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Transcript
Name ____________________________________________________ Period _______ Score _________ Unit 2: Plate Tectonics Unit Objectives Identify that the sources of Earth’s internal heat (radioactive decay and heat of formation) Trace the lines of scientific evidence that lead to the inference that Earth’s core, mantle and crust are each made up of different materials Trace the lines of scientific evidence that lead to the inference that Earth’s lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, outer core and inner core each have different physical properties Explain how convection currents help distribute heat within the mantle Explain Alfred Wegener’s continental drift hypothesis, his evidence, and why it was not accepted in his time Cite examples of how the geologic record preserves evidence of past changes Establish the importance of the discovery of mid-ocean ridges, oceanic trenches, and magnetic striping of the sea floor to the development of the modern theory of plate tectonics Explain how mantle plumes provide evidence for the rate and direction of tectonic plate movement Organize and evaluate the evidence for the current theory of plate tectonics Layers of the Earth The Earth is composed of four different layers: ___________________________________________________ The Crust ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Continental Crust: ________________________________________________________________ Oceanic Crust: __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ The Mantle ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Lithosphere: ____________________________________________________________________ Asthenosphere: __________________________________________________________________ o ________________________________________________________________________ Mesosphere: _____________________________________________________________________ o ________________________________________________________________________ 1 The Outer Core __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ The Inner Core __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Why is the Earth’s core so hot? ________________________________________________________ Heat of formation: __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ Radioactive Decay: __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Layer of Earth Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Outer Core Inner Core Thickness Made out of State of matter Unique Properties How Do We Know All This? _________________________________________________________________________________ Shadow Zones: ___________________________________________________________________ S-wave: __________________________________________________________________________ 2 Color and label the following: continental crust (green), oceanic crust (black), lithosphere, asthenosphere (brown), mesosphere (yellow), mantle, outer core (orange), inner core (red). Convection Currents Convection: _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ Draw convection currents in the Earth’s mantle 3 Continental Drift • Create a TREE MAP of the evidence that helped you piece the puzzle together. Writing: Explain how you reconstructed the supercontinent Pangaea and list least 3 piece of evidence that led to your decision. Writing should be in complete sentences (2 points) and have at least three sentences. (6 points total) __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Continental Drift Alfred Wegener: ___________________________________________________________________________ Pangaea: _______________________________________________________________________ Panthalassa: _____________________________________________________________________ Evidence 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________________________ When where Alfred Wegener’s ideas about Continental Drift accepted? ________________________________________________________________________________________ Why weren’t his ideas about Continental Drift accepted until then? _________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 New evidence to back up the Theory of Continental Drift: SEA FLOOR SPREADING Harry Hess: _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ Mid-Ocean Ridge: ___________________________________________________________________ o ______________________________________________________________________ o ______________________________________________________________________ o ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Seafloor Spreading Map Instructions and Questions Part A: Color the map on the next page according to these directions Label the two mid-ocean ridges (the dark black lines) o The East Pacific Rise is in the Pacific Ocean o The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is in the Atlantic Ocean Color the Seafloor Spreading Map as follows: o 1.Red 2. Orange 3. Yellow 4. Green 5. Blue 6. Purple Continents: Brown Part B: Answer these questions on this paper after you complete part A. 1. How does the age of the rock change as you move away from the mid-ocean ridge? _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Where is the youngest rock found? ____________________________________________________ 3. What is the age of the youngest rock? __________________________________________________ 4. What is the age of the oldest seafloor? ____________________________________________________ 5. Where do you find the oldest seafloor? ___________________________________________________ 6. Which mid-ocean ridge is longer? ________________________________________________________ 7. Would older fossils be found in the green section or the orange section? _________________________ 8. Describe how sea-floor spreading creates new rock using your own words. _____________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 5 6 Paleomagnetism Review: __________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ The magnetic field protects Earth from ____________________________________________ If the outer core were to become _______________, there would be no ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Magnetite: __________________________________________________________________________ o ___________________________________________________________________________ o ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ o ___________________________________________________________________________ Draw a diagram of earth’s magnetic reversals Plate Tectonics The Theory of Plate Tectonics: ________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ What causes plate motion? 1. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 7 8