Download Earth Science Mid Term 2007 Part 1

Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
Name _________________________________________
1. _________
Which property is most useful in mineral identification?
A.
B.
C.
D.
hardness
color
size
texture
2. _________
The recrystallization of unmelted material under high temperature and pressure results in
A.
B.
C.
D.
metamorphic rock
sedimentary rock
igneous rock
volcanic rock
3. _________
A fine-grained igneous rock contains 11% plagioclase, 72% pyroxene, 15% olivine, and 2%
amphibole. This rock would be classified as
A.
B.
C.
D.
granite
rhyolite
gabbro
basalt
4. _________
Which relative concentrations of elements are found in felsic rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
a high concentration of aluminum and a low concentration of iron
a high concentration of iron and a low concentration of aluminum
a high concentration of magnesium and a low concentration of iron
a high concentration of magnesium and a low concentrate of aluminum
5. _________
Which rock was most likely formed from pebble-sized sediment deposited in shallow water at
an ocean shoreline?
A.
B.
C.
D.
shale
basalt
siltstone
conglomerate
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
6. _________
The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheets mainly because of its
A.
B.
C.
D.
atomic arrangement
chemical composition
hardness
density
7. _________
The best evidence for determining the cooling rate of an igneous rock during its solidification is
provided by
A.
B.
C.
D.
index fossils
faults in the rock
the crystal size of its minerals
the disintegration of radioactive substances
8. _________
Which minerals are found in the igneous rocks gabbro and basalt?
A.
B.
C.
D.
olivine and quartz
olivine and pyroxene
pyroxine and orthoclase
orthoclase and quartz
9. _________
Which sedimentary rock is composed of fragmented skeletons and shells of sea organisms
compacted and cemented together?
A.
B.
C.
D.
shale
limestone
sandstone
gypsum
10. _________
The relative hardness of a mineral can best be tested by
A.
B.
C.
D.
scratching the mineral across a glass plate
squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliers
determining the density of the mineral
breaking the mineral with a hammer
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
11. _________
Which is an accurate statement about rocks?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth.
Rocks seldom undergo change.
Most rocks contain fossils.
Most rocks have several minerals in common.
12. _________
The size of the mineral crystals found in an igneous rock is directly related to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
density of the minerals
color of the minerals
cooling time of the molten rock
amount of sediments cemented together
13. _________
Diagram 1
The diagram 1 represents five rock samples. Which sample is composed of sediments 0.006
centimeter to 0.2 centimeter in size that were compacted and cemented together?
A.
B.
C.
D.
conglomerate
sandstone
gneiss
granite
14. _________
The diagram 1 represents five rock samples. If granite were subjected to intense heat and
pressure, it would most likely change to
A.
B.
C.
D.
conglomerate
sandstone
gneiss
basalt
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
15. _________
Diagram 2
The diagram 2 represents five rock samples. The basalt was most likely formed by
A.
B.
C.
D.
heat and pressure
melting and solidification
compaction and cementation
erosion and deposition
16. _________
The diagram 2 represents five rock samples. Which sample would most likely contain fossils?
A.
B.
C.
D.
gneiss
granite
sandstone
basalt
17. _________
The diagram 2 represents five rock samples. Which sample is igneous and has a coarse texture?
A.
B.
C.
D.
sandstone
conglomerate
basalt
granite
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
18. _________
The diagram shows a cross section of bedrock where the Niagara River flows over Niagara
Falls. Which rock unit was most likely formed from chemical precipitates?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Lockport dolostone
Whirlpool sandstone
Rochester shale
Thorold sandstone
19. _________
Which rock most likely formed as a result of biologic processes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
granite
basalt
sandstone
limestone
20. _________
Certain minerals usually break along flat surfaces, while other minerals break unevenly. This
characteristic is due to the
A.
B.
C.
D.
luster of the mineral
age of the mineral
internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms
force with which the mineral is broken
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
21. _________
Some nonsedimentary rocks are formed as a result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
solidification of molten material
evaporation and precipitation
cementation of particles
deposition of particles
22. _________
Which is a coarse-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar,
and olivine?
A.
B.
C.
D.
granite
gabbro
rhyolite
basalt
23. _________
Hawaii is located near the middle of which tectonic plate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Philippine plate
Nazca plate
North American plate
Pacific plate
24. _________
According to the reference map of Tectonic Plates, the border between the South Amercian
plate and the African plate is best described as
A.
B.
C.
D.
converging and located at an oceanic ridge
converging and located at an oceanic trench
diverging and located at an oceanic ridge
diverging and located at an oceanic trench
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
25. _________
The diagrams show geologic cross sections of the upper mantle and crust at four different Earth
locations, A, B, C, and D. Movement of the crustal sections (plates) is indicated by arrows, and
the locations of frequent earthquakes are indicated by an asterisk. Diagrams are not drawn to
scale. Which location best represents the boundary between the African plate and the South
American plate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
26. _________
Which diagram represents plate movement associated with transform faults such as those
causing California earthquakes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
27. _________
The diagram below shows some features of Earth's crust and upper mantle.
Which model most accurately shows the movements (arrows) associated with the surface
features shown in the diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
28. _________
The map shows the continents of Africa and South America, the ocean between them, and the
ocean ridge and transform faults. Locations A and D are on the continents. Locations B and C
are on the ocean floor.
Which table best shows the relative densities of the crustal bedrock at locations A, B, C, and D?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
29. _________
Which graph best shows the relative age of the ocean-floor bedrock from location B to location
C?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
30. _________
Which cross section below best represents the crustal plate motion that is the primary cause of
the volcanoes and deep rift valleys found at mid-ocean ridges?
A.
B.
C.
D.
1
2
3
4
31. _________
According to plate tectonic theory, during which geologic time interval did the continents of
North America and Africa separate, resulting in the initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean? Page
8-9 of ESRT
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mesozoic Era
Paleozoic Era
Proterozoic Eon
Archean Eon
32. _________
Which diagram correctly shows how mantle
currents are most likely moving beneath colliding
plates?
convection
lithospheric
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Earth Science
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mid Term Part 1
1
2
3
4
33. _________
The diagram below shows a tectonic plate boundary.
Which mantle hot spot is at a plate boundary like the one shown in this diagram?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Hawaii Hot Spot
Yellowstone Hot Spot
Galapagos Hot Spot
Canary Hot Spot
34. _________
Which mountain range resulted from the collision of North America and Africa, as parts of
Pangea joined together in the late Pennsylvanian Period?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Appalachian Mountains
Acadian Mountains
Taconic Mountains
Grenville Mountains
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
35. _________
The diagram below shows the interaction of two tectonic plates.
The type of plate boundary represented in the diagram most likely exists between the
A.
B.
C.
D.
Antarctic Plate and the African Plate
Antarctic Plate and the Indian-Australian Plate
South American Plate and the Nazca Plate
South American Plate and the African Plate
36. _________
Earthquakes generate compressional waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves). Compared
to the speed of shear waves in a given earth material, the speed of compressional waves is
A.
B.
C.
D.
always slower
always faster
always the same
sometimes faster and sometimes slower
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
37. _________
The map shows three circles used to locate an earthquake epicenter. Five lettered locations, A,
B, C, D, and E, are shown as reference points. Epicenter distances from three locations are
represented. At which location was the difference in time of arrival of P-waves and S-waves the
greatest?
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
D
38. _________
The map above shows three circles used to locate an earthquake epicenter. Five lettered
locations, A, B, C, D, and E, are shown as reference points. Epicenter distances from three
locations are represented. The earthquake epicenter is located at point
A.
B.
C.
D.
A
B
C
E
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
39. _________
According to the graph of Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time in the reference
information, what is the approximate total distance traveled by an earthquake's P-wave in its
first 9 minutes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
2,600 km
5,600 km
7,600 km
12,100 km
40. _________
The diagram shows seisomograms recording the same earthquake at four different locations, A,
B, C, and D. The arrival of P- and S-waves are indicated on each seismogram. How far will a
P-wave travel in seven (7) minutes?
A.
B.
C.
D.
10,500 km
2,000 km
5,500 km
4,000 km
41. _________
What information about the earthquake could be determined by using the Earthquake P-wave
and S-wave Travel Time graph in the reference information and only one of the seismograms?
A.
B.
C.
D.
the distance to the epicenter
the depth of the focus
the location of the epicenter
the direction to the epicenter
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
42. _________
In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly?
A.
B.
C.
D.
hot and dry
hot and wet
cold and dry
cold and wet
43. _________
As a particle of sediment in the soil breaks into several smaller pieces, the rate of weathering of
the sediment will
A.
B.
C.
D.
decrease due to a decrease in surface area
decrease due to an increase in surface area
increase due to a decrease in surface area
increase due to an increase in surface area
44. _________
On earth, the predominate agent of erosion is
A.
B.
C.
D.
wave action
moving ice
running water
moving air
45. _________
Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering?
A.
B.
C.
D.
freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk
abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks
grinding of talc into a powder
dissolving of limestone by acid rain
46. _________
Which factors most directly control the development of soils?
A.
B.
C.
D.
soil particle sizes and method of deposition
bedrock composition and climate characteristics
direction of prevailing winds and storm tracks
earthquake intensity and volcanic activity
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
47. _________
The cross section shows a soil profile.
This soil was formed primarily by
A.
B.
C.
D.
erosion by glaciers
erosion by running water
capillarity and human activity
weathering and biological activity
48. _________
Which two New York State landscape regions are formed mostly of surface bedrock that is
approximately the same geologic age? Page 3 of ESRT
A.
B.
C.
D.
Manhattan Prong and Atlantic Coastal Plain
Erie-Ontario Lowlands and Adirondack Mountains
Adirondack Mountains and Allegheny Plateau
Tug Hill Plateau and St. Lawrence Lowlands
49. _________
In which New York State landscape region is most of the surface bedrock composed of
metamorphic rock?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Adirondacks
Catskills
Erie-Ontario Lowlands
Newark Lowlands
50. _________
Which sequence shows the order in which landscape regions are crossed as an airplane flies in a
straight course from Albany, New York, to Massena, New York?
A.
B.
C.
D.
plateau → plain → mountain
plateau → mountain → plain
plain → mountain → plain
mountain → plain → plateau
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Earth Science
Mid Term Part 1
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