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Name: ______ANSWERS__________________________
YEAR 9 SCIENCE TEST
DYNAMIC EARTH
SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE (circle answer)
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[12]
1. The inside of the Earth consists of four major layers. Which is the hottest layer?
a) Mantle
b) Inner Core
c) Outer Core
d) Crust
[1]
2. The order of the layers from the inside of the Earth outwards is:
a) inner core, outer core, mantle, crust.
b) outer core, inner core, mantle, crust.
c) inner core, outer core, crust, mantle.
d) mantle, inner core, outer core, crust.
[1]
3. The thinnest layer of the Earth is the:
a) Mantle
b) Inner core
c) Outer Core
d) Crust
[1]
4. The inside of the Earth consists of four major layers. Movement in which layer causes the
movement of the continents?
[1]
a) Mantle
b) Inner core
c) Outer core
d) Crust
5. When an earthquake occurs the shock waves go out in
all directions. These can be detected by seismic
stations. On this map the seismic stations are located at
points A, B and C near a large lake. The waves were
detected at A after 12 minutes, B after 8 minutes and C
after 6 minutes. Where is the epicentre of the
earthquake likely to be?
[1]
a) Location 1
b) Location 2
c) Location 3
d) Location 4
6. What is Harry Hess most famous for discovering?
a) Continental drift
b) Sea floor spreading
c) Convection
d) The super continent Pangaea
[1]
7. At a divergent plate boundary
a) Two plates move closer together
b) Two plates move apart from each other
c) The plates are transformed into another organism millions of years later
d) The plates suddenly transform into hard rock
[1]
8. At a transform fault plate boundary, the plates:
a) Move past each other in the same direction at different speeds.
b) Move past each other in opposite directions at the same speed
c) Push together
d) Spread apart
[1]
9. Which sphere of the Earth is mostly composed of nitrogen?
a) Hydrosphere
b) Lithosphere
c) Atmosphere
d) Biosphere
[1]
10. The theory of sea-floor spreading supports ideas that
a) the earth is expanding
b) the earth is contracting
c) new crust is being made along oceanic trenches
d) new crust is being made along mid-ocean ridges
[1]
11. Which of these is NOT a greenhouse gas?
a) carbon dioxide
b) nitrous oxide
c) methane
d) oxygen
[1]
12. Which international agreement increases the amount of ozone in the stratosphere?
a) Sydney Protocol
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Montreal Protocol
d) London Protocol
[1]
SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
[33]
1. The hypothesis suggesting that continents were once joined together and have drifted apart
was first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915 and this is now widely accepted as part of the
modern “Plate Tectonic Theory”. Provide two pieces of evidence which support Wegener’s
original hypothesis.
[4]
_eg. The jigsaw fit of continents, for example the western coast of Africa fits with the
eastern coast of south America.
The same fossils and rock types ae found along matching coastlines, such as those
mentioned above.
2. Which processes do the numbers 1—8 correspond to? 3 are completed for you.
[5]
1.__________combustion______________________________________________________
2.__________transpiration/photosynthesis________________________________________
3.___________photosynthesis__(accept precipitation)
4.___________Photosynthesis and diffusion_______________________________________
5.___________consumption (accept respiration)
6.___________decomposition__________________________________________________
7.___________Fossilization_____________________________________________________
8.____________Mining________________________________________________________
3. Why are volcanoes and earthquakes usually found along or near the plate boundaries?
[2]
This is where the greatest tectonic activity takes place, with volcanoes occurring at
convergent and divergent boundaries while earthquakes occur at all boundaries
4. What is the difference between lava and magma?
[2]
Magma = molten minerals below ground
Lava = molten minerals above ground
5. Define “biodiversity”.
[2]
The variety of living things on Earth.
6. Identify TWO human activities that decrease biodiversity.
[2]
Land clearing (deforestation), burning fossil fuels
7. Match up the following words with their definitions using lines.
Focus
The break between different areas of rock in
which movement has occurred.
Tsunamis
The point on the Earth’s surface directly above the
point underground where the Earthquake
originated from.
Fault
Large, often fast moving waves which are
triggered by earthquakes under the ocean or by
underwater landslides.
Epicentre
The point underground where the Earthquake
originated from.
[4]
8. The diagram below displays the locations of the major earthquakes / volcanoes throughout
the world. Use the theory of plate tectonics to explain why;
(a) Earthquakes and volcanoes occur in the middle of oceans
[2]
There is a divergent zone running through the middle of the oceans, causing magma to rise up and
form volcanoes while the associated faulting causes earthquakes.
(b) Earthquakes and volcanoes occur on the west side of South America.
[2]
A convergent boundary runs down this coast. One plate is being subducted, causing volcanoes and
earthquakes.
(c ) Northern India and Pakistan experience earthquakes regularly
[2]
They are near a plate boundary where continental crust rubs together. Frequent faulting and hence
earthquakes occur.
9. An earthquake occurs and the time of arrival of S and P waves is detected by seismograph stations
in three Australian cities. Data was recorded in columns 2 and 3 of the table below
(h: hours, min: minutes, s: seconds):
[6]
1min42s ( = 1.7min)
3min48s (=3.8min)
4min48s (=4.8min)
1200km
2800km
3500km
Use this data and the graph below to calculate the distance of each city from the epicentre,
which you should enter in column 5 of the table above. You will need to work out the difference
in the time of arrival of the P and S waves, which you should enter in column 4 of the table
above.
Difference in
the times of
arrival of P
and S waves
(min)
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Distance from earthquake (km)
8000