Download m1/98 summative mcq

END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION INTAKE M1/98
IMMUNO-MS-CNS COURSE
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Musculoskeletal
01.
Major risks for osteoporosis include
a.
Smoking
b.
Systemic steroid therapy
c.
Strenuous exercise
d.
Menopausal in females
e.
Vegetarian diet
T
T
T
T
F
02.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Osteoarthritis
Is caused by an inflammatory response
Pain is unrelieved by movement
Thinning articular cartilage
Restricted to larger joint
Can occur in young adults
F
T
T
F
T
03.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
At the ankle joint
Dorsiflexion is the position of greatest stability
Deltoid ligament is found on the lateral side
Upright position requires active plantar flexion
Peroneus longus muscle is found medially
Dislocations is usually due to fibula fracture
T
F
F
F
F
04.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Walking
There is lateral rotation of hip during the stance phase
Knee joint is extended throughout the stance phase
The quadriceps are important in both swing and stance phase
Tibialis anterior is active during heel strike
Extensor digitorum longus is responsible for toe-off
F
T
F
F
F
05.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Psoriasis
Mitotic rate of epidermis is increased
Lesions are on flexor surfaces
Characterized by pruritus (intense itching)
Nuclei are found in stratum corneum
Psychological stress maybe a causal factor
T
F
F
T
T
06.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Staphylcoccal infection of skin
Folliculitis
Candidiasis
Impetigo
Tinea corporis
Furunculosis (boil)
T
F
T
F
T
07.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sensation appreciation
Pressure is appreciated by Pacinian corpucles
Nerve endings around hair follicles rapidly adapting
Nociceptive impulse is transmitted by unmyelinated nerve fibres
Meissner’s corpucles for two point discrimination
Merkel’s cells are found in skin in most regions of the body
T
F
T
T
T
08.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Synovial joint
number of axes of rotation is determined by shape of articular surface
Decrease in proteoglycan leads to increase in viscosity of synovial fluid
Synovial membrane is rich with blood supply
Synovial fluid contains glucose
Joint receptors are found on the articular surfaces
F
T
T
T
F
09.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Complete radial nerve section in radial groove of humerus
Total lost of elbow joint extension
Loss of sensation in medial aspect of the hand
Wrist drop
Power grip impairment
Inability to extend interphaleangal joint of fingers
T
F
T
T
F
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Endochondral ossification
Osteoprogenitor cells are found on the epiphyseal plate
Calcification of cartilaginous matrix
Osteoclast remodelling early in development
Osteoid contain calcium salt
Secondary ossification centers is usually found at birth
T
T
T
F
F
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Proteoglycans contain
Glycoaminoglycans
Nucleic acid
Uronic acid
Protein
Lipid
T
F
T
T
F
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Metabolic reactions found in muscle
Gluconeogenesis
Lactate formation
-oxidation of lipid
Ketogenesis
Citric acid cycle
F
T
T
F
T
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Osteosarcoma
Common in the second decade of life
Radiologically appears as osteolytic lesions
Commonly situated in the knee
Arises in the epiphyses
Caused by mutation of p53 suppressor cells
T
T
T
F
T
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Tumor metastasis
Giant tumor cell tumors
Adenocarcinoma of lung
Breast carcinoma
Skin carcinoma
Prostate carcinoma
F
T
T
F
T
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Poliomyelitis
Affects adult
Affects lower motor neurons
Cause sensory paralysis
Generally asymptotic
Cause cloudy cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
F
F
F
T
F
16.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Chronic osteomyelitis complications
Endocarditis
Secondary amyloidosis
Squamous cell carcinoma
Pathological fractures
Sarcoma in infected bones
T
T
T
T
T
17.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Artefact dermatitis
Example of psychodermatitis
Patient can describe definite onset time
Associated with damage to deeper skin layer
Within reach of dominant hand
Treated by psoralen drugs and ultraviolet radiation (PUVA)
T
F
T
T
F
18.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Physical performance deficit disadvantages
Influence rehabilitation program outcome
Not linked to pre-morbid personality
Minimal effect on coping with reality
Result in “uncertain dependability”
Often reflected in type of words we use
T
F
F
T
F
19.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Low calcium plasma is found in
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Malabsorptive conditions
Old people
F
T
F
T
T
20.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Neuromuscular blockers
Binds to nicotinic receptors at neuromuscular junction
Cause calcium channel inhibition
Structurally similar to acetylcholine
Forms covalent bonds with binding sites
Form chelated complexes with acetylcholine
T
F
T
F
F
21.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Side effects of NSAIDs
Gastric irritation
Increase prostaglandin production
Inhibit granulocyte adherence
Cause platelet aggregation
Induce osteoporosis
T
F
T
F
F
Central Nervous System
22.
Neural crest derivatives
a.
Lower motor neurons
b.
Schwann cells
c.
Dorsal root ganglion
d.
Preganglionic sympathetic neurons
e.
Enteric ganglia neurons
F
T
T
F
T
23.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cerebral spinal fluid
Choroid plexus active secretion
Pressure is less than cranial venous sinuses
Glucose concentration is same as plasma
3 – 4 times daily turnover based on volume
10 – 20 white cells per cubic mm
T
F
F
F
F
24.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Blood brain barrier in central nervous system papillary bed
Fully functional in neonates
Allow free protein passage
Present throughout the CNS
Formed partly by capillary with no pores in endothelial cells
Highly energy dependent
T
F
F
T
T
25.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Pyramidal cells of cerebral cortex
Is formed by layers 1 – 4
Contain both apical and basal dendrites
Dendrites are studded with numerous spines
Project to other parts of the cerebral cortex
Project to subcortical sites
F
F
T
T
T
26.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Transmission and reception of nociceptive inputs is decreased by
Opioid antagonists
Descending fibres of raphe nuclei
Stressful situations
Posterior column excitation
Stimulation of lower motor neuron
F
F
T
F
F
27.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Symphathetic nervous system
Increase myocardial contractions
Relaxes pyloric sphincter
Broncho dilatation
Evacuation of urinary bladder
Semen ejaculation
T
F
T
F
T
28.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Brain and brainstem blood supply
Cortical capillaries are fenestrated
Middle cerebral artery supply motor cortex controlling facial movements
Blockage of posterior crerebral artery causes homonymous hemianopia
Basilar artery is located on the posterior brain stem
“Berry” aneuryms occurs in branches of artery
T
T
T
F
T
29.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Descending tracts that are directly influenced by cerebral cortex
Medial vestibulospinal tract
Rubrospinal tract
Reticulospinal tract
Tectospinal tract
Raphespinal tract
F
T
T
T
F
30.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Cerebellum lesions causes
Contralateral deficit
Ataxia
Hypereflexia
Dysmetria
Tremor at rest
T
T
F
T
F
31.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sensory input that is important for posture
Auditory
Visual
Vestibular
Pain
Proprioception
F
T
T
F
T
32.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Parkinson’s disease tremor
Accentuated by voluntary muscle movement
Due to lesion in subthalamic
Controlled by -adrenergic blocking drugs
Most conspicuous at rest
Disappear in sleep
F
F
F
T
T
33.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Brain energy metabolism
Oxygen is for oxidation of carbohydrate
ATP is used to maintain membrane potential
Glucose uptake is dependent upon insulin
Glucose uptake is by active transport
Contain large amount of creatine phosphate
T
T
F
F
T
34.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Direct synaptic targets include
Inferior colliculitis
Superior colliculitis
Pretectal area
Primary visual cortex
Lateral geniculate nuclei
F
T
T
F
T
35.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Sensorineural deafness
Middle ear pathology
Cochlear abnormality
Loss of nerve conduction
Caused by wax in middle ear
Incus dislocation
F
F
T
F
F
36.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Complication of bacterial meningitis
Hydrocephalus
Cerebral thrombophlebitis
Intracranial herniation
Epilepsy
Subdural hemorrhage
T
T
T
T
F
37.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Simple partial / focal seizures
Localised EEG spikes
Spread of abnormal electrical activity
Associated with loss of consciousness
Increased salivation
Myoclonic activity
T
T
T
T
T
38.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Short wave sleep
Increase catecholamines production
Muscle paralysis
Synchronized EEG
Microsleep
Regular respiratory cycle
F
F
T
F
T
39.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Raised intracranial pressure is caused by
Tumor
Intracranial hematoma
Trauma
Diabetes
Hypovolemic shock
T
T
T
F
F
40.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Alzheimer’s disease
Least form of dementia
Occurs as individual age
Caused by loss of neuron
Affects long term memory first
Intracellular neurofibrillary tangles
F
F
T
F
T
41.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In Wernicke’s aphasia
There is usually a fluent aphasia
Repetition of words is difficult
Comprehension is usually not affected
Naming of objects is usually not affected
It is related to damage of the posterior temporal & inferior parietal cortex
T
T
F
T
T
42.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
“First rank symptoms” of schizophrenia
auditory halucinations
early morning awakening
poor appetite
thought insertion
delusional thinking
T
F
F
T
T
Immunology
43.
In a secondary immune response
a.
IgG is the predominant antibody type
b.
There is shorter lag phase
c.
The antibody titre is lower
d.
There is a slower rate of decline
e.
A higher log phase is present
T
T
F
T
T
44.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In hypersensitivity reactions
A type IV is also known as anaphylactoid reaction
A type IV is responsible for contact dermatitis
A type II is an immune complex antibody mediated reaction
Type III immune complexes cause a vasculitis
A type I reaction is associated with food allergies
F
T
F
T
T
45.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The processes of HIV infection include
Attachment to the membrane receptors on CD4 cells
Conversion of viral RNA into viral DNA
Insertion of viral DNA into host’s genome
Conversion of host DNA into the viral RNA
Host protease inhibits viral activity
T
T
T
F
F
46.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Concerning immunoglobulins
IgM accounts for 10% of the total immunoglobulin pool
IgG mediates anaphylaxis
IgA is found in intestinal secretions
IgE is coexpressed with IgM
IgD binds to microorganisms
T
F
T
F
F
47.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Antigens
Have specific determinants
May be lipids
May be detected by latex agglutination
Cannot stimulate autoantibody response
Are also called immunogens
T
T
T
F
F
48.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
In relation to cellular functions
Neutrophils provide protection against viral infections
Eosinophils are capable of killing most bacteria
Basophils have a higher concentration of histamine
Mast cells react with IgA
CD4+ T cells recognize foreign antigen presented by MHC class I
49.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Live vaccines
Contain attenuated organisms
T
Can be given safely to a child with inherited immune deficiency syndrome F
Are superior to killed organism vaccines in inducing an immune response T
Usually requires “booster” doses
F
May revert to their virulent form
T
50.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The Major Histocompatibility Complex
Is important for antigen presentation to T lymphocytes
Is comprised of 2 major classes
Has a major role in development of the B cell repertoire
Is known as HLA in human
Determines the blood type of an individual
F
F
F
F
F
T
F
T
T
F