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SNC 1D Ms. Girvan Date: ______________ Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Ecosystems Instructions: Read page 52-55 and fill in the handout. Both __________________ and _________________ factors determine where a species can live. A limiting factor _______________________________ _________________________________________________________________. Limiting factors may be biotic (ex. ________________________________) or abiotic (ex. ___________________________________________). Human influence can often act as a limiting factor. Influence of Abiotic Factors Tolerance range is defined as the _______________________________ _________________________________________________________________. Near the upper and lower limits of tolerance range, individuals ______________ ______________________. This reduces their health and their rate of ________ _______________________________. Within a species’ tolerance range is an ______________________________, within which the species is well adapted. The optimal range will allow for the largest and healthiest populations. Each species has _______________________________________________________. The following abiotic factors limit the distribution of most terrestrial plants: __________________________________________________________. Most aquatic ecosystems are affected by _______________________ and _________________________________________________________________. Influence of Biotic Factors Biotic factors often determine _______________________________. Many key biotic factors involve the interactions between individuals. Table #1 - The Main Types of Species Interactions Relationships Definition Examples Competition Predation Mutualism Parasitism Commensalism Carrying Capacity - _______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________. When the availability of resources in an ecosystem changes, the carrying capacity can be altered. For example, the removal of wolves by human hunters will increase the carrying capacity of the ecosystem for moose.