Download CH 15_ 16_ _ 17 Exam Review

Chapter 15, 16, & 17 Exam Review
1. In the scientific method, what do scientists need to do before coming up with a
hypothesis? Darwin did this before coming up with his concepts.
2. What was the name of the ship that Darwin was on during his voyage in the
Galapagos Islands?
3. What is the idea of survival of the fittest?
4. What is natural selection and what do organisms need to better survive in nature?
5. What did Darwin’s theory of evolution basically state?
6. Darwin published/wrote a book called ______________________?
7. What is artificial selection and how does it differ from natural selection?
8. What are vestigial structures?
9. What is an adaptation? Does it always need to be a physical feature?
10. According to Darwin, what is fitness?
11. What is the term given to the combined genetic information of all members of a
population?
12. What is the allelic frequency if an allele makes up one fourth of a population?
13. What is a single-gene trait and what is an example of a single-gene trait?
14. What type of graph would represent a polygenic trait throughout a population?
15. What are the 3 ways that natural selection can affect the distribution of
phenotypes in a population?
16. What type of selection is it when individuals at only one end of a bell-shaped
curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness?
17. What type of selection is it when individual with an average form of a trait have
the highest fitness?
18. What is genetic equilibrium?
19. What is necessary for genetic equilibrium & to be able to use the Hardy-Weinberg
Equations?
20. What is speciation?
21. What is the term for the separation of populations by barriers such as rivers,
mountains, or bodies of water?
22. What is the unique factor necessary for the formation of a new species?
23. What percentage of all species that ever lived has become extinct?
24. Put the Eras in order from most recent to oldest.
25. What was the only necessary condition for the first life forms to successfully live?
It’s also where the first organisms actually lived.
26. Where do most fossils form & how do they form?
27. What are some examples of fossils?
28. What is earth’s most recent era?
29. What organisms were best known for living during the Jurassic and Cretaceous
periods?
30. What differences are apparent in the bodies of the three tortoise species shown in
the figure above?
31. Vegetation on Hood Island is sparse and sometimes hard to reach. How might the
vegetation have affected the evolution of the Hood Island tortoise shown in the
figure above?
32. According to Graph A in the figure above, what has occurred?
33. According to Graph B in the figure above, what has occurred?
34. According to Graph C in the figure above, what has occurred?
35. A very large population of randomly-mating laboratory mice contains 30% white
mice. White coloring is caused by the double recessive genotype, "aa". Calculate
allelic and genotypic frequencies for this population.
Calculate the following frequencies:
a. (f) aa = ?
b. (f) Aa = ?
c. (f) AA = ?
d. (f) a = ?
e. (f) A = ?