Download Photosynthesis Review Questions

Chapter 10 Review Questions
1. What is a hormone?
2. Give 3 examples of endocrine glands.
3. What is the difference between an endocrine gland and an exocrine gland?
4. What are 2 differences between protein and steroid hormones?
5. Describe the action of steroid hormones.
6. Describe the action of protein hormones.
7. Where is the pituitary gland located and why is it called the "master gland"?
8. What 2 hormones are produced by the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior pituitary?
9. In what type of pancreatic cells is insulin produced? glucagon?
10. After you eat a meal, what happens to your blood sugar level? How does your body adjust your
blood sugar levels? Describe what hormone(s) is(are) involved
11. What does your body do to maintain blood sugar levels if you haven't eaten in a long time?
Explain.
12. What group of hormones released by the adrenal glands help to increase blood sugar levels?
13. What is Type 2 diabetes? How can it be managed/controlled?
14. What hormone causes an increase in blood calcium levels? a decrease in blood calcium levels?
15. Describe how a deficiency in iodine causes goiters. Make specific reference to the hormones
involved.
16. During puberty in males, what 2 hormones are released by the anterior pituitary? What effects
do they have?
17. What are 2 examples of hormones in the female reproductive cycle that participate in negative
feedback control systems?
18. Give an example of positive feedback in the female reproductive cycle (not during pregnancy or
childbirth).
19. If the testes in a mouse are removed, which of the following would be found in the mouse?
-testosterone
-FSH
-LH
-sperm
20. Due to a medical condition, a boy had to have his pituitary gland removed before puberty.
Without hormone therapy, which of the following would be found in his body?
-testosterone
-FSH
-LH
-sperm
21. When a woman is pregnant, what prevents any new eggs from maturing and being released?
Chapter 10 Review Questions - Answers
1. a chemical released by endocrine cells that affect cells in another part of the body
2. Any 3 of... hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, kidney, adrenal, testes, ovary,
pineal gland, etc.
3. Endocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood or extra-cellular fluid; exocrine glands (like sweat glands
& salivary glands) secrete substances into ducts that lead outside the body or into body cavities
4. steroid hormones are made from cholesterol (a lipid) & are not soluble in water
protein hormones are chains of amino acids & are soluble in water
5. steroid hormones diffuse into cell, attach to receptor molecule, and activate a gene in the nucleus
to transcribe & translate a specific protein
6. protein hormones combine with receptor on cell membrane, which activates reactions inside of the cell
7. the pituitary gland is at the base of the brain; it controls the activity of other endocrine glands
8. ADH and oxytocin
9. insulin is produced in the beta cells and glucagon is produced in the alpha cells (of in the islets of
Langerhans)
10. blood sugar levels increase; the pancreas releases insulin; insulin makes the body cells more permeable
to glucose and it makes the liver convert glucose to glycogen (thus decreasing blood sugar levels)
11. the pancreas releases glucagon, which acts on the liver to break down glycogen into glucose (thus
increasing blood sugar levels)
12. the glucocorticoids
13. sometimes called "adult-onset" diabetes, it is associated with decreased insulin production or
ineffective use of insulin by the body cells; it can be controlled with diet, exercise, and some
drugs (sulfonamides)
14. parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels; calcitonin (from the thyroid gland) decreases
calcium levels
15. iodine is required to synthesize the hormone thyroxine (T4); if not enough T4 is produced, when the
thyroid gland continues to be stimulated by TSH (from the pituitary), and it swells, causing a goiter
16. FSH - stimulates the production of sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules
LH - stimulates the release of testosterone by the interstitial cells in the testes (which stimulates
secondary sexual characteristics)
17. estrogen feeds back on the anterior pituitary to reduce the amount of FSH produced
progesterone feeds back on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to reduce the amount of GnRH, FSH,
and LH produced
18. High enough levels of estrogen feed back to the anterior pituitary to cause the release of LH (causing
ovulation)
19. eventually there would be no sperm or testosterone, but there should still be FSH and LH
20. none of them would be found
21. the corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone, which feeds back to the anterior pituitary and the
hypothalamus to prevent the release of FSH, LH and GnRH (which stop any new eggs from developing)