The nature of developmental constraints and the difference
... Many structures are logically possible, but physically unstable, because they cannot support their own weight, etc. Physical stability is not a purely internal notion. Technically, it is contingent on things like the size of the planet (and, therefore, the force of gravity on the structure). Althoug ...
... Many structures are logically possible, but physically unstable, because they cannot support their own weight, etc. Physical stability is not a purely internal notion. Technically, it is contingent on things like the size of the planet (and, therefore, the force of gravity on the structure). Althoug ...
Asa Gray and Charles Darwin: Corresponding Naturalist Janet
... Other letters went regularly to botanists elsewhere in the world. In those early years of national expansion, and then as Gray’s teaching, publishing ventures, and researches expanded, lasting friendships were made and the botanical collections at Harvard were materially advanced. This correspondenc ...
... Other letters went regularly to botanists elsewhere in the world. In those early years of national expansion, and then as Gray’s teaching, publishing ventures, and researches expanded, lasting friendships were made and the botanical collections at Harvard were materially advanced. This correspondenc ...
One - Svet logike
... Darwin understood the phrase, it did not mean a naturalist who is interested in philosophy, but a naturalist who seeks a scientific explanation for the patterns observed in nature. A philosophical naturalist would not be content merely to describe and catalogue the species that populate the Earth, b ...
... Darwin understood the phrase, it did not mean a naturalist who is interested in philosophy, but a naturalist who seeks a scientific explanation for the patterns observed in nature. A philosophical naturalist would not be content merely to describe and catalogue the species that populate the Earth, b ...
Sympatric speciation in animals: the ugly duckling grows up
... they are small, be subject to strong genetic drift, which leads to REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION. The work of Dobzhansky and Muller in the 1930s–1940s (reviews in Ref. 3 and Turelli et al.4, this issue) provided a ready genetic mechanism for ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION. In geographically isolated populations, re ...
... they are small, be subject to strong genetic drift, which leads to REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION. The work of Dobzhansky and Muller in the 1930s–1940s (reviews in Ref. 3 and Turelli et al.4, this issue) provided a ready genetic mechanism for ALLOPATRIC SPECIATION. In geographically isolated populations, re ...
UN1001 Discussion Questions
... evolution proved to be true before it became generally accepted? If not, how did it come to be regarded as a fact? 9/16/03: Futuyma, chapter 4 1. What is Futuyma’s main purpose in chapter 4? How does it fit in with the overall purpose of the book? 2. Futuyma argues that if scientists rejected the pr ...
... evolution proved to be true before it became generally accepted? If not, how did it come to be regarded as a fact? 9/16/03: Futuyma, chapter 4 1. What is Futuyma’s main purpose in chapter 4? How does it fit in with the overall purpose of the book? 2. Futuyma argues that if scientists rejected the pr ...
Richardson and Chipman 2003
... maladaptive is not relevant to the consideration of generative constraints. The only consideration is whether developmental mechanisms can produce a given phenotype. Sorting processes, such as random drift and natural selection, lead to differences among the frequencies of available phenotypes; they ...
... maladaptive is not relevant to the consideration of generative constraints. The only consideration is whether developmental mechanisms can produce a given phenotype. Sorting processes, such as random drift and natural selection, lead to differences among the frequencies of available phenotypes; they ...
Cultural selection
... a beneficial trait or ability by learning, is able to transmit this acquired trait to its offspring (Lamarck 1809). The idea that acquired traits can be inherited is called lamarckism after him. Half a century later the english biologist Charles Darwin published the famous book "On the origin of Spe ...
... a beneficial trait or ability by learning, is able to transmit this acquired trait to its offspring (Lamarck 1809). The idea that acquired traits can be inherited is called lamarckism after him. Half a century later the english biologist Charles Darwin published the famous book "On the origin of Spe ...
Hen`s Teeth and Horse`s Toes
... One popular 19th century school of thought that attempted to make the case that morality could be found in nature was natural theology [ELP 9, LMC 15]. Some of the ideas date back to antiquity, but the seminal document is William Paley’s 1802 book of this title. Natural theology, as opposed to reve ...
... One popular 19th century school of thought that attempted to make the case that morality could be found in nature was natural theology [ELP 9, LMC 15]. Some of the ideas date back to antiquity, but the seminal document is William Paley’s 1802 book of this title. Natural theology, as opposed to reve ...
When is it Selectively Advantageous to Have True Beliefs
... It is important to be clear about what believing the true and desiring the good means. If an organism believes the true, for example, it does not mean that the organism must have a true belief about the proposition in question in any given decision problem in which that proposition is used. Rather, ...
... It is important to be clear about what believing the true and desiring the good means. If an organism believes the true, for example, it does not mean that the organism must have a true belief about the proposition in question in any given decision problem in which that proposition is used. Rather, ...
Space, sympatry and speciation
... the most general (geographic) mode of speciation’ (quotations are from Gavrilets, 2003: 2198), while sympatric and allopatric modes become extreme limits at the ends of the range of possibilities. Although we criticize here the application of strictly demic assumptions to debates about the frequency ...
... the most general (geographic) mode of speciation’ (quotations are from Gavrilets, 2003: 2198), while sympatric and allopatric modes become extreme limits at the ends of the range of possibilities. Although we criticize here the application of strictly demic assumptions to debates about the frequency ...
Darwin - Thedivineconspiracy.org
... mismatches between the Darwin who is invoked by today’s biologists eager to defend their corner, and the Darwin who wrote the Origin of Species and the Descent of Man. Yet in spite of these differences, modern Darwinians regularly apply the concepts of modern evolutionary theory to the same issues – ...
... mismatches between the Darwin who is invoked by today’s biologists eager to defend their corner, and the Darwin who wrote the Origin of Species and the Descent of Man. Yet in spite of these differences, modern Darwinians regularly apply the concepts of modern evolutionary theory to the same issues – ...
Philosophy of Science Matters - The Shifting Balance of Factors
... causing her to recognize that what I say to her is a correct answer to her question is meant to rule out cases in which I do something like direct her to a book that has the answer to her question. This might put her in the appropriate cognitive state eventually, but not by explaining the shifting b ...
... causing her to recognize that what I say to her is a correct answer to her question is meant to rule out cases in which I do something like direct her to a book that has the answer to her question. This might put her in the appropriate cognitive state eventually, but not by explaining the shifting b ...
Nature`s Fancy: Charles Darwin and the Breeding of Pigeons
... and abstracted books and articles. His original plan, as is well known, was to publish a large work in several volumes. This would have undoubtedly appeared in the early 1860s if he had not been interrupted by the famous letter from Alfred Russel Wallace that led him to condense the massive tome int ...
... and abstracted books and articles. His original plan, as is well known, was to publish a large work in several volumes. This would have undoubtedly appeared in the early 1860s if he had not been interrupted by the famous letter from Alfred Russel Wallace that led him to condense the massive tome int ...
NIETZSCHE AND EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Poststructuralisl thinkers lend re/alionship
... so frequently identified with one of the very nineteenth century figures who se theory of evolution he repeatedly sought to challenge and whom he dismissed as an intellectual mediocrity. The poststructuralist view of Nietzsche's relationship to science is one with much merit, since Nietzsche did aim ...
... so frequently identified with one of the very nineteenth century figures who se theory of evolution he repeatedly sought to challenge and whom he dismissed as an intellectual mediocrity. The poststructuralist view of Nietzsche's relationship to science is one with much merit, since Nietzsche did aim ...
Adaptive speciation when assortative mating is
... Similarly, the parameter l was fixed at 0.001 for most results. For the numbers of loci considered here, this value ensures reasonable per trait mutation rates. For example, if the ecological trait is determined by five loci in the above model, then in each generation, fewer than one in a hundred of ...
... Similarly, the parameter l was fixed at 0.001 for most results. For the numbers of loci considered here, this value ensures reasonable per trait mutation rates. For example, if the ecological trait is determined by five loci in the above model, then in each generation, fewer than one in a hundred of ...
Specious Speciation: Response to Talk Origins Speciation FAQ
... no evidence that Darwinian processes can produce new complex biological features or largescale change. Indeed, the primary finding of this analysis is that the examples in the FAQ do not report the kind of change which shows Darwinian processes can produce fundamentally new types of organisms, new c ...
... no evidence that Darwinian processes can produce new complex biological features or largescale change. Indeed, the primary finding of this analysis is that the examples in the FAQ do not report the kind of change which shows Darwinian processes can produce fundamentally new types of organisms, new c ...
use of an explicit method for distinguishing exaptations from
... and therefore their correlation with adaptive processes directed towards the conquest of land during this period of the Paleozoic Era is not well grounded. As a whole, the ensemble of exaptations permits to falsify the correlation of terrestriality with adaptive scenarios. On the basis of characters ...
... and therefore their correlation with adaptive processes directed towards the conquest of land during this period of the Paleozoic Era is not well grounded. As a whole, the ensemble of exaptations permits to falsify the correlation of terrestriality with adaptive scenarios. On the basis of characters ...
Hamilton`s rule
... In an incendiary 2010 Nature article, M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita and E. O. Wilson present a savage critique of the best known and most widely used framework for the study of social evolution, W. D. Hamilton’s theory of kin selection. Over a hundred biologists have since rallied to the theory’s defen ...
... In an incendiary 2010 Nature article, M. A. Nowak, C. E. Tarnita and E. O. Wilson present a savage critique of the best known and most widely used framework for the study of social evolution, W. D. Hamilton’s theory of kin selection. Over a hundred biologists have since rallied to the theory’s defen ...
Reprint
... Given that bleaching resistance is an emergent trait of two interacting species, how do we expect it to evolve in response to increased sea temperature? For example, does the fact that the trait arises from an intimate, mutualistic interaction constrain its evolution? How do various aspects of the c ...
... Given that bleaching resistance is an emergent trait of two interacting species, how do we expect it to evolve in response to increased sea temperature? For example, does the fact that the trait arises from an intimate, mutualistic interaction constrain its evolution? How do various aspects of the c ...
A Comparative Genomic Study of Human and Chimpanzee
... 7.1 Distribution of Disease-Associated Mutations in p53 . . . . . . . 7.2 Characterization of Selective Constraints on p53 Codon Sites . . 7.3 Mapping Selective Pressures in the Structure of p53 . . . . . . . 7.4 Selective Pressures and Mutations Associated with Cancer in p53 7.5 Testing Association ...
... 7.1 Distribution of Disease-Associated Mutations in p53 . . . . . . . 7.2 Characterization of Selective Constraints on p53 Codon Sites . . 7.3 Mapping Selective Pressures in the Structure of p53 . . . . . . . 7.4 Selective Pressures and Mutations Associated with Cancer in p53 7.5 Testing Association ...
3 pts - Ionia Public Schools
... What fact of nature, pointed out by Malthus, is responsible for the struggle for existence among organisms? (reproductive potential exceeds carrying capacity) ...
... What fact of nature, pointed out by Malthus, is responsible for the struggle for existence among organisms? (reproductive potential exceeds carrying capacity) ...
Genetic Mechanisms for Adapting to a Changing Environment
... by NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY on 02/23/05. For personal use only. ...
... by NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY on 02/23/05. For personal use only. ...
- CUNY Academic Works
... or organisms can react non-deterministically, or niches can be constructed not merely inhabited, then selection may be non-random, but not 'natural' so much as 'organic'. viii – Variation................................................................................................................. ...
... or organisms can react non-deterministically, or niches can be constructed not merely inhabited, then selection may be non-random, but not 'natural' so much as 'organic'. viii – Variation................................................................................................................. ...
Document
... from relatively simple two-species model communities, it has recently been shown that the presence ...
... from relatively simple two-species model communities, it has recently been shown that the presence ...
Maternal effects and evolution at ecological time
... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
... 1. Genetic and environmental maternal effects can play an important role in the evolutionary dynamics of a population: they may have a substantial impact on the rate and direction of genetic change in response to selection, and they may generate immediate phenotypic change via phenotypic plasticity. ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.