Download Sem 2 Course Review

Physics Honors Semester 2 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
Unit 9: Waves and Sound
Essential questions:
 What is simple harmonic motion?
 What factors affect simple harmonic motion of a pendulum and a mass-spring system?
 What is a mechanical wave?
 What distinguishes one mechanical wave from another?
 How do the different characteristics used to measure waves relate to each other?
 Why does the speed of a wave change passing from one medium to another?
 What determines whether an incident wave pulse striking a boundary reflects inverted or not?
 How can the principle of superposition be used to describe wave interference in a variety of situations?
 What are characteristics of a sound wave?
 Why does the speed of a sound wave change as it travels through different media or changes in the properties of the same
media?
 What is the Doppler Effect and how does it occur?
Key vocabulary:
Simple harmonic motion
Spring constant
Restoring force
Period
Practice:
1.
Frequency
Mechanical wave
Transverse wave
Longitudinal wave
constructive interference
destructive interference
Doppler effect
List 4 examples of systems which exhibit simple harmonic motion.
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.
A spring is stretched to a displacement of 30 cm where it experiences a restoring force F. If the spring is then stretched
to a displacement of 60 cm, what is the restoring force, in terms of F, exerted by the spring?
3.
If a 43 N force stretches a spring 0.35 m, what is the spring constant (k)?
4.
A 2 kg mass is attached to a vertically hanging spring and then released. The system stops oscillating, and eventually
comes to rest with the mass hanging 12 cm from its equilibrium position. Calculate the spring constant (k).
5.
a) Write the equation for the period of a mass-spring system.
b) What two variables affect the period of a mass-spring system?
6.
__________ and ___________
a) Write the equation for the period of a pendulum undergoing simple harmonic motion.
b) What two variables affect the period of a pendulum? __________ and ___________
7.
Frequency and period have a(n) ____________________ relationship for simple harmonic motion.
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
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8.
If a pendulum is adjusted so that its frequency changes from 25 Hz to 75 Hz, its period will
change from t seconds to ________.
9.
Identify the type of wave and all of the labeled parts below:
The wave type is ___________.
A: __________
B: __________
C: __________
D: __________
10.
Describe the motion of the particles in a transverse wave.
11.
Describe the motion of the particles in a longitudinal wave.
12.
Describe the motion of the particles in a surface wave.
13.
A periodic wave has a wavelength of 0.85 m and a speed of 64 m/s.
a) What is its frequency?
b) What is its period?
14.
a) Label the nodes and antinodes shown in the standing wave below using the letter “N” for node and “A” for antinode.
b) There are __ nodes and __ antinodes in the standing wave below.
15.
Draw two waves that will meet and constructively interfere. Include wave direction arrows!
16.
Draw two waves that will meet and destructively interfere. Include wave direction arrows!
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
17.
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
Draw the reflected pulse for the following two scenarios:
a) Draw the appropriate Reflected Pulse on the
diagram above for Fixed End Reflection.
b) Draw the appropriate Reflected Pulse on the diagram
above for Free End Reflection.
18.
Sound waves are _______________________________ waves.
19.
Draw a picture of a sound wave.
20.
a) Calculate the wavelength a 392-Hz sound wave in air (v=343 m/s).
b) Calculate the wavelength of the speed of sound in copper (v=3560 m/s) of a 392-Hz wave.
21.
You are standing on a sidewalk. An ambulance with its siren on approaches then passes by you. How does the sound
change as the ambulance approaches then moves away from you?
Unit 10: Light
Essential questions:
 Does an object have to produce its own light in order to be seen?
 How is comparing properties of light waves to mechanical waves helpful in learning about light?
 Why do some light waves pass through a polarized filter and some do not?
 How can polarization be used to improve environmental conditions?
 What is the speed of light in a vacuum, and why does this speed get a special equation symbol c, instead of using v, for
velocity?
 What are some similarities and differences between mechanical and light waves?
 How can we apply the mathematical equations used for mechanical waves to electromagnetic waves?
 Why is it important to make observations and record data to help understand and explain the universe around us?
 How does the roughness of a surface affect the light reflecting off the surface into a person’s eyes?
 How can the ray model of light be used to explain the law of reflection?
 How are image formation, position, height, magnification, and orientation determined for plane mirrors?
 How are image formation, position, height, magnification, and orientation determined for spherical mirrors?
 How does refraction of light affect what we see?
 How is construction of a lens related to how the lens refracts light?
 How are image formation, position, height, magnification, and orientation determined for thin lenses?
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
Key vocabulary:
Luminous sources
Illuminated source
Polarization
Practice:
1.
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
Diffuse reflection
Specular reflection
Reflection
Refraction
Index of refraction
List 2 examples each of a luminous source and an illuminate source.
2.
A concave mirror forms a real image 28 cm away from the mirrored surface. If the object is 13 cm away, what is the
focal length of the mirror?
3.
Carson Busses is driving down the road on a sunny day. Reflection of light off the road surface results in a large amount
of polarization and a subsequent glare. Annoyed by the glare, Carson pulls out his Polaroid sunglasses. How must the
axes of polarization be oriented in order to block the glare? (Note: the lines on the filters below represent the axis of
polarization.)
Use the picket-fence analogy to assist you with your answer!
4.
An object placed 16 cm from a thin converging lens along the axis of the lens produces a real image behind the lens at 7
cm from the lens. What is the focal length?
5.
Think of a material that reflects almost all the light that shines on it, but in which you cannot see your reflection. Is this
diffuse or specular reflection? ________________
6.
Describe the images produced by a flat (plane) mirror using the following choices:
a. Real or Virtual? ________________
b. Enlarged or Reduced? _______________
c. Upright or Inverted? __________________
d. Its location along the principal axis. _______________
7.
A light ray strikes a flat (plane) mirror at 42 degrees. What is the angle of reflection?
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
8.
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
In the spaces provided below, describe the image that will be formed when an object is placed in the locations listed.
The description should include whether the image is:
a. Real or Virtual
b. Enlarged or Reduced
c. Upright or Inverted
d. Its location along the principal axis.
Convex Lens
Object Location
Image Description
Concave Mirror
Object Location
Image Description
beyond 2F
a.
b.
c.
d.
beyond C
a.
b.
c.
d.
@ 2F
a.
b.
c.
d.
@C
a.
b.
c.
d.
between F and 2F
a.
b.
c.
d.
between F and C
a.
b.
c.
d.
@F
a.
b.
c.
d.
@F
a.
b.
c.
d.
in front of F
a.
b.
c.
d.
in front of F
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
An object is placed 22 cm from a diverging lens. If a virtual image appears 6 cm from the lens on the same side as the
object, what is the focal length of the lens?
10.
If a virtual image is formed 13 cm along the principal axis from a convex mirror with a focal length of -25 cm, what is
the object’s distance from the mirror?
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
11.
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
A light ray goes from water (n = 1.33) to crown glass (n = 1.52) at an angle of 37 degrees.
a) Draw and label a picture including the boundary, normal, incident ray, and refracted ray.
b) Describe, using WORDS, what is occurring in the picture you drew in part a) above.
c) Use Snell’s Law to calculate the angle of refraction.
12.
Describe the conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur.
13.
Define index of refraction (as a ratio) in equation form.
Unit 11: Electricity
Essential questions:
 What are current, potential difference, resistance, and power?
 What do the circuit schematics look like?
 How do you calculate the equivalent resistance and total current in a series circuit?
o How do you calculate the current in each resistor in a series circuit?
o

How do you calculate the potential difference across each resistor in a series circuit?

How do you calculate the equivalent resistance and total current in a parallel circuit?
o How do you calculate the current in and potential difference across each resistor in a parallel circuit?
 How do you calculate the equivalent resistance, total current, current in each resistor, and potential difference across each
resistor in a complex circuit?
 How do you calculate the power dissipated by a given electrical device?
Key vocabulary:
Electric field
Resistance
Insulator
Current
Conductor

Practice:
1. In the figure shown at right, calculate the…
a. Equivalent resistance
b.
Total current
c.
Current through each resistor
d.
Voltage through each resistor
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
2.
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
Four resistors with values of 1.0 Ω, 2.0Ω, 3Ω, and 4Ω are connected
…in series. What is the equivalent resistance of this combination?
… in parallel. What is their equivalent resistance?
3.
In general, as you connect more resistors
…in series what happens to the equivalent resistance of the comibination?
…in parallel what happens to the equivalent resistance of the comibination?
4.
Unlike charges
; like charges
.
5.
An electric hair dryer requires 1500 W at 110 V. What is the resistance of the heating coil in the hair dryer?
6.
A small handheld flashlight has 2 – 1.5 V (AA size) batteries. This gives a potential difference of 3 V across it. The bulb has
a resistance of 5.0Ω. How much current is in the bulb filament?
7.
An electric field of 4000 N/C is produced by a charge of 7 x 10 -9 C. How far away is the charge?
8.
What is the relationship between current, charge and time?
If you hold charge constant and increase the time, what happens to the current?
If you hold charge constant and decrease the time, what happens to the current?
9.
When a positive charge moves in the direction of the electric field, what happens to the electrical potential energy associated
with the charge?
When a positive charge moves in the direction away from the electric field, what happens to the electrical potential energy
associated with the charge?
When a negative charge moves in the direction of the electric field, what happens to the electrical potential energy associated
with the charge?
When a negative charge moves in the direction away from the electric field, what happens to the electrical potential energy
associated with the charge?
10. Two point charges, initially 5 cm apart, experience a force, F. What is the electric force between the charges when they are
moved to each of the distances below?
a. …10 cm?
b.
…15 cm?
c.
…2.5 cm?
11. Two point charges having charge values of 5.0μC and -7.0 μC, respectively, are separated by 2.0 cm. What is the electrostatic
force between them?
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
12. How is the power affected by…
a. …doubling the current in a resistor?
b.
…tripling the current in a resistor?
c.
…decreasing the current in a resistor to half its original value?
Unit 12: Magnetism
Essential questions:
 What are the names of the poles of a magnet? Which magnetic poles attract? Which magnetic poles repel?
 What does the magnetic field look like:
o Around a bar magnet?
o Between two like poles?
o Between two unlike poles?
o Around a long, straight, current-carrying wire?
o Around a loop of current-carrying wire?
o Around the Earth?
 What is a magnetic domain made of?
 What is the direction of the force on a wire carrying a current in a magnetic field?
o What is the size of that force?
 What is the direction of the force on a charged particle moving in a magnetic field?
o What is the size of that force?
 How can a current be produced in a loop of wire and what is the direction of an induced current?
 How do transformers change voltages? How are voltage and current related in transformers?
 What happens to current in a step-up transformer? What happens to current in a step-down transformer? What are properties
of an electromagnetic wave?
 What is the mathematical relationship between the frequency and wavelength of an electromagnetic wave?
 What are the seven regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of decreasing wavelength?
 How is an electromagnetic wave produced?
Key vocabulary:
Magnetic domain
Electromagnetic induction
Magnetic field
Practice:
1. Explain Lenz’s Law. Draw a picture or describe an example.
2.
What is the instantaneous direction of the force on a proton that enters the magnetic field shown at right? The proton enters
from the left and moves toward the right.
What is the instantaneous direction of the force on an electron that enters the magnetic
field shown at right? The electron enters from the left and moves toward the right.
What is the instantaneous direction of the force on a proton that enters the magnetic field
shown at right? The proton enters from the top and moves toward the bottom.
What is the instantaneous direction of the force on an electron that enters the magnetic
field shown at right? The electron enters from the top and moves toward the bottom.
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
3.
Describe all the methods of inducing an emf in a loop of wire.
4.
Describe the transmission/propagation of electromagnetic waves.
5.
An electron moves north at a velocity of 5 x 10 5m/s and experiences a magnetic force of 6 x 10-12N west. If the magnetic
field points upward, what is the magnitude of the magnetic field?
6.
If a wire carries a current of 6A and a magnetic field of 0.004T produces a 5 x 10 -3N force on it, how long is the wire?
7. A coil with 300 turns of wire has an area of 0.4m2. In 0.4 s it turns through 90°. If the average induced emf is 50V, what is
the strength of the magnetic field?
Unit 13: Modern
Essential questions:
 What phenomena’s could not be explained by the wave model of light and how do they demonstrate the particle-like nature
of light?
 What evidence is there for the wave-like nature of matter?
 How did the early models of the atom lead to the Quantum Model?
 What led to the current nuclear model and explain how energy produced in nuclear reaction?
 What are the three families of elementary particles and how are the electron, proton, and neutron classified?
 What are the four fundamental interactions/forces in nature?
 Research the problems and limitations of the Standard Model of Matter.
Key vocabulary:
de Broglie waves
Photoelectric effect
Quantum Model
Fusion
Fission
Practice:
1. The de Broglie wavelength of an object has what sort of relationship with speed?
2.
According to Einstein, what it the relationship between a particle’s mass and the energy that it could potentially release?
3.
Photoelectric electric effect is most easily observable for light under what conditions?
4.
The Quantum Model of light is useful for what sort of predictions?
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Physical Science Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
5.
Describe each of the four fundamental forces of nature.
6.
Describe each of the following types of nuclear decay:
a. Alpha decay
7.
b.
Beta decay
c.
Gamma decay
Compare and contrast fission and fusion.
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