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Acids -bases-Organic Ms.Wicks-Dharmay Name________________ May 27, 2011 1. Base your answer on the accompanying equation, which represents an organic compound reacting with bromine. 2. Base your answer on the accompanying equation, which represents an organic compound reacting with bromine. What is the IUPAC name for the organic compound that reacts with Br2? [1] What type of organic reaction is represented by this equation? [1] 3. Base your answer on the accompanying equation, which represents an organic compound reacting with bromine. 4. Base your answer on the information below. What is the gram-formula mass of the product in this reaction? [1] Many esters have distinctive odors, which lead to their widespread use as artificial flavorings and fragrances. For example, methyl butanoate has an odor like pineapple and ethyl methanoate has an odor like raspberry. In the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper, draw a structural formula for the ester that has an odor like pineapple. [1] 5. Base your answer on the information below. 6. Base your answer on the information below. Many esters have distinctive odors, which lead to their widespread use as artificial flavorings and fragrances. For example, methyl butanoate has an odor like pineapple and ethyl methanoate has an odor like raspberry. The incomplete equation shown represents an esterification reaction. The alcohol reactant is represented by X. On the structural formula on the answer sheet, or, if taken online, on a separate piece of paper, circle the acid functional group, only. [1] What is a chemical name for the alcohol that reacts with methanoic acid to produce the ester that has an odor like raspberry? [1] 7. Base your answer on the information below. 8. Base your answer on the information below. The incomplete equation shown represents an esterification reaction. The alcohol reactant is represented by X. The incomplete equation shown represents an esterification reaction. The alcohol reactant is represented by X. Write an IUPAC name for the reactant represented by its structural formula in this equation. [1] In the space on the answer sheet, or, if taken online, on a separate piece of paper, draw the structural formula for the alcohol represented by X. [1] 9. Base your answer on the information below. The equation shown (see image) represents the reaction between butanoic acid and an unidentified reactant, X. 10. Base your answer on the information below. The equation shown (see image) represents the reaction between butanoic acid and an unidentified reactant, X. Identify the type of organic reaction represented by the equation. [1] In the space on the answer sheet or on a separate piece of paper, draw a structural formula for the unidentified reactant, X, in the equation. [1] 11. Base your answer on the information below. 12. Base your answer on the information below. Gasoline is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as isooctane, which is also known as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Gasoline is a mixture composed primarily of hydrocarbons such as isooctane, which is also known as 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. Gasoline is assigned a number called an octane rating. Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 performs the same as a mixture that consists of 87% isooctane and 13% heptane. Gasoline is assigned a number called an octane rating. Gasoline with an octane rating of 87 performs the same as a mixture that consists of 87% isooctane and 13% heptane. An alternative fuel, E-85, can be used in some automobiles. This fuel is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. An alternative fuel, E-85, can be used in some automobiles. This fuel is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline. In the space provided or on a separate piece of paper, draw a structural formula for a molecule of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane. [1] Identify the functional group in a molecule of ethanol in the alternative fuel E-85. [1] 13. What color is bromcresol green after it is added to a sample of NaOH(aq)? [1] 14. Base your answer on the information below. In a laboratory activity, 0.500 mole of NaOH(s) is completely dissolved in distilled water to form 400. milliliters of NaOH(aq). This solution is then used to titrate a solution of HNO3(aq). Identify the negative ion produced when the NaOH(s) is dissolved in distilled water. [1] 15. Base your answer on the information below. 16. Base your answer on the information below. In a laboratory activity, 0.500 mole of NaOH(s) is completely dissolved in distilled water to form 400. milliliters of NaOH(aq). This solution is then used to titrate a solution of HNO3(aq). In a laboratory activity, 0.500 mole of NaOH(s) is completely dissolved in distilled water to form 400. milliliters of NaOH(aq). This solution is then used to titrate a solution of HNO3(aq). In the space on the answer sheet, or, if taken online, on a separate piece of paper, calculate the molarity of the NaOH(aq). Your response must include both a correct numerical setup and the calculated result. [2] In the space on the answer sheet, or, if taken online, on a separate piece of paper, complete the equation representing this titration reaction by writing the formulas of the products. [1] 17. Base your answer on the information below. 18. Base your answer on the information below. When a person perspires (sweats), the body loses many sodium ions and potassium ions. The evaporation of sweat cools the skin. After a strenuous workout, people often quench their thirst with sports drinks that contain NaCl and KCl. A single 250.-gram serving of one sports drink contains 0.055 gram of sodium ions. A student used blue litmus paper and phenolphthalein paper as indicators to test the pH of distilled water and five aqueous household solutions. Then the student used a pH meter to measure the pH of the distilled water and each solution. The results of the student's work are recorded in the accompanying table. State why the salts in sports drinks are classified as electrolytes. [1] Identify the liquid tested that has the lowest hydronium ion concentration. [1] 19. Base your answer on the information below. 20. Base your answer on the information below. A student used blue litmus paper and phenolphthalein paper as indicators to test the pH of distilled water and five aqueous household solutions. Then the student used a pH meter to measure the pH of the distilled water and each solution. The results of the student's work are recorded in the accompanying table. A student used blue litmus paper and phenolphthalein paper as indicators to test the pH of distilled water and five aqueous household solutions. Then the student used a pH meter to measure the pH of the distilled water and each solution. The results of the student's work are recorded in the accompanying table. Explain, in terms of the pH range for color change on Reference Table M, why litmus is not appropriate to differentiate the acidity levels of tomato juice and vinegar. [1] Based on the measured pH values, identify the liquid tested that is 10 times more acidic than vinegar. [1] 21. Base your answer on the information below. 22. Base your answer on the information below. In one trial of an investigation, 50.0 milliliters of HCl(aq) of an unknown concentration is titrated with 0.10 M NaOH(aq). During the titration, the total volume of NaOH(aq) added and the corresponding pH value of the reaction mixture are measured and recorded in the accompanying table. In one trial of an investigation, 50.0 milliliters of HCl(aq) of an unknown concentration is titrated with 0.10 M NaOH(aq). During the titration, the total volume of NaOH(aq) added and the corresponding pH value of the reaction mixture are measured and recorded in the accompanying table. Write a balanced equation that represents this neutralization reaction. [1] In another trial, 40.0 milliliters of HCl(aq) is completely neutralized by 20.0 milliliters of this 0.10 M NaOH(aq). Calculate the molarity of the titrated acid in this trial. Your response must include both a numerical setup and the calculated result. [2] 23. Which notation of a radioisotope is correctly paired with the notation of its emission particle? 24. Atoms of one element are converted to atoms of another element through 1. fermentation 3. polymerization 2. oxidation 25. Which notation of a radioisotope is correctly paired with the notation of its emission particle? 26. Atoms of one element are converted to atoms of another element through 1. fermentation 3. polymerization 2. oxidation 27. A molecule of butane and a molecule of 2-butene both have the same total number of 1. carbon atoms 3. single bonds 2. hydrogen atoms 4. double bonds 29. Which two compounds are isomers of each other? 1. CH3CH2COOH and CH3COOCH2CH3 3. CH3CHBrCH3 and CH2BrCHBrCH3 2. CH3CH2CHO and CH3COCH3 4. CH3CHOHCH3 and CH3CHOHCH2OH 4. transmutation 4. transmutation 28. Which general formula represents the homologous series of hydrocarbons that includes the compound l-heptyne? 1. Cn H2n–6 3. Cn H2n 2. Cn H2n -2 4. Cn H2n+2 30. Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 31. Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain 1. carbon, only 3. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, only 2. carbon and hydrogen, only 4. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, only 32. The reaction that joins thousands of small, identical molecules to form one very long molecule is called 33. What is the IUPAC name of the organic compound that has the formula shown below? 34. Which compound is a member of the same homologous series as C3H8? 1. esterification 2. fermentation 1. CH4 2. C4H8 1. 1,1-dimethylbutane 3. hexane 2. 2-methylpentane 4. 4-methylpentane 35. A straight-chain hydrocarbon that has only one double bond in each molecule has the general formula 1. CnH2n-6 3. CnH2n 2. CnH2n-2 3. polymerization 4. substitution 3. C5H8 4. C5H10 36. Which reaction results in the production of soap? 1. esterification 2. fermentation 3. polymerization 4. saponification 4. CnH2n+2 37. Ethanol and dimethyl ether have different chemical and physical properties because they have different 1. functional groups 3. numbers of covalent bonds 2. molecular masses 4. percent compositions by mass 38. Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 39. Which element is present in all organic compounds? 1. carbon 3. nitrogen 2. hydrogen 4. oxygen 41. The reaction between an organic acid and an alcohol produces 1. an aldehyde 2. a ketone 3. an ether 4. an ester 43. Molecules of 2-methyl butane and 2,2-dimethyl propane have different 1. structural formulas 3. numbers of carbon atoms 2. molecular formulas 40. Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon? 1. C5H12 3. C7H16 2. C6H14 4. C8H14 42. Which formula represents a molecule of a saturated hydrocarbon? 1. C2H2 2. C4H10 3. C5H8 4. C6H6 44. The molecule shown belongs to which class of compounds? 4. numbers of covalent bonds 1. alcohol 2. ester 45. Given the incomplete reaction: . . . (see image) Which compound is represented by x? 3. aldehyde 4. amino acid 46. Which substance is an Arrhenius acid? 1. NH3 3. HC2H3O2 2. KOH 4. CH3OH 47. Which of the following pH values indicates the highest concentration of hydronium ions in a solution? 1. pH = 1 3. pH = 3 2. pH = 2 4. pH = 4 49. What is the molarity of an HCl solution if 20. milliliters of this acid is needed to neutralize 10. milliliters of a 0.50 M NaOH solution? 1. 1.0 M 3. 0.50 M 2. 0.75 M 4. pH = 4 53. What is the molarity of an HCl solution if 20. milliliters of this acid is needed to neutralize 10. milliliters of a 0.50 M NaOH solution? 1. 1.0 M 2. 0.75 M 3. 0.50 M 4. 0.25 M 55. A hydrogen ion, H+, in aqueous solution may also be written as 1. H2O 2. H2O2 2. C2H4(OH)2 4. CH3Cl 50. Which substance is an Arrhenius acid? 1. NH3 2. KOH 3. HC2H3O2 4. CH3OH 4. 0.25 M 51. Which of the following pH values indicates the highest concentration of hydronium ions in a solution? 1. pH = 1 3. pH = 3 2. pH = 2 48. Which substance yields hydroxide ion as the only negative ion in aqueous solution? 1. Mg(OH)2 3. MgCl2 3. H3O+ 4. OH- 52. Which substance yields hydroxide ion as the only negative ion in aqueous solution? 1. Mg(OH)2 3. MgCl2 2. C2H4(OH)2 4. CH3Cl 54. Which aqueous solution is the best conductor of an electrical current? 1. 0.01 M CH3OH 3. 0.1 M CH3OH 2. 0.01 M KOH 4. 0.1 M KOH 56. One acid-base theory states that an acid is 1. an electron donor 2. a neutron donor 3. an H+ donor 4. an OH- donor 57. Note: This question may require the use of the Reference Tables for Physical Setting/Chemistry. How are HNO3(aq) and CH3COOH(aq) similar? 1. They are Arrhenius acids 3. They are Arrhenius bases and they turn blue litmus red. and they turn blue litmus red. 2. They are Arrhenius acids 4. They are Arrhenius bases and they turn red litmus blue. and they turn red litmus blue. 58. A substance is classified as an electrolyte because 1. it has a high melting point 3. its aqueous solution conducts an electric current 2. it contains covalent bonds 4. its aqueous solution has a pH value of 7 59. The compound NaOH(s) dissolves in water to yield 1. hydroxide ions as the only 3. hydronium ions as the only negative ions negative ions 2. hydroxide ions as the only 4. hydronium ions as the only positive ions positive ions 60. Which equation represents a neutralization reaction? 1. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) --> 3. HNO3(aq) + KOH(aq) --> 2Fe2O3(s) KNO3(aq) + H2O(l ) 2. 2H2(g) + O2(g) --> 2H2O(l ) 4. AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) --> KNO3(aq) + AgCl(s) 61. Solution A has a pH of 3 and solution Z has a pH of 6. How many times greater is the hydronium ion concentration in solution A than the hydronium ion concentration in solution Z? 62. Which indicator is blue in a solution that has a pH of 5.6? 1. 100 2. 2 3. 3 4. 1000 1. bromcresol green 2. bromthymol blue 3. methyl orange 4. thymol blue 63. The Arrhenius theory explains the behavior of 1. acids and bases 3. isomers and isotopes 2. alcohols and amines 4. metals and nonmetals 64. In which laboratory process could a student use 0.10 M NaOH(aq) to determine the concentration of an aqueous solution of HBr? 65. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction: 66. What volume of 0.120 M HNO3(aq) is needed to completely neutralize 150.0 milliliters of 0.100 M NaOH(aq)? NH3(g) + H2O(l ) → NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) 1. chromatography 3. evaporation of the solvent 2. decomposition of the solute 4. titration 1. 62.5 mL 2. 125 mL 3. 180. mL 4. 360. mL According to one acid-base theory, the NH3(g) molecules act as 1. an acid because they accept 3. a base because they accept H+ ions H+ ions 2. an acid because they donate 4. a base because they donate H+ ions H+ ions 67. Which substance is always a product when an Arrhenius acid in an aqueous solution reacts with an Arrhenius base in an aqueous solution? 1. HBr 3. KBr 2. H2O 1. H donor 2. H+ acceptor 2. C2H6 4. H2O 4. KOH 69. One acid-base theory defines a base as an + 68. Which substance is an electrolyte? 1. CCl4 3. HCl 3. H donor 4. H acceptor 70. A student completes a titration by adding 12.0 milliliters of NaOH(aq) of unknown concentration to 16.0 milliliters of 0.15 M HCl(aq). What is the molar concentration of the NaOH(aq)? 1. 0.11 M 3. 1.1 M 2. 0.20 M 4. 5.0 M 71. Based on the results of testing colorless solutions with indicators, which solution is most acidic? 1. a solution in which 3. a solution in which bromthymol blue is blue phenolphthalein is pink 2. a solution in which 4. a solution in which methyl bromcresol green is blue orange is red 72. Which compound is an Arrhenius acid? 73. According to one acid-base theory, water acts as an acid when an H2O molecule 74. A solution with a pH of 2.0 has a hydronium ion concentration ten times greater than a solution with a pH of 1. accepts an H+ 2. donates an H+ 3. accepts an H4. donates an H- 1. CaO 2. HCl 1. 1.0 2. 0.20 3. K2O 4. NH3 3. 3.0 4. 20.