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Name ___________________________ Test Date ________ Parent Signature_______________________ Study Guide Review 1 Solar System and Inside the Earth Our Solar System 1. ___________________ was the first scientist to successfully use a telescope to observe the night sky. 2. ___________________explained why the moon orbits Earth. 3. The Geocentric Theory stated that ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 4. ___________________was the scientist that came up with the Geocentric Theory. 5. The Heliocentric Theory stated that ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 6. ___________________ was the scientist that came up with the Heliocentric Theory. 7. Geocentric and Heliocentric Theories were both proved to be false. What is one reason why? _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 8. If you were to watch the stars all night, they would seem to move across the sky at night, in the ___________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 9. During winter months observed from Northern latitudes, the constellation Orion will rise in the East, travel across the night sky, and set in the West. Which BEST explains this observation? _______________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 10. If we recorded the Sun's location in the sky every day at noon from September through February, the ___________________ of the Sun in the sky will change. 11. Put the planets in order from smallest to largest. ________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 12. Put the planets in order from the sun________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ What are the main features of each planet in our Solar System? 13. Mercury ______________________________________________________________ 14. Venus ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 15. Earth ______________________________________________________________ 16. Mars ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 17. Jupiter ______________________________________________________________ 18. Saturn ______________________________________________________________ 19. Uranus ______________________________________________________________ 20. Neptune ______________________________________________________________ 21. Most asteroids can be found in three locations in our solar system. _________________ _________________________________________________________________________ 22. What items in the solar system orbit the Sun? ______________________, ___________________, & _______________________ 23. Venus is visible to the naked eye from Earth. Why will we be able to see Venus BETTER at position Q in this picture? _________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 24. The farther away a planet is to the sun, _________________________________ will be on that planet and the _______________________________ will be on that planet. 25. The dark, lava-covered lowlands of the Moon are called the __________________. 26. Draw a picture of the Sun, Earth, and Moon that shows the revolution pattern of the Earth and the Moon. 27. Why does the amount of daylight change during the course of a year?______________ _________________________________________________________________________ 28. When will the amount of sunlight and the amount of darkness in during one day be exactly the same? ___________________________ and ___________________________ 29. Draw what each phase of the moon looks like in the sky AND the position of the Moon in relation to the Earth and the Sun. New Moon Waxing Crescent -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------First Quarter Waxing Gibbous ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Full Moon Waning Gibbous Third Quarter Waning Crescent -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------30. A Lunar Eclipse is when the ____________________________________________ _________________________________Lunar Eclipse can only happen at ____________. 31. Draw a Lunar Eclipse 32. A Solar Eclipse is when the ____________________________________________ _______________________________. Solar Eclipse can only happen during the ______. 33. Draw a Solar Eclipse 34. Solar eclipses rarely occur because ________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 35. The Earth rotates on its axis at a tilt of 23.5°. This causes our seasons. What would happen to the summer in the Northern Hemisphere if the axis tilt was changed to 30 degrees? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 36. What would happen to the summer in the Northern Hemisphere if the axis tilt was changed to 15 degrees? ___________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 37. What would happen if the Earth rotated faster (in fewer days) around the sun? ____________________________________________________________________. 38. What would happen if the Earth too longer to rotate around the sun? ______________ _________________________________________________________________________. 39. What would happen if the spin of the Earth’s on its axis was faster? ______________ _________________________________________________________________________. 40. What would happen if it took the Earth longer to spin on axis? ______________ _________________________________________________________________________. 41. Which event in the life cycle of a star causes it to begin to glow? ______________ _________________________________________________________________________. 42. The main component of most stars is _______________________. 43. What is a pulsar? _______________________________________________________. Inside The Earth 44. A Convergent Boundary is a boundary is where two_____________ plates ________________________, or _____________.This can form _____________, and __________________________. 45. A Divergent Boundary is where two tectonic plates ______________________ or _____________. This can create __________________________and cause _____________ to rise to surface. 46. A Transform Boundary is where two tectonic places _____________each other. This type of boundaries are where __________________________occur. 47. Why would a large, nonvolcanic mountain on a flat plain be very unusual on the Earth’s surface? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. 48. List the six layers of the Earth. ____________________, ____________________, _______________, __________________, __________________ and ________________. 49. A deep well or mine shaft goes through which layer or layers of Earth? _____________ 50. When magma reaches Earth's surface it becomes ____________________. 51. Earth’s crust Section V is _______________________________ Section IV is _______________________________ Section III and II are ____________________________ Section I is _______________________________ 52. Compared to rocks in Earth's crust, rocks in the mantle are more ___________. 53. Areas on Earth's surface that lie above the places where tectonic plates meet are characterized by _______________________________ activity. 54. Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in areas of the Pacific Ocean called “_________ ________________” The main reason is that _______________________________ boundaries are found in that area. 55. A ________________is a common secondary effect of a large earthquake off the coast. 56. Uniformitarianism states that in an _______________________________ of rock, _______________ rocks lie at the bottom and _____________________rocks lie at the top. 57. Since there are no rock layers that have fossils of both dinosaur and horse remains scientists know that _______________________________________________________. 58. What is the MAIN reason that the continents look very different than they did 100 million years ago? ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 59. Fossils of a particular animal species have been found in both southern Africa and South America but nowhere else. The MOST LIKELY reason? In the past, Africa and South America were ______________________________________________________ 60. A fossil of an ___________________________was found in a rock outcrop on a mountain. This probably means that the mountain _____________________________ after the fish died.