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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Section 3-2 (C):Traits and Inheritance _____ 1. What ratio did Mendel find for dominant to recessive traits? a. 1 to 1 b. 2 to 1 c. 3 to 1 d. 4 to 1 A GREAT IDEA _____ 2. What are the instructions for an inherited trait? a. alleles b. phenotype c. albinism d. genes _____ 3. Two forms of a gene, one from each parent, are called a. alleles. b. phenotypes. c. albinism. d. genes. _____ 4. When gene pairs are written, the dominant allele has a(n) a. D in front of it. b. capital letter. c. bold letter. d. underlined letter. _____ 5. The genotype Pp can also be written a. pP b. pp c. PP d. Ppp _____ 6. When purple is dominant, the white offspring of purple and white parents will be a. pP b. pp c. PP d. Ppp Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 4 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading A continued Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 7. used to organize possible offspring combinations a. phenotype b. heterozygous _____ 8. an organism’s appearance _____ 9. a plant with one dominant and one recessive gene _____ 10. condition that causes colorless hair, skin, and eyes _____ 11. a plant with either two dominant or two recessive genes c. genotype d. homozygous e. genes f. albinism g. Punnett square _____ 12. genetic makeup formed from both inherited alleles together _____ 13. instructions for traits passed to offspring from parents 14. Look at the Punnett square on the left. What genotype do all of the offspring have? _______________________________________________________________ 16. Look at the Punnett square on the right. Which two genotypes contain a dominant allele? _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 5 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Directed Reading A continued WHAT ARE THE CHANCES? _____ 18. The mathematical chance that something can happen is called a. genotype. b. albinism. c. probability. d. trait. 20. Why are the traits that Mendel studied in pea plants easy to predict? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ MORE ABOUT TRAITS 21. When each allele has its own degree of influence, it is known as______________________. 22. How is a snapdragon an example of incomplete dominance? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 23. Sometimes one gene can influence more than one ______________________. 24. Besides genes, what else can have an influence on traits? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 6 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Section 3-2 (C) Reinforcement Dimples and DNA Complete this worksheet after you finish reading the section “Traits and Inheritance.” In humans, dimpled cheeks are a dominant trait, with a genotype of DD or Dd. Nondimpled cheeks are a recessive trait, with a genotype of dd. 1. Imagine that Parent A, with the genotype DD, has dimpled cheeks. Parent B has the genotype dd and does not have dimpled cheeks. The Punnett square below diagrams the cross between Parent A and Parent B. Complete the Punnett square. The first square has been done for you. 2. A Punnett square shows what genotypes are possible for the offspring of a certain cross. What genotypes are possible for the offspring of Parent A and Parent B? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Each of the four squares of a Punnett square represents a 25 percent probability that the offspring will have that particular genotype. What is the probability that the offspring of Parent A and Parent B will have dimpled cheeks? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 7 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Reinforcement continued 4. Parent X, with the genotype Dd, has dimpled cheeks. Parent Y also has the genotype Dd and has dimpled cheeks as well. To find out what their offspring might look like, complete the Punnett square below. 5. What is the probability that the offspring of Parent X and Parent Y will have each of the following genotypes? DD: ___________________________________________________________ Dd: ____________________________________________________________ dd: ____________________________________________________________ 6. What is the probability that the offspring of Parent X and Parent Y will have nondimpled cheeks? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 7. What is the probability that the offspring of Parent X and Parent Y will have dimpled cheeks? (Remember that there are two genotypes that can produce dimpled cheeks.) _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 8 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Skills Worksheet Section 3-2 (C) Review UNDERSTANDING KEY IDEAS 3.Use a Punnett square to determine the possible genotypes of the offspring of a BB x Bb cross. a. all BB c. BB, Bb, bb b. BB, Bb d. all bb 4. How are genes and alleles related to genotype and phenotype? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. Describe three exceptions to Mendel’s observations. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ MATH SKILLS 6. What is the probability of rolling a five on one die three times in a row? Show your work below. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 9 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Section Review continued CRITICAL THINKING 7. .Applying Concepts The allele for a cleft chin, C, is dominant among humans. What are the results of a cross between parents with genotypes Cc and cc? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ INTERPRETING GRAPHICS The Punnett Square below shows the alleles for full color in rabbits. Black fur, B, is dominant over white fur, b. 8. Given the combinations shown, what are the genotypes of the parents? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 9. If black fur had incomplete dominance over white fur, what color would the offspring be? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 10 Heredity Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ Assessment Section 3-2 (C) Quiz Section: Traits and Inheritance Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space provided. _____ 1. when one trait is not completely dominant over another a. phenotype b. genotype _____ 2. a way to organize possible offspring combinations c. incomplete dominance _____ 3. an organism’s appearance d. Punnett square _____ 4. the entire genetic makeup of an organism e. probability _____ 5. the mathematical chance that something will happen Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. _____ 6. Each parent gives one set of these to the offspring. a. genes b. alleles c. phenotypes d. meiosis _____ 7. A plant with two dominant OR two recessive alleles is said to be a. heterozygous. b. cross-pollinating. c. homozygous. d. true breeding. _____ 8. Which one of the following statements is NOT true? a. One gene can influence many traits. b. Several genes can influence a single trait. c. The environment can have an influence on traits. d. Genes are the only influence on traits. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Science and Technology 11 Heredity