) and in geographically structured populations with spatially localized gene flow (Chapter 7 in Dieckmann et al. 2004). The mod ...
Between Zeus and the Salmon
... cofactors into demographic models—cluster around this very practical question of prediction, whose answer some of us may live to know. Confronting this question, the in-house tools of traditional demography— accurate accounting of vital trends and descriptive modeling of variability across time and ...
... cofactors into demographic models—cluster around this very practical question of prediction, whose answer some of us may live to know. Confronting this question, the in-house tools of traditional demography— accurate accounting of vital trends and descriptive modeling of variability across time and ...
Is Organismic Fitness at the Basis of Evolutionary Theory?
... quite right to argue that trait fitness is an important component of the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. But, as noted in the introduction, we take issue with his claim that trait fitness is the conceptually fundamental notion of fitness in evolutionary theory. We will now demonstrate ...
... quite right to argue that trait fitness is an important component of the conceptual foundations of evolutionary theory. But, as noted in the introduction, we take issue with his claim that trait fitness is the conceptually fundamental notion of fitness in evolutionary theory. We will now demonstrate ...
list of abstracts
... multi stressor was composed of different combinations of the single stressors). Results from two independent evolution experiments (over one million animals scored) confirmed the hypothesis. B. calyciflorus produced more sexual eggs when adapting to more complex environments. Furthermore, common gar ...
... multi stressor was composed of different combinations of the single stressors). Results from two independent evolution experiments (over one million animals scored) confirmed the hypothesis. B. calyciflorus produced more sexual eggs when adapting to more complex environments. Furthermore, common gar ...
Why Natural Selection cannot Explain Rationality
... by nature, can have different degrees of rationality. Thus, for Sober’s thought experiment to be valid, we must impose the assumption that the two organisms evaluated by nature have the same degree of rationality. Otherwise, the most foolish of fools could be the fittest if the other lineage, speed, ...
... by nature, can have different degrees of rationality. Thus, for Sober’s thought experiment to be valid, we must impose the assumption that the two organisms evaluated by nature have the same degree of rationality. Otherwise, the most foolish of fools could be the fittest if the other lineage, speed, ...
Evolutionism : present approaches
... These disputes lie beyond the scope of this philosophical-methodological paper. In addition, these “cultural wars” are only partially philosophical in their origins and have led to a huge number of publications, many of them frequently laden with ideological claims. ...
... These disputes lie beyond the scope of this philosophical-methodological paper. In addition, these “cultural wars” are only partially philosophical in their origins and have led to a huge number of publications, many of them frequently laden with ideological claims. ...
How Does Climate Influence Speciation?
... becomes less suitable and the montane habitats more suitable over time. The lowland population may then become extinct if the species fails to adapt to higher temperatures, which leads to geographic isolation and eventual speciation of the montane populations. Under this pattern of spatial and tempo ...
... becomes less suitable and the montane habitats more suitable over time. The lowland population may then become extinct if the species fails to adapt to higher temperatures, which leads to geographic isolation and eventual speciation of the montane populations. Under this pattern of spatial and tempo ...
How Does Climate Influence Speciation?
... becomes less suitable and the montane habitats more suitable over time. The lowland population may then become extinct if the species fails to adapt to higher temperatures, which leads to geographic isolation and eventual speciation of the montane populations. Under this pattern of spatial and tempo ...
... becomes less suitable and the montane habitats more suitable over time. The lowland population may then become extinct if the species fails to adapt to higher temperatures, which leads to geographic isolation and eventual speciation of the montane populations. Under this pattern of spatial and tempo ...
2 2 - Cloudfront.net
... coat (a recessive phenotype.) How many individuals in the population have a solid coat? ...
... coat (a recessive phenotype.) How many individuals in the population have a solid coat? ...
Evolutionary Chance Mutation
... conceptual and empirical requirement for explaining mutations due to these mechanisms. I will argue instead that all genetic mutations, including those due to mutator mechanisms, can be accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) a ...
... conceptual and empirical requirement for explaining mutations due to these mechanisms. I will argue instead that all genetic mutations, including those due to mutator mechanisms, can be accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) a ...
Evolutionary Chance Mutation: A Defense of the - Philsci
... conceptual and empirical requirement for explaining mutations due to these mechanisms. I will argue instead that all genetic mutations, including those due to mutator mechanisms, can be accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) a ...
... conceptual and empirical requirement for explaining mutations due to these mechanisms. I will argue instead that all genetic mutations, including those due to mutator mechanisms, can be accounted for by the Modern Synthesis’ consensus view since they are not specifically caused in an (exclusively) a ...
Darwin`s Finches and Natural Selection in the Galapagos
... on what beak would me the most or least effective for picking up seeds. We then got to test it out and see the results for ourselves. After, we got to make conclusions about what we saw happen, and state if our hypothesis was correct or incorrect. The theory of Natural Selection explains that animal ...
... on what beak would me the most or least effective for picking up seeds. We then got to test it out and see the results for ourselves. After, we got to make conclusions about what we saw happen, and state if our hypothesis was correct or incorrect. The theory of Natural Selection explains that animal ...
Veblen and Darwinism
... on the faith that nothing happens without a cause and that every cause has an effect’. This applies to human intentionality as well as everything else. Contrary to widespread belief, causal explanation does not mean that intentions are ignored in Darwinism; it simply means that they are caused, and ...
... on the faith that nothing happens without a cause and that every cause has an effect’. This applies to human intentionality as well as everything else. Contrary to widespread belief, causal explanation does not mean that intentions are ignored in Darwinism; it simply means that they are caused, and ...
Darwin`s Evolutionary Ecology. Volume 92(4)
... many ingredients of ecology, but was weak in theory. The balance of nature, including Linnaeus’ version, economy of nature (Egerton 2007b:81–84), was the main example, and it was never developed as a precise theory (Egerton 1973, Kricher 2009). The evolutionary ideas of Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck ha ...
... many ingredients of ecology, but was weak in theory. The balance of nature, including Linnaeus’ version, economy of nature (Egerton 2007b:81–84), was the main example, and it was never developed as a precise theory (Egerton 1973, Kricher 2009). The evolutionary ideas of Erasmus Darwin and Lamarck ha ...
Phenotypic plasticity of phages with diverse genome sizes
... A key factor in studying evolutionary biology is an understanding of the mechanisms organisms utilise in the ongoing process of adaptation. When faced with a heterogeneous and unpredictable environment, we expect organisms to evolve either as specialists or generalists, yet a unifying theory as to w ...
... A key factor in studying evolutionary biology is an understanding of the mechanisms organisms utilise in the ongoing process of adaptation. When faced with a heterogeneous and unpredictable environment, we expect organisms to evolve either as specialists or generalists, yet a unifying theory as to w ...
Bounds to Parapatric Speciation: A Dobzhansky-Muller
... abundant evidence for hybridization even among “good species” with viable and not ...
... abundant evidence for hybridization even among “good species” with viable and not ...
2 How to measure genetic variation
... (1995) suggested that the ratio Ne/N in natural populations would typically be in the order of 0.1. Large portions of the genome of any organism are selectively neutral, or at least nearly so at any given point in time. It may thus be argued that genetic variation is irrelevant for population surviv ...
... (1995) suggested that the ratio Ne/N in natural populations would typically be in the order of 0.1. Large portions of the genome of any organism are selectively neutral, or at least nearly so at any given point in time. It may thus be argued that genetic variation is irrelevant for population surviv ...
The life and times of Charles Darwin
... begins with an account of his early years with a description of the times in England and the events that led Darwin to join the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. For Darwin, this was followed by a five-year data-gathering phase during the voyage on the Beagle in which he encountered the world at large – the ...
... begins with an account of his early years with a description of the times in England and the events that led Darwin to join the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle. For Darwin, this was followed by a five-year data-gathering phase during the voyage on the Beagle in which he encountered the world at large – the ...
the biology of speciation
... Since Darwin published the “Origin,” great progress has been made in our understanding of speciation mechanisms. The early investigations by Mayr and Dobzhansky linked Darwin’s view of speciation by adaptive divergence to the evolution of reproductive isolation, and thus provided a framework for stu ...
... Since Darwin published the “Origin,” great progress has been made in our understanding of speciation mechanisms. The early investigations by Mayr and Dobzhansky linked Darwin’s view of speciation by adaptive divergence to the evolution of reproductive isolation, and thus provided a framework for stu ...
Darwinism and Whitman`s Poetic Program
... then, Whitman aims to unify science (materialism) and religion (spiritualism) and thereby create "robust" individuals in an ideal democracy. Whitman seeks to accomplish this apocalyptic vision through language, and one of the major techniques he uses is that of physical evolution as an analogue for ...
... then, Whitman aims to unify science (materialism) and religion (spiritualism) and thereby create "robust" individuals in an ideal democracy. Whitman seeks to accomplish this apocalyptic vision through language, and one of the major techniques he uses is that of physical evolution as an analogue for ...
SimBio Virtual Labs® EvoBeaker®: Finches and Evolution
... In 1835, while traveling with the British Survey ship HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin, then 26 years old, visited the Galapagos archipelago. During a five-week stay, Darwin collected a variety of small land birds that he took to be finches, wrens, warblers, and blackbirds. Upon returning home to England, ...
... In 1835, while traveling with the British Survey ship HMS Beagle, Charles Darwin, then 26 years old, visited the Galapagos archipelago. During a five-week stay, Darwin collected a variety of small land birds that he took to be finches, wrens, warblers, and blackbirds. Upon returning home to England, ...
Migration and the Genetic Covariance between Habitat Preference
... Walking sticks have relatively low motility (Sandoval 1993), allowing selection to cause divergence between populations within a heterogeneous site (Sandoval 1994b; Nosil et al. 2003; Nosil 2004). Morphological and molecular data indicate, however, that some migration between populations on differen ...
... Walking sticks have relatively low motility (Sandoval 1993), allowing selection to cause divergence between populations within a heterogeneous site (Sandoval 1994b; Nosil et al. 2003; Nosil 2004). Morphological and molecular data indicate, however, that some migration between populations on differen ...
Asa Gray and Charles Darwin: Corresponding Naturalists The
... Other letters went regularly to botanists elsewhere in the world. In those early years of national expansion, and then as Gray’s teaching, publishing ventures, and researches expanded, lasting friendships were made and the botanical collections at Harvard were materially advanced. This correspondenc ...
... Other letters went regularly to botanists elsewhere in the world. In those early years of national expansion, and then as Gray’s teaching, publishing ventures, and researches expanded, lasting friendships were made and the botanical collections at Harvard were materially advanced. This correspondenc ...
Evolution - Krishikosh
... final state in which the universe is undifferentiated in its parts, and therefore simpler than at present. It is the peculiarity of biological evolution that it has in fact been characterized, in general and apart from many exceptions, by progress from smaller and simpler organisms to larger and mor ...
... final state in which the universe is undifferentiated in its parts, and therefore simpler than at present. It is the peculiarity of biological evolution that it has in fact been characterized, in general and apart from many exceptions, by progress from smaller and simpler organisms to larger and mor ...
Evolution - Free
... of evolution through natural selection, which was formulated by Charles Darwin in terms of variable populations. Partly influenced by An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) by Thomas Robert Malthus, Darwin noted that population growth would lead to a “struggle for existence” in which favorabl ...
... of evolution through natural selection, which was formulated by Charles Darwin in terms of variable populations. Partly influenced by An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798) by Thomas Robert Malthus, Darwin noted that population growth would lead to a “struggle for existence” in which favorabl ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.