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Name: ______________________________ Period: _____ Date: _________________________ Ch 23 & 24 Self Assessment: Bacteria & Viruses 1. Bacteria are… (circle the right ones then define each word) o unicellular or multicellular o heterotrophic or autotrophic o prokaryotic or eukaryotic Here are some unique structures bacteria posses. Explain what they look like and what they do (structure and function). 2. pilus 3. capsule 4. flagella 5. plasmid 6. – 7. Bacteria can be classified by shapes/groups. Explain how. 8. - 9. Bacteria can also be classified by Gram stain. Explain how. 10. – 11. Name/explain two positive and two negative things bacteria do for us. Please be specific. 12. – 13. Why are viruses not considered to be alive? Give several reasons. 14. Describe the basic structure of a virus. 15. – 16. Briefly describe what happens in the lytic and lysogenic cycles. 17. – 18. Name/describe at least 2 ways to control viral diseases. Name: ______________________________ Period: _____ Date: _________________________ Ch 23 & 24 Self Assessment: Bacteria & Viruses 1. Bacteria are…(circle the right ones then define each word) o o o unicellular…one cell heterotrophic…“eat” food prokaryotic…no nucleus Here are some unique structures bacteria posses. Explain what they look like and what they do (structure and function). used for attaching to other bacteria and transferring DNA (reproduction) 2. pilus outer protective layer on some bacteria, helps stick together 3. capsule 4. flagella whip-like tail for movement smaller “extra” loop of DNA, exchanged during conjugation, often contains antibiotic resistance (R-plasmid) 5. plasmid 6. – 7. Bacteria can be classified by shapes/groups. Explain how. coccus (round) spirilla (spiral) bacillus (rod) strepto (chains) staphylo (clusters) 8. - 9. Bacteria can also be classified by Gram stain. Explain how. Stains cell wall + simple cell wall…stains purple - complex cell wall…stains pink 10. – 11. Name/explain two positive and two negative things bacteria do for us. Please be specific. Food…pickles, sour cream, buttermilk, Cheese, sauerkraut, coffee, chocolate, soy sauce, Pesticides (Bt) Medicines (antibiotics) Waste (sewage treatment, garbage, Digestion, dead things) Part of nitrogen cycle Diseases: strep throat, salmonella, typhus, whooping cough, tuberculosis, staph infections, E. coli 12. – 13. Why are viruses not considered to be alive? Give several reasons. can’t can’t can’t can’t reproduce (on own) metabolize (make/use energy) grow perform homeostasis 14. Describe the basic structure of a virus. Protein coat surrounding a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) 15. – 16. Briefly describe what happens in the lytic and lysogenic cycles. Lytic: nucleic acids enter cell, cell makes new phages, which burst out and kill the cell (virulent), fast Lysenogenic: viral nucleic acids become part of host genome (genes), enters lytic cycle later (temperate), slow 17. – 18. Name/describe at least 2 ways to control viral diseases. Vaccine: inactive virus or part of virus, causes immune response (slow) so next time get faster response Control vector: way it spreads, kill animal (e.g. ticks, Lyme disease) Antiviral drugs (note: antibiotics will not work against viruses, only bacterial infections)