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Physical Science – Final Exam Study Guide Motion Distance vs. displacement Calculate speed (need to know formula) Define velocity (has direction!) Know formula for acceleration Calculate acceleration problems If you are on a merry go round at a constant speed, are you accelerating? Why or why not? Forces Define force Define inertia Know Newton’s 3 laws Calculate problems with F = ma Define terminal velocity Define gravity Close to earth’s surface, what is the acceleration of a falling object in free fall? Work weight problems Work momentum problems Energy Kinetic vs. potential energy Work kinetic vs. potential energy problems Types of potential energy Work gravitational potential energy problems Law of conservation of energy / energy transformations (examples) Mechanical energy (you should know ME = PE + KE) Pendulum lab Work Define work Calculate work problems (know units for force & work) Define power Work power problems Electricity Static electricity (types) What charges attract / repel Conductors vs. insulators Is lightening an example of static electricity? Is it friction, conduction, or induction? Define electric current Define voltage difference – what is it measured in? Define current Define resistance Factors that affect amount of resistance? Ohm’s Law (know units for each) & be able to work problems Series vs. parallel circuits Purpose / functioning of fuses & circuit breakers Direct vs. alternating currents Magnetism Define magnetic field Define magnetic poles Recognize magnetic field lines & how they are distributed Magnetic field direction Moving charges & magnetic fields – how are they related? Waves Define a wave Mediums – sound, ocean waves, vs. light Transverse waves vs. compression waves Are sound waves compression, transverse, or both? Are seismic waves compression, transverse, or both? Know all parts of a wave (crest, trough, wavelength, frequency, period, amplitude) What is a rarefaction / compression? Does wavelength of a wave increase or decrease as the frequency increases? Wave speed (sound through liquids, solids, gases & light?) Calculate wave speed Formulas provided: Weight (N) = mg P=mv KE = ½ mv2 GPE = mgh Work = Fd Power = w/t I = V/R
