Download interactions among organisms

SUBMITTED BY,
MARY JOEMA JOSE
OPTIONAL:
NATURAL SCIENCE
REG.NO :
13385007
INTRODUCTION
Ecology is the study of organisms and the living and non-living
parts of their environment.
There are many levels of organization in ecology. They are:
The Biosphere – All the area on the surface of earth and
in the atmosphere that supports life.
Ecosystem – A group of organisms living together and the
environment around them.
Community – All of the interacting populations in an area
Population – All of the organisms of the same species
living in an area
Organism – A single living thing
On the basis of the
benefits and harmful
effects of organisms ,
relations can be
categorized into :
POSITIVE
INTERACTION
NEGATIVE
INTERACTION
Interactions in which either
both the organisms or one
of the organism is
benefitted and the other is
not harmed.
Positive interactions are of
two types.
They are :
Mutualism
Commensalism

In mutualism, both
organisms benefit from one
another .For example a
heron feeds on the small
insects in the rhino’s body ,
so that the rhino will get
clean and the heron get its
food.

In commensalism, one
organism benefits
from the other. The
other organism is not
benefitted or harmed.
For example vanda
grows with the
support of the mango
tree but prepares its
own food.
Interactions in which
one of the organism is
harmed and the other
being won or benefitted.
Negative interaction is of
three types .They are:
PREDATION .
PARASITISM.
COMPETITION

In this type of
relationship
,one is
benefitted and
the other is
harmed.
For example a
tiger feeds on
a zebra for its
food by
chasing it .

In this type of
interaction, one is
benefitted by taking
the nutrients or
made up food from
the host
 The organism that benefits
is called the parasite
 The organism that is
harmed is called the host.
Competition is a
negative interaction
that occurs among
organisms whenever
two or more
organisms require
the same limited
resource.