Download Mock Exam IV

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Mock Exam IV
1. A branch point on a phylogenetic tree represents
a. the divergence of three evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor
b. the divergence of two evolutionary lineages from a common ancestor
c. adaptations leading to new species
d. None of the above
e. B and C
2. (True/False) The only way for two organisms to look similar and share the same characteristics is for
them to be closely related.
3. (True/False) In a phylogenetic tree, the most recent product of speciation is on the left.
4. The structures that are similar in the early stages of development of different animal species such as all
vertebrate embryos having a tail and pharyngeal throat poaches are examples of
a. homologous structures
b. vestigial structures
c. descent with modification
d. convergent evolution
e. A and C
5. Which concept describes the unity and the diversity of life, stating that all organisms have a common
ancestor and have accumulated diverse characteristics from living in various habitats?
a. Descent with modification
b. Convergent evolution
c. Natural selection
d. Artificial selection
e. none of the above
6. A certain species of opossums living in the forest start having a mutation in some of their individuals
that is composed of one dominant alle and one recessive allele that enables them to sleep and hang in lowlying brush, instead of just tall trees, (homozygous dominant trait) or just the ground (homozygous
recessive trait). The trees in forest they live in are starting to be wiped out for many generations and the
ground is too dangerous. What do you suggest may happen?
a. frequency-dependent selection
b. heterozygote advantage
c. stabilizing selection
d. disruptive selection
e. B and C
7. Which of these mutations would be maintainted in the population?
a. A mutation in a somatic cell leads to better camoflauge for a trout
b. A mutation in a gametic cell of a squirrel leads to triploidy and more fur to withstand its harsh
artic environment in its future offspring.
c. A mutation in a gametic cell of a snake allows its offspring to unhinge their jaw more enabling
them to eat the local ostrich eggs.
d. A mutation leads to a lower metabolism within a cheetah population.
e. B and C
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8. Which of these doesn’t increase the genetic variation between different populations of the same species
of rat?
a. One environment being more cold and having a higher altitude
b. One population had more gene flow with a third population of the rats than the other did.
c. Mutations
d. Increasing gene flow between the populations of rats
e. None of the above
9. If there is a gradation of owl colors within a certain species from the top of the mountain to the bottom,
this is NOT an example of:
a. multiple genes influencing a single phenotype
b. a cline
c. Quantitative characters
d. Discrete characters
e. B and D
10. (True/False) Sexual reproduction is capable of creating a greater amount of offspring than asexual
reproduction.
11. Which of these conditions does NOT have to hold true in order for natural selection to occur?
a. The environment doesn’t allow for all of the offspring an organism is capable of having
survive.
b. There is a great deal of genetic variation within a group of species.
c. Mutations arise, and some mutations lead to beneficial traits.
d. Groups of populations have to be isolated from other populations.
12. If two organisms belonged in the same group, belonging in which of the same following groups would
allow them to be the most closely related?
a. Order
b. Phylum
c. Family
d. Kingdom
e. A and C
13. New alleles originate from _____.
a. natural selection
b. genetic drift
c. sexual recombination
d. the environment
e. mutation
14. (True/False) Individual organisms evolve.
15. Which of these statements concerning endosymbiosis is not true?
a. All plastids evolved from a gram-negative cyanobacterium.
b. Secondary endosymbiosis involves red and green algae.
c. The first eukaryotes obtained mitochondria by engulfing an aerobic prokaryote.
d. The four membranes of chlorarachniophytes after undergoing secondary endosymbiosis after
an eukaryote engulfed a green algae correspond to the outer and inner membranes of a cyanobacterium
and the outer and inner membranes of the green algae.
e. C and D
16. For which of the following is the biological species concept least appropriate?
a. plants
b. animals
c. prokaryotes
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d. fossils
e. both c and d
17. A type of butterfly feeds on the American tulip; however, some populations start feeding on the
European tulip after a park plants multiple ones, along with more American tulips. The European tulips
bloom at night, and the American tulips bloom during the day, so the populations of butterfly start to
become active at different times of the day. What could this situation lead to?
a. Allopatric speciation
b. Sympatric speciation
c. Behavioral Isolation
d. Temporal Isolation
e. B and D
18. If an individual organism gains another set of chromosomes what might hold true?
a. This happened during meiosis
b. It is now reproductively isolated from all other species.
c. It is a type of sympatric speciation
d. All of the above
e. A and C
19. What happenings improve the chances of allopatric speciation within a population?
a. The species being a large, motile organism
b. A large river
c. a small population that has lots of gene flow
d. None of the above
e. All of the above
20. What type of reproductive barrier would it be if two different species of birds can mate, but can never
produce offspring after mating?
a. Habitat Isolation
b. Temporal Isolation
c. Gametic Isolation
d. Mechanical Isolation
e. B and C
21. What type of reproductive barrier would it be if a lion and a tiger mate to produce a Liger, but the
Liger is almost not able to survive outside of the zoo, but can reproduce?
a. Reduced Hybrid Fertility
b. Hybrid Breakdown
c. Reduced Hybrid Viability
d. Mechanical Isolation
e. None of the above
22. (True/False) If two organisms are able to mate when brought together to produce viable, fertile
offspring, they are the same species.
23. Which of these concepts used to identify species may be the most inaccurate?
a. morphological species concept
b. biological species concept
c. phylogenetics species concept
d. paleontogical species concept
e. a and d
24. What are two structures in a cell that can be targeted by antibiotics?
a. cell wall
b.nucleoid
c. ribosomes
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d.all of the above
e.a and c
25. Which group is cyanobacteria found within?
a. Photoautotroph
b. Chemoautotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Chemoheterotroph
e. None of the above
26. Archaea
a. are thought to be more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria.
b. have cell walls that lack peptidoglycan.
c. are often found in harsh habitats, reminiscent of the environment of early Earth
d. include the methanogens, extreme halophiles, and extreme thermophiles, as well as groups
found in more moderate habitats
e. are all of the above
27. Chemoautotrophs
a. are photosynthetic
b. use organic molecules for an energy and carbon source
c. oxidize inorganic substances for energy and use CO2 as a carbon source
d. use light to generate ATP but need organic molecules for a carbon source
e. use light energy to extract electrons from H2S.
28. Many prokaryotes secrete a sticky capsule outside the cell wall that
a. allows them to glide along a slime thread
b. serves as protection from host defenses and glue for adherence
c. reacts with the Gram stain
d. is used for attaching cells during conjugation
e. is composed of peptidoglycan, polymers of modified sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides
29. Endospores
a. have a high metabolic state produced in response to a lack of nutrients
b. can be produced in response to harsh environmental conditions
c. die when exposed to boiling temperatures
d. cannot convert back to a normal cell
e. a and b
30. Fimbriae
a. can be used for attachment
b. can be used for conjugation
c. have a role in pathogenesis
d. all of the above
e. a and b
31. Which of these statements is false?
a. Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.
b. Gram positive bacteria have more peptidoglycan in their cell walls than Gram negative.
c. Gram positive bacteria are more complex with a lipopolysaccharide outer coating
d. a and c
e. none of the above
32. Which domain has a circular chromosome, no membrane-enclosed organelles, no nuclear envelope,
and at least one kind of RNA polymerase?
a. Eukarya
b. Bacteria
c. Archaea
d. None of the above
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e. b and c
33. Which of these characteristics can describe the domain Archaea?
a. Has histones associated with its DNA located in its nucleus
b. Has RNA splicing machinery
c. Contains peptidoglycan in its cell wall
d. uses methionine as the initiator amino acid
e. B and D
34. If the plasma membrane and its associated infoldings were punctured within a photosynthetic
prokaryotic cell, which of these reactions /functions would NOT be disrupted?
a. the light reactions
b. motility
c. protection from drying out and pathogens
d. DNA replication
e. None of the above
35. Which group would an organism be placed within if it obtains its carbon from taking in the respiratory
excretion products of animals, obtains its energy from oxidizing H2S, and is a prokaryote?
a. Photoautotroph
b. Chemoautotroph
c. Photoheterotroph
d. Chemoheterotroph
e. None of the above