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PARTS OF SPEECH NOUN – A word used to name a _________________, ________________, ________________, or ________________ Common Noun – Names any one of a group of persons, places, things, or ideas ______________________, ______________________, _____________________, _________________ Proper Noun – Names a particular person, place, thing, or idea _____________________, _____________________, _______________________, _________________ Create 2 sentences: One with at least 3 common nouns, One with at least 3 proper nouns 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________________ Concrete Noun – Abstract Noun – PRONOUN – A word used in place of a ___________________ or more than one ________________. The word a pronoun stands for is called the _____________________ of the pronoun. Personal Pronoun – Refers to the one ___________________ (1st person), the one __________________ (2nd person), or the one _______________________ (3rd person). 1st person: I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours 2nd person: you, your, yours 3rd person: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs Create two original sentences which contain at least one personal pronoun from each person: 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7th Grade English 1 Indefinite Pronoun – Refers to a _____________, _____________, ______________, or ___________ that may or may not be specifically ________________. all another any anybody anyone anything both each either everybody everyone everything few many more most much neither nobody none no one nothing one other several some somebody someone something such Other Pronouns Demonstrative this that these those Interrogative who whom that which which what whose whom whose Relative who Reflexive/Intensive FIRST PERSON SECOND PERSON THIRD PERSON myself, ourselves yourself, yourselves himself, herself, itself, themselves Noun Exercises A. Identify all common nouns (CN) and proper nouns (PN). 1. A student ran home after school. 2. The football game is at Garnet Valley High School. 3. Joe walks his dog every day after dinner at Olive Garden. 4. We love the movie Frozen, as well as many other Disney movies. 5. Lake Placid is very cold during the winter months. B. Underline all of the pronouns in the following sentences. 1. He told his mom about his day, and then he played outside. 2. She told him not to go too far, since he would be eating soon. 3. He has a sister named Sue, and she has a dog that is named Rosie 4. After dinner nobody wanted to help them work on their homework. 5. At 9:00 everybody finally got ready to go to the movies. 7th Grade English 2 C. Underline or label all of the nouns and pronouns in the following sentences. 1. Cindy went to the mall with Ashley and me. 2. Have they received their computer from the company yet? 3. The cook was upset after he burnt everyone’s hamburger and fries. 4. James saw a fire in the forest and then he called the fire department. 5. Nick went to the store. He ordered 5 sandwiches for himself! 6. Staci bought a pen and pencil. She brought them with her to school. D. Determine whether the bolded/italicized words are nouns or pronouns. For centuries, (1) cultures all over the world have used various (2) designs to decorate fabrics, walls, floors, pottery and many other (3) things used in daily life. The (4) Romans, for example, were masters at creating tiled (5) walls and floors. Because their religion did not allow (6) them to make images of any animals or (7) people, they worked with shapes. As a matter of fact, all of the designs (8) they created were (9) symmetrical. The Romans even inspired one twentieth-century artist, (10) M.C. Escher, to create designs much like their (11) buildings of old. (12) He, however, created designs that featured birds, (13) lizards, and other natural (14) forms unlike the Roman designs (15) he mimicked. E. Free Write- Think about your most favorite place in the world and in no less than six (6) sentences describe that place including ‘why’ that particular place is so special to you. Then review your writing and identify all of the nouns and pronouns you used. 7th Grade English 3 ADJECTIVE – A word used to modify (describe or make more definite) a __________________ or __________________ Adjectives modify nouns or pronouns by telling: What Kind? Which One? How Many? How Much? Peter bought red shoes. Samantha took the last cookie. He made several errors on the driver’s exam. Jackie has enough money to get to Florida. Adjectives usually ____________________ the words they modify, but sometimes are placed ________________ the words they modify for emphasis. Before After The tall and handsome actor waved to the crowd. The actor, tall and handsome, waved to the crowd. Adjectives may be ____________________ from the words they modify. The ocean was rough. Sam is confident. Ray is depressed. __________________ are the most frequently used adjectives. Indefinite Articles (A, An) refer to one of a _____________________ group. Sheila has a fish tank and an ant farm. Definite Article (The) refers to someone or something _______ _____________________ and can precede any word. The boxer Muhammad Ali is also known as “The Greatest.” 7th Grade English 4 Some words can be used as both __________________ and adjectives: all that neither either both those several more whose few another those one which much each what some other many any this Adjective Pronoun - Several athletes won awards at the banquet. (Several modifies athletes) Several won awards at the banquet. (Several takes the place of the noun athletes) Adjective Pronoun - Both girls are going to the show. (both modifies athletes) Both are going to the show. (both takes the place of the noun athletes) Adjective Pronoun - those shoes are mine. (those modifies athletes) Those are mine. (those takes the place of the noun athletes) Sometimes __________________ are used as adjectives. Nouns Nouns Used As Adjectives business business letter tuna fish tuna fish salad United States United States government __________________ adjectives are two or more adjectives that describe the same noun and are equal in describing the noun. Their order can be reversed and the word and can be inserted between them. Example: While strolling in the woods, they found a strange, mysterious and frightened child. __________________ adjectives are two or more adjectives that describe the same noun, but they need to be put in a specific order for them to make sense. Their order cannot be reversed. Example: He bought a wonderful old French car. 7th Grade English 5 ADJECTIVE Exercises A. Underline the adjective(s) in each of the following sentences and draw an arrow to the word they modify. Be sure to include articles. Label coordinating adjectives as CO and cumulative adjectives as CU. 1. The big, red bike was fast. 2. The game featured several new players. 3. Her soft, warm hands touched my cold, red face. 4. The ocean is rough, but John is a confident, talented swimmer. 5. Before going camping, we had to pack our large pop-up camper. 6. Little babies cry loud and often have wet, stinky diapers. B. Label all of the common nouns (CN), proper nouns (PN), pronouns (PRO), and adjectives (ADJ). If the word is an ADJ draw an arrow to the word/words it modifies. Label coordinating adjectives as CO and cumulative adjectives as CU. 1. Denver is a beautiful city to visit, especially if you like cold, snowy weather. 2. The tall Spanish woman turned to her sister and said, “You better put the expensive purse back.” 3. When the baseball catcher dropped the fly ball, the angry crowd at Citizens Bank Park yelled. 4. Tom and Mary have many nice friends. They invite them to their fun birthday parties. 5. Angry and frustrated, the boy cried on his new, mahogany bed. 6. Tuna fish swim in warm waters. Tuna fish sandwiches are good and healthy. C. Below are ten sentences in which the nouns have been underlined. Re-write each sentence by adding one or two adjectives that will make the noun more vivid. Make sure to use at least one pair of coordinating adjectives and one pair of cumulative adjectives. 1. The clown sang a song. The crazy, kooky clown sang a silly children’s song. 2. The sisters looked out the window. 3. We were searching for a hat and a coat. 7th Grade English 6 4. Have you seen the woman walking the lion? 5. Rain is falling in the forest. VERB – A word used to express an _____________________ or a state of _____________________. Action Verbs – express ___________________ (write, sit, talk) or ____________________ (think, believe, understand) activity. Example 1: ____________________________________________________________ Example 2: ____________________________________________________________ Linking Verbs – Connect the subject with a word that ___________________ or __________________ it. Linking verbs help describe the condition or state-of-being of a person or thing. am is are was were being be can be may be might be must be shall be will be could be should be would be has been have been had been shall have been will have been could have been should have been would have been Example 1: ____________________________________________________________ Example 2: ____________________________________________________________ Some verbs can be used as both __________________ verbs and _________________ verbs. appear become feel grow look remain seem smell sound stay John looked very healthy. - Linking I looked at John to see if he was healthy - Action taste turn Verb Phrases – Consist of a _____________ verb and at least one _________________ verb. Commonly Used Helping Verbs Forms of Be am were is be are being was been Forms of Have has have having had Forms of Do do does doing did Others may might must can shall will could should would She did go to the parade. 7th Grade English I should leave the house now! He was seen with his father. 7 Verb Exercises A. Underline the verb(s) in each of the following sentences and determine whether it is an action verb (AV), linking verb (LV) or verb phrase (VP). 1. The catcher dropped the ball. 2. The people at that lunch table are my friends. 3. The waiter ignored the customer. 4. Andres waited for Rachel date all night. 5. The referee explained the overtime rules. 6. Drew misunderstood the play. 7. The author is our guest. 8. Jennifer could be the thief. 9. Brandon should have been home. 10. That man must be your dad. B Underline the verb(s) in each of the following sentences and determine whether it is an action verb (AV), linking verb (LV) or verb phrase (VP). 1. I can be your friend. 2. Chris did the homework. 3. I am going to the store. 4. Tom and Breana did witness the accident. 5. The boy must have called his mother. 6. The entertainer could have hired a bodyguard. 7. This boat must have sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. 8. The detectives looked for clues. vs. The detectives looked puzzled. 9. She felt the soft pillow. vs. She felt happy. 10. Brittany tasted the soup. vs. The soup tasted spicy. 7th Grade English 8 ADVERB – A word that modifies ____________________, ______________________, and other _______________________. Adverbs make sentence meaning more clear and complete by telling: ___________________ ____________________ ___________________ ___________________ Adverbs Modify Verbs. The adverb can be positioned _______________________. Example: Andre sang. How? Andre sang magnificently. When? Andre sang earlier. Where? Andre sang there. To what extent? Andre sang frequently. Adverbs Modify Adjectives. When an adverb modifies an __________________, its position usually comes ________________ the word it modifies. It was a clear day. The problem was difficult. Cori was late. How clear? It was a __________________ clear day. How difficult? The problem was _______________ difficult. To what extent? Cori was __________________ late. Adverbs Modify Other Adverbs. When an adverb modifies another __________________, its position usually comes __________________ the word it modifies. How fast? Joe spoke __________________ fast. He agreed enthusiastically. How enthusiastically? The students agreed _______________ enthusiastically. The basketball rolled away. To what extent? The basketball rolled __________________ away. Joe spoke fast. 7th Grade English 9 Adverb Exercises A. Underline the adverb(s) in each of the following sentences and draw an arrow to the word they modify. 1. The big, red bike was extremely fast. 2. The girl with vividly blue eyes lives in a very large city. 3. The woman drove yesterday. She drives very slowly. 4. Her soft, warm hands touched my extremely cold, red face. 5. John swam there earlier. 6. I now understand what Drew said. 7. Rachel reacted rather calmly. 8. The man invested wisely. 9. He did well on the test. 10. Several keys were found nearby. 11. The house caved in quickly yesterday. 12. Angrily, Chris jumped off the ice. B. Include an adverb in each of the blank spots. 1. The bus always arrives late. 2. Does your car usually start 3. 4. The doctor gave orders 5. 6. A large calico cat crept 7th Grade English on cold mornings? every city in the United States has a zoo. and . , the summers have been extremely hot. across the lawn. 10 PREPOSITION – A word used to show the relationship of a _________________________ or _____________________ to some other word in the sentence. A preposition always introduces a _________________________________________. The noun or pronoun that ends the prepositional phrase is called the ____________________________________. Prepositional Phrase – Includes a ______________________, a noun or pronoun called the _____________________________, and any modifiers of that object. Commonly Used Prepositions and Compound Prepositions About Above Across After Against Along Among Around As At Before Behind Below Beneath Beside Besides Between Beyond But (except) By Down During Except For From In Inside Into Like Near Of Off On Out Outside Over Past Since Through Throughout To Toward Under Underneath Until Unto Up Upon With Within Without ---------------------- Compound Prepositions According to Along with Apart from Aside from As of Because of By means of In addition to In front of In place of In spite of Instead of Next to On account of Out of Example Sentence – The playful puppy ran. The playful puppy ran beside the house. The playful puppy ran through the house. The playful puppy ran around the house. The playful puppy ran towards the house. The playful puppy ran under the house. The playful puppy ran in the house. The playful puppy ran past the house. The playful puppy ran along the house. A. In each of the following sentences put the prepositional phrases in parenthesis and underline the object of the preposition. 7th Grade English 11 1. The tall building with the red roof near the school is our new library. 2. The big house on the next street is near the river beyond the farm. 3. Santa Claus places presents underneath the Christmas tree on Christmas morning. 4. The woman from Spain on the airplane was my old friend from college. 5. The catcher on the opposing team dropped the fly ball into the dugout. 6. The fast car roared down the hill without any breaks. 7. Tom and Mary looked at the rainbow beyond the horizon. 8. The boy from the neighborhood cried behind the tree. 9. Fish swim around the lake underneath the water. 10. This car belongs to the old man on the bench over there. 11. In the distance, TJ saw a huge deer with giant antlers run into the brush. 12. Cori’s house is located over the bridge past the house. B. Write a preposition to complete each sentence (there can be more than one correct answer). 1. I was waiting Tim Horton’s for over an hour! the corner 2. I am scheduled to work 4:30 p.m. every day 3. At the concert, I didn’t like the person who sat 4. I have to drive the shopping mall 5. The train is leaving Toronto 6. I found my earring 8. The child hid 7th Grade English me. the corner the couch State and Main Streets. 6:30 and is going east the dirty clothes laying 7. The drinking glasses are stored the week. Oshawa. the washer. the plates in the cupboard. a game of hide-and-seek. 12 C. Underline the preposition(s) in each sentence. 1. The kitten found a dark place to hide in back of the sofa. 2. Kevin ran as fast as he could to get ahead of the other runners. 3. In case of a tornado, go to a room with no windows. 4. Ashley has been running a fever since early yesterday. 5. Somehow, one red tulip bloomed among the daffodils. 6. Benjamin and Eric threw the ball back and forth over the house. 7. The tiny boy walked into the elevator carrying a huge stuffed animal. 8. Everyone was invited to the neighborhood party at my house in June. 9. Savannah left her homework near the door. 10. I put my alarm clock by my bed so it would wake me up in the morning. 7th Grade English 13 CONJUNCTION – A word used to join ___________________ or ___________________ of words. Coordinating Conjunction - ____________________ words or groups of words in the same way. F ____________ I love him very much for he is my father. A ____________ Tom found a bat and a glove. N ____________ Neither TJ nor Breanna will attend the banquet. B ____________ Cori placed an ad, but no one responded. O ____________ You can have the cake or the ice cream. Y ____________ Jen likes Fred, yet went to the dance with Bob. S ____________ Rachel likes oatmeal, so she ordered an oatmeal cookie. Correlative Conjunction - ______________ of conjunctions that connect words or groups of words in the same way. both … and Both Andre and Chris must study hard. either … or Either Eric goes or Kevin goes. neither … nor Neither Brittany nor Brandon know the answer. not only … but (also) She is not only smart, but also very pretty. whether … or Whether he is right or wrong is not the question. Subordinating Conjunction – begins a subordinate _____________________ and connects it to an _____________________ clause. although because when before where that whether though while We arrived late because our train was delayed. John listened while Cori spoke. Although he has many friends, he is not a very good person. th 7 Grade English 14 INTERJECTION – A word used to express ______________________. It has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence. Ah Yikes Hey Oh Ouch Well Whew Wow An interjection is set off from the rest of the sentence by an ________________________ point (!) or a ____________________. Hey! Get out of here. A. Well, I think she’s nice. Ouch! That hurts a lot! In the following sentences identify the coordinating, correlating, and subordinating conjunctions. 1. Wow! A strange object fell from the sky and crashed onto my roof. 2. Both photographers and reporters covered the stories. 3. I believed the object was a rock from Mars, but nobody could really prove that theory. 4. The book on the table is funny yet very serious. 5. I have never seen anything like it, so tell me where it came from! 6. Ridiculous! Neither my mother nor father believed what I was telling them. 7. While I played the acoustic guitar, Mary played the concert piano by the window. 8. Their avoiding me is still puzzling and frustrating, but I do understand their decision. 9. I walked to the window and saw something strange moving around in our backyard. 10. Whether she believes me or not, I am telling the truth…Absolutely! 11. Is that light a car light or a spot light? 12. Some people believe in the existence of alien life, but some people do not. 13. Either this pair of leather shoes or that pair of boots would look fine. 14. Neither Tom nor Rachel was at the Homecoming dance. 15. Whether we go to Disney World or the Bahamas is a decision we will have to make. 16. Neither trigonometry nor calculus is very enjoyable. 17. Tom hit the plastic ball far into the woods when he swung the wooden bat. 18. I will take eat the hot dog and chips or the burger platter. 7th Grade English 15 B. Discuss two different choices that are made in That was Then, This is Now. Be sure to use at least three examples of each conjunction (coordinating, correlative, & subordinating) in your response. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7th Grade English 16