Descended from Darwin
... (1991, p. 23) claimed that “during the first fifteen years of the twentieth century, objections from natural scientists to Darwinianism were common,” and he carved out a quote from Darwinism To-Day to make Kellogg offer the unqualified claim, “The fair truth is that Darwinian selection theories . . ...
... (1991, p. 23) claimed that “during the first fifteen years of the twentieth century, objections from natural scientists to Darwinianism were common,” and he carved out a quote from Darwinism To-Day to make Kellogg offer the unqualified claim, “The fair truth is that Darwinian selection theories . . ...
Charles Darwin, Alfred Russel Wallace, and the Evolution
... first paper analyzing the role of natural selection in human evolution. With regard to the first question, he argued that we are a single species descended from a common ancestor (which was controversial at that time). The novel central thesis, however, was that, at a certain point in our evolutiona ...
... first paper analyzing the role of natural selection in human evolution. With regard to the first question, he argued that we are a single species descended from a common ancestor (which was controversial at that time). The novel central thesis, however, was that, at a certain point in our evolutiona ...
Neutral Evolution and Aesthetics
... activity that synthesizes already existing elements according to known laws. This would correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable. Art must also involve essentially unpredictable activity that while conforming to mec ...
... activity that synthesizes already existing elements according to known laws. This would correspond to the aspect of directionality. However, if a work of art were completely directional it would be too predictable. Art must also involve essentially unpredictable activity that while conforming to mec ...
Document
... (natural selection), acting during long ages and rigidly scrutinising the whole constitution, structure, and habits of each creature,-favouring the good and rejecting the bad.” Charles Darwin Origin of the Species ...
... (natural selection), acting during long ages and rigidly scrutinising the whole constitution, structure, and habits of each creature,-favouring the good and rejecting the bad.” Charles Darwin Origin of the Species ...
Darwin On Trial
... making an important point. We can point to a mystery and call it "evolution," but this is only a label. The important question is not whether scientists have agreed on a label, but how much they know about how complex living beings like ourselves came into existence. Irving Kristol is a prominent so ...
... making an important point. We can point to a mystery and call it "evolution," but this is only a label. The important question is not whether scientists have agreed on a label, but how much they know about how complex living beings like ourselves came into existence. Irving Kristol is a prominent so ...
Different Evolutionary Paths to Complexity for Small and
... content [3, 29]. At a later time, this slightly deleterious genome content may be mutated into novel beneficial traits [4, 33]. However, recent work on valley crossing in asexual populations (and sexual populations with a low recombination rate) showed that both small and large populations valley-cr ...
... content [3, 29]. At a later time, this slightly deleterious genome content may be mutated into novel beneficial traits [4, 33]. However, recent work on valley crossing in asexual populations (and sexual populations with a low recombination rate) showed that both small and large populations valley-cr ...
The role of hermaphrodites in the experimental evolution of
... under selfing may have increased as well but there was little if any evolution of hermaphrodite fitness components expressed under outcrossing. These results suggest that males were the primary drivers in the adaptive evolution of outcrossing. Correlated evolution between population fitness and male ...
... under selfing may have increased as well but there was little if any evolution of hermaphrodite fitness components expressed under outcrossing. These results suggest that males were the primary drivers in the adaptive evolution of outcrossing. Correlated evolution between population fitness and male ...
Chapter 13
... Encompasses the origins of new species and major episodes of extinction Microevolution Evolutionary change on a small scale Encompasses the genetic changes that occur within a species over time These changes are the result of changes in gene frequencies Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Per ...
... Encompasses the origins of new species and major episodes of extinction Microevolution Evolutionary change on a small scale Encompasses the genetic changes that occur within a species over time These changes are the result of changes in gene frequencies Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Per ...
The Living World - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... Encompasses the origins of new species and major episodes of extinction Microevolution Evolutionary change on a small scale Encompasses the genetic changes that occur within a species over time These changes are the result of changes in gene frequencies Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Per ...
... Encompasses the origins of new species and major episodes of extinction Microevolution Evolutionary change on a small scale Encompasses the genetic changes that occur within a species over time These changes are the result of changes in gene frequencies Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Per ...
The Living World
... Encompasses the origins of new species and major episodes of extinction Microevolution Evolutionary change on a small scale Encompasses the genetic changes that occur within a species over time These changes are the result of changes in gene frequencies Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Per ...
... Encompasses the origins of new species and major episodes of extinction Microevolution Evolutionary change on a small scale Encompasses the genetic changes that occur within a species over time These changes are the result of changes in gene frequencies Copyright ©The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Per ...
Wallace, Alfred Russel (1823-1913) - TopSCHOLAR
... undermined Wallace's health to the extent that he decided to leave the region. On returning to Para he was told that his younger brother Herbert, who had joined the expedition in 1849, had succumbed to yellow fever some months earlier. Earlier he had discovered that through an unfortunate misunderst ...
... undermined Wallace's health to the extent that he decided to leave the region. On returning to Para he was told that his younger brother Herbert, who had joined the expedition in 1849, had succumbed to yellow fever some months earlier. Earlier he had discovered that through an unfortunate misunderst ...
284 VOL. 63 evidence for mass migration of
... actually propose exactly the same idea. For example, Kutschera (2003) lists six important differences between the two original papers, some of which became more apparent when the authors later elaborated on their own versions. Indeed, Wallace became what we would now call a neo-Darwinist (Darwinism ...
... actually propose exactly the same idea. For example, Kutschera (2003) lists six important differences between the two original papers, some of which became more apparent when the authors later elaborated on their own versions. Indeed, Wallace became what we would now call a neo-Darwinist (Darwinism ...
A722: Seminar in Biological Anthropology – 7 September 2016 pg. 1
... A722: Seminar in Biological Anthropology – 7 September 2016 pg. 1 ...
... A722: Seminar in Biological Anthropology – 7 September 2016 pg. 1 ...
Human Origins
... Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 he was an English naturalist who gained great fame for the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection or the well known Darwin's finches theory. (EGS) The theory of natural selection that he develop when he saw the birds on the Galapagos ...
... Charles Darwin was born on February 12, 1809 he was an English naturalist who gained great fame for the development of his theory of evolution by natural selection or the well known Darwin's finches theory. (EGS) The theory of natural selection that he develop when he saw the birds on the Galapagos ...
Temperature-Related Genetic Changes in Laboratory Populations of
... been sampled twice: after 1 and 2 years since foundation when they had already diverged for 27 and 51 generations at most, respectively. The results certainly show that the chromosomal inversion polymorphism has quickly and consistently responded to thermal regime, but the trends were generally not ...
... been sampled twice: after 1 and 2 years since foundation when they had already diverged for 27 and 51 generations at most, respectively. The results certainly show that the chromosomal inversion polymorphism has quickly and consistently responded to thermal regime, but the trends were generally not ...
Asexual but not clonal: evolutionary processes in
... are genetically identical to their mother. These two extreme genetic systems can also be alternated, e.g. a few generations of clonal reproduction followed by one round of sexual reproduction. Such systems are found in many fungi (e.g., yeast) but also in animals such as aphids that exhibit ‘cyclica ...
... are genetically identical to their mother. These two extreme genetic systems can also be alternated, e.g. a few generations of clonal reproduction followed by one round of sexual reproduction. Such systems are found in many fungi (e.g., yeast) but also in animals such as aphids that exhibit ‘cyclica ...
empirical evidence for bet hedging Modes of response to
... Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 Uncertainty is a problem not only in human decision-making, but is a prevalent quality of natural environments and thus requires evolutionary response. Unpredictable natural selection is expected to re ...
... Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 Uncertainty is a problem not only in human decision-making, but is a prevalent quality of natural environments and thus requires evolutionary response. Unpredictable natural selection is expected to re ...
5 The Theory of Natural Selection - The application of population
... selection probably operate in many real cases, but the models we shall consider in this chapter all express selection in terms of differences in chance of survival. This is not to suggest that selection always operates only on survival; it is to keep the models simple and consistent. The model, in t ...
... selection probably operate in many real cases, but the models we shall consider in this chapter all express selection in terms of differences in chance of survival. This is not to suggest that selection always operates only on survival; it is to keep the models simple and consistent. The model, in t ...
Local differentiation in the defensive morphology of an
... adapted. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce alternate phenotypes based ...
... adapted. Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of a genotype to produce alternate phenotypes based ...
Geographical patterns of adaptation within a species` range
... more homogenous species and poorest levels of local adaptation at the periphery of the range. Here, we derive some simple predictions for the mean fitness as a function of spatial location assuming that spatial characteristics of populations do not fluctuate through time once equilibrium has been re ...
... more homogenous species and poorest levels of local adaptation at the periphery of the range. Here, we derive some simple predictions for the mean fitness as a function of spatial location assuming that spatial characteristics of populations do not fluctuate through time once equilibrium has been re ...
modelling the ecological context of evolutionary change
... important part of the motivation for the development of theoretical evolutionary ecology. (Ironically, the most recent theoretical developments in evolutionary ecology have returned to the assumption of a separation of timescales, but I will explain this later.) To better illustrate these ideas, I w ...
... important part of the motivation for the development of theoretical evolutionary ecology. (Ironically, the most recent theoretical developments in evolutionary ecology have returned to the assumption of a separation of timescales, but I will explain this later.) To better illustrate these ideas, I w ...
Philosophy of Biology: A Contemporary Introduction
... published On the Origin of Species. This process continues, for there are other disciplines, still in the process of spinning themselves off from philosophy. As the sciences establish their separate existences, two questions arise: Do the sciences leave anything to philosophy when they “spin off,” a ...
... published On the Origin of Species. This process continues, for there are other disciplines, still in the process of spinning themselves off from philosophy. As the sciences establish their separate existences, two questions arise: Do the sciences leave anything to philosophy when they “spin off,” a ...
Adaptive speciation: the role of natural selection in mechanisms of
... The first approach, what I call the Ôspandrel approachÕ, achieved widespread approbation following the publication of MayrÕs Systematics and the origin of species (1942). ÔSpandrelsÕ are traits that arise as incidental by-products of natural selection.7 According to the spandrel approach, natural sel ...
... The first approach, what I call the Ôspandrel approachÕ, achieved widespread approbation following the publication of MayrÕs Systematics and the origin of species (1942). ÔSpandrelsÕ are traits that arise as incidental by-products of natural selection.7 According to the spandrel approach, natural sel ...
Murdering Darwin`s Child—Toward an Intelligent Evolution and a
... were principles based upon a constantly changing environment along with very small variations that affected individual survival and response to environmental pressures resulting in differential death rates and moreover that species held a tendency to form new perpetuating varieties. These resulted i ...
... were principles based upon a constantly changing environment along with very small variations that affected individual survival and response to environmental pressures resulting in differential death rates and moreover that species held a tendency to form new perpetuating varieties. These resulted i ...
DARWINIAN STRUGGLES: BUT IS THERE PROGRESS?
... Michael Ruse Florida State University At the heart of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is the struggle for existence.1 Organisms are in ongoing conflict as they strive for food, space, and reproductive opportunities. It is from this struggle that we are led to natural selection, the success of so ...
... Michael Ruse Florida State University At the heart of Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is the struggle for existence.1 Organisms are in ongoing conflict as they strive for food, space, and reproductive opportunities. It is from this struggle that we are led to natural selection, the success of so ...
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype; it is a key mechanism of evolution. The term ""natural selection"" was popularised by Charles Darwin, who intended it to be compared with artificial selection, now more commonly referred to as selective breeding.Variation exists within all populations of organisms. This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and these mutations can be passed to offspring. Throughout the individuals’ lives, their genomes interact with their environments to cause variations in traits. (The environment of a genome includes the molecular biology in the cell, other cells, other individuals, populations, species, as well as the abiotic environment.) Individuals with certain variants of the trait may survive and reproduce more than individuals with other, less successful, variants. Therefore, the population evolves. Factors that affect reproductive success are also important, an issue that Darwin developed in his ideas on sexual selection, which was redefined as being included in natural selection in the 1930s when biologists considered it not to be very important, and fecundity selection, for example.Natural selection acts on the phenotype, or the observable characteristics of an organism, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population (see allele frequency). Over time, this process can result in populations that specialise for particular ecological niches (microevolution) and may eventually result in the emergence of new species (macroevolution). In other words, natural selection is an important process (though not the only process) by which evolution takes place within a population of organisms. Natural selection can be contrasted with artificial selection, in which humans intentionally choose specific traits (although they may not always get what they want). In natural selection there is no intentional choice. In other words, artificial selection is teleological and natural selection is not teleological.Natural selection is one of the cornerstones of modern biology. The concept was published by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in a joint presentation of papers in 1858, and set out in Darwin's influential 1859 book On the Origin of Species, in which natural selection was described as analogous to artificial selection, a process by which animals and plants with traits considered desirable by human breeders are systematically favoured for reproduction. The concept of natural selection was originally developed in the absence of a valid theory of heredity; at the time of Darwin's writing, nothing was known of modern genetics. The union of traditional Darwinian evolution with subsequent discoveries in classical and molecular genetics is termed the modern evolutionary synthesis. Natural selection remains the primary explanation for adaptive evolution.