Download Chapter 6: Ancient Greece (Notes and Study Guide)

Name _______________________________
Section ____________________
Teacher ______________________________________
By the end of this chapter you will be able to…
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Identify key geographic features of Ancient Greece and explain their effect on the civilization.
Explain how the Ancient Greek civilization rose as a result of two groups of people.
Describe how government began in Ancient Greece and how that government impacts our
civilization today.
Describe the characteristics of the Golden Age of Athens and understand what life was like
during that time period.
Explain the religious beliefs of the Ancient Greeks and how they impacted their civilization’s
development.
Understand the Greek contribution to science, philosophy, and the arts.
Explain the similarities and differences between life in Athens and life in Sparta.
Describe the practice of slavery and its effects in Ancient Greece.
Describe the Persian invasion of Greece and its effects on the Greeks.
Explain the impact of Alexander the Great on the Ancient Greek empire.
Understand the importance of the Hellenistic Age and describe how the Greek culture spread to
other parts of the world.
Remember that for each civilization we study you should understand…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What affect did physical geography have on the civilization?
What historical accomplishments are they known for?
What were their beliefs and values?
What forms of government did they have?
How did they develop an economic system?
Chapter 6 vocabulary
1. peninsula:
2. acropolis:
3. aristocrat:
4. tyrant:
5. democracy:
6. oracle:
7. philosopher:
8. tragedy:
9. Athens:
10. agora:
11. vendor:
12. slavery:
13. helot:
14. Peloponnesian War:
15. plague:
16. blockade:
17. barbarian:
18. assassinate:
19. Alexander the Great:
20. Hellenistic:
Lesson 6.1
Early Greek Civilizations
p. 168-173
The Geography of Greece
1. The country of Greece is a _____________ and
many smaller _____________. It’s mainland is a
peninsula because it is almost completely
surrounded by __________ and connected to the
mainland by only a narrow
_________________________.
2. The country of Greece is very __________________
and as a result has very little land that is good for
___________________.
3. Many people of Greece are traders and sailors because ____________________________
___________________________________________________________________.
4. Although the country of Greece is not an island, Ancient Greeks were all considered
_____________ because even those who did not live on an island were ____________
from other communities because of the many _____________ that separated them.
a. Since the communities were so isolated from each other they each developed their own
_________________ and ______________.
The Rise of Greek Civilization
5. Two ancient people that contributed to the Greek civilization were the
_________________ and the ___________________.
a. The ________________ lived on the island of Crete (circle this island on the map above)
and dominated trade in the ___________ Sea (underline this sea).
b. The _________________ were the likely invaders that forced the Minoan civilization
to decline even though they focused their culture on the mainland of ____________.
i. Instead of relying on trade to spread their power like the ________________
did, the Minoans relied on ____________________ to spread their power.
6. Trade was a cause of several struggles in Ancient Greece, including the famous ___________
War. (The war was real struggle over __________ in the area, however some of the details
of the event were ______________).
a. According to the myth, ______________ conquered ______________ by using the
famous wooden ______________________ where Greek ______________ were
hiding inside.
i. The horse was supposedly wheeled to the ___________ of the city where the
Trojans brought the horse inside because they thought it was a __________.
ii. At nightfall the ___________ soldiers, that were hiding inside, climbed out
and let the rest of their __________ into Troy and were able to defeat the
________________ and destroy their city.
b. The story of the war is told in two ____________ (poems) titled The
____________ and The ______________ that were written by the poet named
_________________.
7. Trade was a cause of several struggles in Ancient Greece, including the famous ___________
War. (The war was real struggle over __________ in the area, however some of the details
of the event were ______________).
a. According to the myth, ______________ conquered ______________ by using the
famous wooden ______________________ where Greek ______________ were
hiding inside.
8. Shortly after the Trojan War civilization in Greece _________________ and the time
period became known as the _________ Ages.
a. This time period is characterized by _____________________________________
______________________________________________________________.
b. As the civilization slowly came out of this time period and families began to resettle,
the built fortifications to ___________ themselves. These fortified hill of a city is
know as an ________________.
Governing Ancient Greece
9. Around 750 B.C. villages joined together to form __________, which would become
_________________.
10. _________________ were usually he rulers of the Greek city-states.
a. They had the power to rule because they were from __________ and
____________ families that controlled most of the ____________.
11. As a ____________ class developed (made up of merchants and ______________), they
were able to gain some military strength and take some of the power from the
_______________.
a. Many of these people became known as _______________, because they gained
power by using force to overthrow other rulers.
12. If a tyrant was too harsh they were often overthrown and replaced with a ______________
where citizens had a say in their ________________.
a. What nation can you think of today that is a democracy? _________________ why?
_____________________________________________________________
13. _____________ was the city state that had the strongest democracy.
14. Only citizens could have a say in the government. Who could be granted citizenship in
Athens? _____________________________________________________________
Lesson 6.2
Religion, Philosophy, and the Arts
p. 174-180
The Golden Age of Athens
1. During the Golden Age in Athens,
______________ and the ___________ flourished
and ______________ reached its highest point to the point that it was so successful that it
would be used as a ____________ for future civilizations.
2. Athens grew rich from _____________ and _______________ mined by slaves.
3. Athens also gained wealth by collecting _____________ from its allies and states it had
conquered who feared Athens’ strength.
4. During the Golden Age in Athens, ________________ was the most powerful man in the
government.
5. Pericles strengthened his democracy by bringing about changes through ______________,
including establishing a _______________ for officials to be paid by the city.
a. This allowed _______________ citizens to hold public office.
Religious Beliefs in Ancient Greece
6. Greeks worshiped a family of gods and goddesses called the _________________, each of
which ruled different areas of __________________ and the ___________
____________.
a. Greeks took great care in honoring their gods and tried to avoid angering them.
7. Wherever the Greeks lived, they built ______________ to their gods.
8. Since the Greeks believed in more than one god they were ____________________.
a. Although they believed in more than twelve Gods and Goddesses, the twelve great
gods were led by ____________, who ruled from atop of Mt. ______________,
the highest mountain in Greece.
i. In addition to the twelve great gods, they Greeks worshiped many
___________ ones and honored mythical __________ like Achilles.
ii. To honor Zeus, Greeks came together every _____ years for an
______________ festival and games, which the modern Olympic Games are
based on.
9. The Greeks visited ______________, or sacred sites to ask the gods for advice or for
predictions about the future that the Greeks took very seriously.
Greek Science and Philosophy
10. Philosophers believed that people could used the powers of the ________ along with
____________ to understand natural events.
11. During the Golden Age and later, several important philosophers taught in
_______________.
a. _________________: asked questions that challenged people’s beliefs.
i. He was brought to trial and accused of dishonoring the _______and misleading
people. The result: He was found ___________ and sentenced to death.
b. _________________: One of Socrates students who founded a school in Athens
called the Academy (considered to be the first university).
c. _________________: Plato’s student; believed that reason should guide the pursuit
of knowledge.
Visual and Dramatic Arts
12. The _______________ is the religious center of Athens.
a. A temple called The ______________ which was built to honor the goddess Athena
was the most magnificent building of the _______________. Inside the structure
stood a 40-foot statue of __________, made of ivory and gold.
13. Athenians were the first people to write ______________.
a. Some of the most famous dramas were ___________ usually end in disaster for the
main character.
i. Performances of tragedies were pars of contests held during religious
________________.
b. ________________ made fun of well-known citizens and politicians as well as
customs of the time.
Lesson 6.3
Daily Life in Athens
p. 181-185
1. Athens, was one of the most famous _________________ in ancient Greece.
Life in Public
2. The ___________ in Athens went to school,
while the women of the household stayed home
to do the day’s ___________ and other chores.
3. Every Greek city had an ___________, or public market and meeting place which was often
the center of public life and probably located in the center of the city.
4. It was mostly the _________ who went to the agora, where they would talk about
____________ and ______________ as well as purchase goods such as food, cloth, books,
etc from the _________________.
i. Temples and __________________ buildings lined the agora.
At Home in Athens
5. The homes in Athens were very ______________, unlike the public buildings.
i. Describe a typical Athenian home: ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
6. Like their homes, the ancient Greeks ate ______________ foods such as bread, cheese,
fruit, and vegetables. The also ate _______________ (think about how much coast line they
had!!) but very little meat because of how costly and rare it was.
7. Women had very limited ___________ compared to those of men. Women could NOT
participate in _____________ (government), could NOT _________, and could NOT own
________________.
i. One of the only official roles a woman could have was to be a __________________
in a religious ceremony.
ii. Women were in charge of running the ____________ and the _______________,
and if they were wealthy enough to own slaves they were in charge of them as well.
Slavery in Ancient Greece
8. Slaves made up almost ______ of the population of ancient Greece.
9. Many of the ancient Greek slaves were captured during ___________ and were many times
foreigners.
10. Since Athens had so many slaves, it allowed the citizens to have free time which they spent
focusing on __________, _________________, and public service.
Focus on The Agora of Athens (p. 186-187)
11. What kinds of activities took place in the Agora? ________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
12. What are some historic events that took place in the Athenian agora? __________________
____________________________________________________________________
13. What types of buildings were included in the Agora of Athens? _____________________
____________________________________________________________________
Lesson 6.4
Sparta and Athens
p. 188-193
1. Based on the introduction to the section in the story about the
Spartan boy, list traits that would be valued by the Spartans.
____________________________________________
Living in Sparta
2. Life in Sparta could be described as opposite of that of life in
______________.
3. Sparta had one basic rule: Always put the _____________
needs above your own.
4. As Sparta conquered the lands surrounding their city-state, they
turned the conquered people into __________: servants of
Sparta.
a. These people were used as ____________ on farms so that the land owners were free
to participate in _________.
5. Part of the reason that the ______________ were so dependent on their military was
because the citizens were outnumbered by the _____________, and afraid of them
revolting.
6. Describe the life of a young boy in ancient Sparta: (include ages, what they did, and why?) _____
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
7. Since the women did not participate in the army, why were they raised to be strong and
tough? _______________________________________________________________
8. Spartan women had __________ rights than those of the ones that lived in Athens. They
were allowed to own _____________ and take part in _________________.
The Persians Invade
9. The founder of the Persian Empire was ______________________.
10. The Persian invade Greece just north of ___________, where they sat and waited to attack.
a. Although the Persians had a lot more people, the _____________ surprisingly
attacked them and caught them off guard, enabling them to______________ the
Persians at that Battle at _____________.
11. The city-_____________ united together (instead of ______________ with one another)
to fight against Persia because Persia was a common ____________.
a. As a result of their joint efforts, the Greeks were able to _______________ Persia.
12. What advantages would the Persians have gained from winning control over Greece (use the
map to help you out!) ____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Conflict and the Athenian Empire
13. After defeating the Persians, the Athenians spread their culture and government across
___________________.
a. As the spread their influence to neighboring __________-states, they treated their
supposed allies ________________.
14. Athens faced conflicts with other city-states over its use of ________________ money and
with Sparta in the _________________ war, which lasted _____ years.
15. During the Peloponnesian War Athens was struck by a _____________, killing about _____
of their population.
a. Athens never recovered from the plague and the Spartans took advantage of their
weaknesses and staged a _____________ in order to isolate them and cut off their
________________ eventually forcing them to __________________.
16. Predict how the history of Athens might have been different if it had not been struck by a
plague. ____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Lesson 6.5
The Spread of Greek Culture
p. 196-200
1. Macedonia is to the
___________ of Greece.
(circle Macedonia on the Map!)
2. The people of Athens and Sparta
did not view the Macedonians as ____________, instead they thought they were
______________.
Alexander’s Empire
3. King __________ united Macedonia and built an army that was stronger that __________
so was able to go on an conquer numerous Greek _________________.
4. After experiencing great success s[reading his empire, King Phillip was going to attack
______________ but was assassinated before he could do so.
a. After his assassination _______________________ came to power for the next
_________ years.
5. One of the first things Alexander the Great did when he came to power was to carry our King
Phillip’s plan of invading ____________ and ended up being __________________ in his
wars and conquered areas in Persia, ____________, and beyond. (Use the map on page 198 of
your text to label Egypt and Persia on the map above).
6. As Alexander conquered lands he set up _____________ , many of which were named after
himself.
7. Alexander would die only ____ years after coming to the throne, but left a lasting legacy of
spreading Greek _____________ to great distances.
The Hellenistic Age
8. The Hellenistic Age began with the death of __________________ which began the
______________ of his empire.
a. The empire would fall apart and break into _____ main kingdoms that were ruled by
_________ of Alexander’s commanders (all within _______ years of Alexander’s
death).
9. Although Alexander’s empire broke apart, ___________ ______________ survived.
a. The term _______________ describes Greek culture and history after the death of
Alexander the ____________.
10. As Alexander conquered areas he hoped that the culture of the ____________ would mix
with the existing cultures of the conquered people.
11. The greatest Hellenistic city was _________________, Egypt because it had the largest
________________ in the world and Ws Also the _______________ capital of the Greek
world.
12. The Hellenistic Age lasted _______ years. (hint: look at the time line).
13. The mathematician _____________ helped extend the study of ______________.
14. Greek scientists made advancements in the study of _____________________.
Chapter 6 Study Guide
Ancient Greece
1. Identify the three types of columns:
________________
_____________________
______________________
2. How are the modern day Olympics different from the ancient Olympics? How are they the same? (Name 2 for
each) Short answer question on test!!!!
3. What is Mount Olympus?
4. Of the 12 great gods in Ancient Greece, who is the head god?
5. How did the geography of Greece effect the Greek communities development?
6. Some scholars believe that in ancient Athens, one third of all people were _______________.
7. During the Hellenistic period, there were important achievements in what areas?
8. The collapse of the Greek civilization during the Dark Ages increased __________________.
9. What was the Agora?
10. What happened to the Greek empire under Alexander the Great?
11. Who told the story of the Trojan War? With what pieces of writing did he tell it?
12. Who could gain citizenship in Athens?
13. Which philosopher challenge people by asking questions that challenged their beliefs and was later brought to trial and
accused of dishonoring the gods?
14. What was the Parthenon?
15. Who was Socrates?
16. Who was Plato?
17. What is an amphitheatre?
18. During which time period in Greece’s history mathematics and science flourished and geometry was developed.
19. Who controlled the Athenian government?
20. When did the Hellenistic Age begin?
21. Familiarize yourself with the geography of Greece.