Download Exam #3 (final)

BI 200 – Final Exam A
Spring 2002
Name
Lab Section. Seat#
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (i.e., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit.
Multiple choice. 2 points each
1. Which of the following are made up of prokaryotic cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bacteria and Algae
Archaea and Fungi
Protozoa and Metazoa
Bacteria and Archaea
Protozoa and Viruses
2. The synthesis of RNA is carried out by ______________ and is referred to as
_______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
RNA polymerase; RNA Replication
Ribosomes; Transcription
Reverse Transcriptase; Translation
RNA polymerase; Transcription
Ribosomes; Translation
3. Who demonstrated that Anthrax is caused by a specific bacterium – Bacillus
anthracis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur
Courtney Love
Sergei Winogradsky
Joseph Lister
4. Phospholipids of archaea differ from those in bacterial membranes because archaean
membranes have hydrophobic side chains made of ______________ called phytols rather
than straight chain fatty acids, and these are attached by _________ linkages to glycerol.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
tetrapyrole; ester
sterols; ester
isoprene sub-units; ether
hopanoids; ether
none of the above, they have identical phospholipids
BI 200 – Final Exam B
Spring 2002
Name
Lab Section. Seat#
Disclaimer
Consider each question, and answer each in the appropriate format (i.e., multiple choice).
You may qualify your answer if you have reservations. If your comments have merit,
you may receive partial or full credit.
Multiple choice. 2 points each
1. Which of the following are made up of prokaryotic cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Bacteria and Protozoa
Archaea and Fungi
Protozoa and Metazoa
Bacteria and Archaea
Protozoa and Viruses
2. The synthesis of protein is carried out by ______________ and is referred to as
_______________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
RNA polymerase; RNA Replication
Ribosomes; Transcription
Reverse Transcriptase; Translation
RNA polymerase; Transcription
Ribosomes; Translation
3. Who demonstrated that Anthrax is caused by a specific bacterium – Bacillus
anthracis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur
Courtney Love
Sergei Winogradsky
Joseph Lister
4. Phospholipids of eukaryotes differ from those in bacterial membranes because
eukaryotic membranes have hydrophobic side chains which include ______________,
but are similar in that these are attached by _________ linkages to glycerol.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
tetrapyrole; ester
sterols; ester
isoprene sub-units; ether
hopanoids; ether
none of the above, they have identical phospholipids
5. Maltose enters the cell with the help of three proteins: a periplasmic binding protein, a
channel protein in the membrane, and an ATP kinase on the inside of the cell. This is an
example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Passive diffusion
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Group translocation
“ABC” transport
6. Cell walls of fungi are made of a polymer called _________________ which is
composed of _________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cellulose;  1->4 linked glucose
chitin;  1->4 linked N-acetylglucosamine
peptidoglycan;  1->4 linked N-acetylglucosamine and muramic acid
the S-layer; proteins
none of the above, fungi don’t have cell walls.
7. In the gram-negative cell envelope, which is the correct order of constituents as you
move from the inside of the cell (cytoplasm) to the outside?
a. cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane,
lipopolysaccharide
b. cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane, periplasm
c. cytoplasmic membrane, porin, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, outer membrane
d. porin, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane, lipopolysaccharide
e. porin, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane, periplasm
8. How many base pairs in the E. coli chromosome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4
4,000
4.5 x 106
none, DNA is usually single stranded in prokaryotes
none, prokaryotes have plasmids, but not chromosomes
9. Which of the following is not generally true about DNA in prokaryotes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
DNA is supercoiled around histone proteins
DNA is double stranded
There is one copy of each chromosome
Chromosomes are usually circular rather than linear
There is usually just one chromosome
5. Maltose enters the cell with the help of three proteins: a periplasmic binding protein, a
channel protein in the membrane, and an ATP kinase on the inside of the cell. This is an
example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Passive diffusion
Primary active transport
Secondary active transport
Group translocation
“ABC” transport
6. Cell walls of bacteria are made of a polymer called _________________ which is
composed of _________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cellulose;  1->4 linked glucose
chitin;  1->4 linked N-acetylglucosamine
peptidoglycan;  1->4 linked N-acetylglucosamine and muramic acid
the S-layer; proteins
none of the above, bacteria don’t have cell walls.
7. In the gram-negative cell envelope, which is the correct order of constituents as you
move from the inside of the cell (cytoplasm) to the outside?
a. cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane,
lipopolysaccharide
b. cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane, periplasm
c. cytoplasmic membrane, porin, peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, outer membrane
d. porin, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane, lipopolysaccharide
e. porin, peptidoglycan, lipoprotein, outer membrane, periplasm
8. How many genes in the E. coli chromosome?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
4
4,000
4.5 x 106
none, prokaryotes have codons, but not genes
none, prokaryotes have plasmids, but not genes
9. Which of the following is not generally true about DNA in prokaryotes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
DNA is supercoiled without histone proteins
DNA is double stranded
There are two copies of each chromosome
Chromosomes are usually circular rather than linear
There is usually just one chromosome
10. Endospores
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
are bacterial reproductive structures
are associated with the genus Escherichia
contain diaminopimelic acid and Mg2+ ions
all of the above
none of the above
11. Which of the following would not be a storage polymer that could provide carbon,
energy, or other essential nutrient?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
glycogen
poly-hydroxybutyrate
polyphosphate
magnetite
sulfur granules
12. Which of the following would not be involved in attaching a bacterium to some
target? The targets would be another cell for mating, a tooth, or epithelial cells.
a.
b.
c.
d.
capsule
fimbriae
flagellum
sex pilus
13. The progenote or universal ancestor would have which of the following traits
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
be a virus
be a eukaryote
be a mesophile – preferring body temperature
be an anaerobe, having no requirement for oxygen gas
be a little green man with antennae
14. Appreciable amounts of oxygen gas (1%) first appeared _________ years ago.
Fossils resembling modern ___________ are abundant from that period.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.5 billion; Martian bacillus
1.9 billion; cyanobacteria
1.4 billion; eukaryotes
600 million; land plants
6,000; humans
10. Endospores
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
are bacterial reproductive structures
are associated with the genus Escherichia
contain dipicolinic acid and Ca2+ ions
all of the above
none of the above
11. Which of the following would not be a storage polymer that could provide carbon,
energy, or other essential nutrient?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
glycogen
poly-hydroxybutyrate
polyphosphate
magnetite
sulfur granules
12. Which of the following would not be involved in attaching a bacterium to some
target? The targets would be another cell for mating, a tooth, epithelial cells.
a.
b.
c.
d.
capsule
fimbriae
flagellum
sex pilus
13. The progenote or universal ancestor would have which of the following traits?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
be a virus
be a prokaryote
be a mesophile – preferring body temperature
be an aerobe, requiring oxygen gas
be a little green man with antennae
14. Appreciable amounts of oxygen gas (1%) first appeared _________ years ago.
Fossils resembling modern ___________ are abundant from that period.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.5 billion; Martian bacillus
1.9 billion; cyanobacteria
1.4 billion; eukaryotes
600 million; land plants
6,000; humans
15. Microtubules are part of the structure of all of the following, except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
cilia
eukaryotic flagella
prokaryotic flagella
cytoskeleton
spindle apparatus
16. The chloroplast is organized into highly folded inner membranes called
_____________ and an internal space called the ____________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
christae; matrix
thylakoids; stroma
chlorosomes; cytoplasm
nitrosomonas; periplasm
mitochondria; hydrogenosome
17. Which of the following is true about glycolysis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
oxygen is consumed
oxygen is produced
ATP is produced by electron transport phosphorylation
ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
none of the above is correct
18. Which of the following is true about the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol and CO2 by
yeast?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
oxygen is consumed
oxygen is produced
ATP is produced by electron transport phosphorylation
ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
none of the above is correct
19. Which of the following is true about the Krebs (TCA) cycle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
oxygen is consumed
oxygen is produced
ATP is produced by electron transport phosphorylation
ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
none of the above is correct
20. Which of the following is not true about electron transport phosphorylation in
aerobic respiration?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
oxygen is consumed
a membrane is required
ATP is produced by ATPase
ATP is produced by substrate level phosphorylation
a proton gradient, H+, is formed
21. Which enzyme would be unique in the fermentation of glucose to lactic acid?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
-galactosidase
lactase
alcohol dehydrogenase
aldolase
lactate dehydrogenase
22. Which organism would carry out the fermentation of glucose to ethanol and CO2?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Pseudomonas
Lactobacillus
Zymomonas
Streptococcus
Methanosarcina
23. Which of the following organisms grows by transferring electrons from acetic acid to
Fe3+ (ferric iron)? It is an obligate anaerobe, and produces Fe2+ (ferrous iron) as end
product.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Gallionella
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
Rusticyanin
Geobacter
Leptothrix
24. The unique enzyme in substrate oxidation for the Iron-oxidizing bacterium
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
APS
nitrite oxidase
ammonium monooxygenase
rusticyanin
aldolase
25. Methanogens
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
grow rapidly
fluoresce under ultraviolet light due to cofactor F420
are facultative anaerobes
are not widely distributed in nature
are not involved in decomposition
26. Denitrification
a.
b.
c.
d.
is carried out by E. coli
is an example of lithotrophy
depletes nitrate from soil
is associated with acid mine drainage
27. The purple pigment associated with halophillic photosynthetic archaea is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
phycobillin
bacteriochlorophyll a
bacteriorhodopsin
-carotene
chlorophyll g
28. Anoxygenic photosynthesis
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
is also called non-cyclic photosynthesis
is carried out by purple and green sulfur bacteria (among others)
involves central chlorophyll molecules P680 of photosystem II
evolved after aerobic respiration and oxygenic photosynthesis
requires the continuous input of electrons from H2O
29. Which of the following is an oxygenic phototrophic bacterium?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Volvox
Oscillatoria
Halobacterium
Rhodospirillum
Clostridium
30. Carbon fixation occurs in the ______________ of lithoautotrophic and
photoautotrophic bacteria, while nitrogen fixation occurs in special cyanobacterial cells
called __________________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
magnetosomes; akinetes
endospores; phycobillisomes
hydrogenosomes; auxotrophs
chlorosomes; grana
carboxysomes; heterocysts
31. Which statement describes the chromosomal content of a typical bacterium?
a.
a.
a.
a.
Two copies of a single double-stranded, circular DNA molecule.
Two copies of a single double-stranded, circular RNA molecule.
One copy of a single double-stranded, circular DNA molecule.
Two copies of multiple double-stranded, linear DNA molecules.
32. The inability to ferment lactose is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
a visible phenotypic marker
a differential phenotypic marker
a selectable phenotypic marker
a heterozygote
33. Resistance to the antibiotic penicillin is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
a visible phenotypic marker
a differential phenotypic marker
a selectable phenotypic marker
a homozygote
34. A mutant unable to synthesize the amino acid tryptophan is an example of
a.
b.
c.
d.
wild type
a prototroph
an autotroph
an auxotroph
35. Which of the following would be the phenotypic and genotypic designation for such
a mutant?
a.
b.
c.
d.
TRP -; trpA1
Trp+; trpA1
Trp-; trpA1
Lac +; TrpA1
36. Which of the following is not a means of gene exchange among bacteria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
transcription
transformation
conjugation
transduction
37. Plasmids may be functionally involved in all of the following except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
transduction
transfer of chromosome
synthesis of pili
transfer of drug resistance
conjugation
38. In conjugation genes on plasmids are transferred in matings between:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
two F- strains
F+ and F- cells
two F+ strains
a and b
b and c
39. Which of the following is not true about transformation?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Viruses are involved.
The process is sensitive to the enzyme DNase.
DNA can be transferred between species.
The donor cell must be lysed before transfer can take place.
40. A bacterium containing two copies of the hisA gene, a mutant gene on the
chromosome, and a wild type gene on a plasmid is described as a
a.
b.
c.
d.
haploid
diploid
merodiploid
allele
41. Independent virus particles (virion)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
do not contain nucleic acids
do not carry out metabolism
do not contain ribosomes
a, b, and c are all true
only b and c are true
42. Viruses that infect bacteria are called
a.
b.
c.
d.
retroviruses
bacteriorhodopsin
bacteriochlorophyll
bacteriophage
43. Which of the following viruses does not have icosohedral symmetry:
a. M13
b.  - Lambda
c. T4
d. HIV
c. 0.02 mm
d. 0.02 inches
44. Viruses may be as small as
a. 0.02 nm
b. 0.02 m
45. The type of infection caused by the Ebola virus is best characterized as
a.
b.
c.
d.
Lytic
Tumerogenic
Persistent
Latent
46. The virus that poses the largest health threat to human beings, in terms of number of
people that have died since the turn of the century, is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
HIV
rhabdovirus
orthomyxovirus
Ebola virus
T4
47. The type of bacterial virus which is covalently inserted into its host’s DNA is called
a.
b.
c.
d.
an Hfr strain
temperate phage
macrophage
virulent phage
48. The last protein expressed during a lytic infection is
a.
b.
c.
d.
sigma factor
nuclease
lysozyme
DNA polymerase
49. Which of the following sequences is consistent with the order of events during a lytic
infection? (Note: not all 7 steps are included)
a.
b.
c.
d.
attachment, synthesis of protein coats, assembly, nucleic acid replication, lysis
attachment, synthesis of protein coats, nucleic acid replication, assembly, lysis
attachment, nucleic acid replication, synthesis of protein coats, assembly, lysis
attachment, lysis, synthesis of protein coats, assembly, nucleic acid replication
50. 2 free points
BI 200 Final Exam Topics
1. 7 types of microbes – eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and viruses
2. Central dogma of biology – DNA replication, transcription,
and translation
3. History of microbiology – Pasteur, Koch, and Winogradsky
4. Phospholipid structure – archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes
5. Transport mechanisms – porters, group translocation, ABC
transport, diffusion
6. Cell wall materials in microbes – cellulose, chitin,
peptidoglycans, and S-layers
7. Gram-negative cell envelopes – organization of
peptidoglycan, periplasm, LPS, etc.
8. DNA in prokaryotes – genome size in bases and genes
9. DNA in prokaryotes – chromosome structure
10. Endospores – function, chemical markers, and
representative genera
11. Internal prokaryotic features – granules, “-somes”,
vesicles, etc.
12. External prokaryotic features – pili, capsules, flagella,
fimbriae
13. Early Earth’s conditions and the universal ancestor
14. Time of events in Earth’s history; oxygen atmosphere
15. Microtubules of eukaryotes
16. Structure of chloroplasts/mitochondria
17. Glycolysis; oxygen and ATP production (ETP, SLP)
18. Reduction of pyruvate to ethanol; oxygen and ATP
production (ETP, SLP)
19. TCA cycle; oxygen and ATP production (ETP, SLP)
20. Aerobic respiration; oxygen and ATP production (ETP,
SLP)
21. Enzymes of lactic acid and ethanol fermentation
22. Organisms of lactic acid and ethanol fermentation
23. Iron reducing and iron oxidizing bacteria
24. Enzyme of chemolithotrophic substrate oxidation
25. Methanogens
26. Denitrification
27. Photosynthesis in archaea
28. Anoxygenic/Oxygenic photosynthesis - general properties
29. Anoxygenic/Oxygenic photosynthesis - organisms
30. Carbon and nitrogen fixation in photosynthetic bacteria
31. DNA content of bacteria
32. Phenotypes of bacteria – visible, selectable, differential
33. Phenotypes of bacteria – visible, selectable, differential
34. Wild type, prototroph, and auxotroph
35. Genotypic and phenotypic designations in prokaryotes
36. Mechanisms of gene exchange in prokaryotes
37. Role of plasmids in gene exchange
38. Mating types in bacteria
39. Properties of transformation
40. Bacteria with 2 or more copies of one or more genes
41. Structure and activity of virus particles
42. Host specificity of viruses
43. Virus shapes – icosohedral, helical, complex, enveloped
44. Size of virus particles
45. Effects of animal viruses – tumors, lytic, persistent, and
lysogenic
46. Morbidity and mortality – HIV, Ebola, and the flu
47. Lytic and lysogenic bacteriophage
48. Order of expression of viral proteins
49. Order of 7 steps of viral infection
50. Good bye!