Download Name: Date: Animal Nutrition Study Guide – Chapter 41 Be able to

Name: ______________________________________
Date: ______________________
Animal Nutrition Study Guide – Chapter 41
Be able to…
 Identify the key organs of the digestive system
 Explain the key enzymes in digestion, they’re function, where they’re produced, and where they act
 Differentiate the digestive systems of different types of animals
 Explain the role of the hormones insulin, glucagon, and leptin in blood glucose and appetite regulation
Directions: Use your textbook to label the diagrams about the various digestive systems. Use the analysis
questions below as a guide to help you understand and study key information.
Analysis Questions
1. What are the three reasons animals require food?
2. Why must macromolecules be digested into monomers?
3. What are essential nutrients and what are the four classes of essential nutrients?
4. What is the difference between undernourishment and malnourishment? Do you think people in the
United States are more likely to be undernourished or malnourished? Explain.
5. What are the four stages of food processing, and in which stage are enzymes involved?
6. What is the difference between intracellular digestion and extracellular digestion? Do humans do
intracellular digestion, extracellular digestion, or both?
7. What is the difference between a gastrovascular cavity and a complete digestive tract or alimentary
canal? What are the adaptations of an alimentary canal, and how are they advantageous to digestion?
8. Make a table summarizing key digestive hormones and enzymes, what they digest/regulate, and where
they are found. (Be sure to include glucagon, insulin, leptin, pepsin, pepsinogen, hydrochloric acid,
amylases, nucleases, bile, and lipases)
9. Using your favorite food (that contains all 4 macromolecules) as an example, explain how (with which
enzymes) and where the different macromolecules are digested in humans.
10. Compare and contrast the alimentary canals of at least 2 organisms (earthworm, grasshopper, bird,
using a table or Venn Diagram and explain the adaptations that aid digestion.
11. Why do herbivores and omnivores have longer alimentary canals than carnivores?
12. What adaptations allow herbivores like cows to digest more effectively?
13. Explain how lack of or resistance to insulin can lead to diabetes and lack of or resistance to leptin can
lead to obesity.
14. Define the following terms and explain how they relate to digestion: villi, peristalsis, enzymatic
hydrolysis, bolus, chyme, bile, gastrin, and ruminants.
15. When we start coughing because food or drink “went down the wrong pipe,” the material has entered
the ______________ instead of the ______________.
16. Explain why treatment of chronic infection with antibiotics for an extended period of time can cause
vitamin K deficiency.
17. Our oral cavity, with its dentition, is most functionally analogous to an earthworm’s
a) Intestine
d) Stomach
b) Pharynx
e) Anus
c) Gizzard
18. Which of the following enzymes has the lowest optimum pH?
a) Salivary amylase
d) Pancreatic amylase
b) Trypsin
e) Pancreatic lipase
c) Pepsin
Organs of the Human Digestive System
19. Complete the figure to the right
to show how hormones control
blood glucose levels. Then, write
a small paragraph below
explaining how blood glucose is
regulated.
Other Digestive Systems