Download Unit 1 Topic 2: Genes and Health

Unit 1 Topic 2: Genes and Health Revision questions
Define:
1. What is meant by osmosis in terms of the movement of free water
molecules through a partially permeable membrane
2. The terms gene, allele, genotype, phenotype, recessive, dominant,
homozygous, and heterozygous
3. The term mutation
Identify:
1. The differences between fibrous and globular proteins
2. The difference between somatic and germ line therapy.
Describe:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The process of facilitated diffusion
The process of active transport
The process of endocytosis
The process of exocytosis
The properties of gas exchange surfaces in living organisms (large
surface area to volume ratio, thickness of surface, difference in
concentration)
6. The basic structure of an amino acid
7. How a polypeptides is formed (as amino acid monomers linked by
peptide bonds in condensation reactions)
8. The basic structure of mononucleotides (as a deoxyribose or ribose
linked to a phosphate and a base, ie thymine, uracil, cytosine,
adenine or guanine) and the structures of DNA and RNA (as
polynucleotides composed of mononucleotides linked through
condensation reactions)
9. How complimentary base pairing and the hydrogen bonding
between two complimentary strands are involved in the formation
of the DNA double helix.
10.The process of DNA replication (including the role of DNA
polymerase)
11.Describe, and explain how Meselson and Stahl’s classic
experiment provided new data that supported the accepted theory
of replication of DNA and refuted competing theories.
12.The process of transcription including the role of messenger RNA,
and the template (antisense) DNA strand
13.The process of translation, including the role of transfer RNA
14.the principles of gene therapy
Explain:
1. How the structure of the mammalian lung is adapted for rapid
gaseous exchange.
2. How a proteins secondary structure is maintained
3. How a proteins tertiary structure is maintained
4. The mechanism of action and specificity of enzymes in terms of
their three-dimensional structure and explain that enzymes are
biological catalysts that reduce activation energy, catalysing a
wide range of intracellular and extracellular reactions.
5. How cystic fibrosis results from one of a number of possible
mutations.
6. How monohybrid inheritance occurs, including the interpretation
of genetic pedigree diagrams, in the context of traits such as cystic
fibrosis, albinism, thalassaemia, garden pea height and seed
morphology.
7. How the expression of a gene mutation in people with cystic
fibrosis impairs the functioning of the gaseous exchange, digestive
and reproductive systems.
8. Explain the uses of genetic screening: identification of carriers,
preimplantation genetic diagnosis and prenatal testing
(amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling)
Discuss:
1. The implications of prenatal genetic screening.
2. Discuss the social and ethical issues related to genetic screening
from a range of ethical viewpoints.