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How do biotic and abiotic factors interact to help keep terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems balanced and healthy? limiting factors place upper limits on the size of a population can be biotic or abiotic o abiotic factors determine where a species can live and biotic factors determine how successful it will be o biotic factors involve interaction among individuals and different species groups Abiotic Factors o every species is able to survive within a range of abiotic factors o population will be high within the optimum range o population will be low outside of the optimum range but within the tolerance range o the species will not exist outside of the tolerance range Ex. Precipitation and Population o species with broader tolerance ranges are able to adapt to a larger variety of conditions and are better suited to acting as an invasive species terrestrial abiotic factors include temperature, precipitation, nutrient availability and light aquatic abiotic factors include salinity, temperature, acidity, light penetration and availability of oxygen and nutrients Biotic Factors Relationship Competition Definition two species vie for the same resource Example foxes and coyotes both eat field mice Predation one species eats another lynx eat snowshoe hares Mutualism both species benefit nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the roots of plants provide nitrogen and take sugar tapeworms in the intestines of cats and dogs barnacles on a whale Parasitism one species lives in or on a host organism (causing harm) Commensalism one species lives in or on a host species (doesn’t cause harm) Carrying Capactiy o as a population’s size increases so does their demand for available resources o limits to growth result in the population reaching a stable upper limit that the ecosystem can support this is the carrying capacity o can be altered by humans or other species Ex.