Download AP Biology “Opportunity” #4 Study Guide

AP Biology “Opportunity” #4 Study Guide
1. What are 3 functions of cell division?
2. What is a genome?
3. Describe the parts of a chromosome… including chromatin, sister
chromatids, centromere, and kinetochore
4. What is the difference between a somatic cell and a gamete?
5. Describe all of the phases of the cell cycle.
6. What are the phases of mitosis? What happens in each phase?
7. Describe the location and function of: the mitotic spindle,
centrosome, centrioles, aster, kinetochore, metaphase plate
8. What happens during cytokinesis in animal cells? Plant cells?
9. Describe the process of binary fission.
10. How is the cell cycle regulated?
11. What is a checkpoint?
12. What do cells do during the G0 phase?
13. Describe how Cdks like MPF are used to regulate the cell cycle.
14. What types of inhibition are used by cells to control growth?
15. What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant
tumor?
16. Differentiate between asexual and sexual reproduction.
17. What is a karyotype? How would one be prepared?
18. What are homologous chromosomes?
19. How are haploid cells different from diploid cells?
20. How are life cycles different in plants and fungi than in animals?
21. Describe the difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte.
22. Describe all of the stages of meiosis I and meiosis II.
23. How are mitosis and meiosis similar? How are they different?
24. What happens during crossing over?
25. Describe how chromosomes segregate and independently assort from
one another.
26. Explain Mendel’s work with pea plants.
27. What is the difference between a true-breeding species and a hybrid?
28. Describe the difference between the p, F1, and F2 generations in
Mendel’s peas.
29. What is an allele?
30. Distinguish between homozygous and heterozygous.
31. How is the genotype of an organism different from its phenotype?
32. Describe what a punnett square is. What is the difference between a
monohybrid and a dihybrid cross?
33. Describe Mendel’s two major laws.
34. How would you solve a genetics problem with the laws of
probability instead of a punnett square?
35. Describe the difference between complete dominance, codominance,
and incomplete dominance.
36. Give an example of phenotypes determined by multiple alleles.
37. What is pleiotropy? How is it different from polygenic inheritance?
38. Describe how epistasis works.
39. What are quantitative characters?
40. Give an example of how environmental factors can influence
phenotype.
41. What is a pedigree? Be able to interpret one!
42. Describe 3 autosomal recessive genetic disorders.
43. Describe 3 autosomal dominant genetic disorders.
44. What is the difference between amniocentesis and chorionic villus
sampling?
45. What is the chromosome theory of inheritance?
46. Who is Thomas Hunt Morgan? Describe the organism he did his
research on and some of the traits he observed.
47. What is a linked gene?
48. What effect does crossing over have on gene linkage?
49. What is a genetic map?
50. Describe how a linkage map would be created.
51. Describe 3 ways of sex determination other than the human X-Y
system.
52. What is a sex-linked gene?
53. Describe 3 human disorders that are sex linked.
54. What is a barr body?
55. Describe the following chromosome mutations: nondisjunction,
deletion, duplication, inversion, and translocation.
56. Describe 3 disorders that are caused by aneuploidy.
57. What is genomic imprinting?
58. How are organelle genes inherited?