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Transcript
Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 Name _________________________________________ 1. _________ Which property is most useful in mineral identification? A. B. C. D. hardness color size texture 2. _________ The recrystallization of unmelted material under high temperature and pressure results in A. B. C. D. metamorphic rock sedimentary rock igneous rock volcanic rock 3. _________ A fine-grained igneous rock contains 11% plagioclase, 72% pyroxene, 15% olivine, and 2% amphibole. This rock would be classified as A. B. C. D. granite rhyolite gabbro basalt 4. _________ Which relative concentrations of elements are found in felsic rock? A. B. C. D. a high concentration of aluminum and a low concentration of iron a high concentration of iron and a low concentration of aluminum a high concentration of magnesium and a low concentration of iron a high concentration of magnesium and a low concentrate of aluminum 5. _________ Which rock was most likely formed from pebble-sized sediment deposited in shallow water at an ocean shoreline? A. B. C. D. shale basalt siltstone conglomerate 1 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 6. _________ The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheets mainly because of its A. B. C. D. atomic arrangement chemical composition hardness density 7. _________ The best evidence for determining the cooling rate of an igneous rock during its solidification is provided by A. B. C. D. index fossils faults in the rock the crystal size of its minerals the disintegration of radioactive substances 8. _________ Which minerals are found in the igneous rocks gabbro and basalt? A. B. C. D. olivine and quartz olivine and pyroxene pyroxine and orthoclase orthoclase and quartz 9. _________ Which sedimentary rock is composed of fragmented skeletons and shells of sea organisms compacted and cemented together? A. B. C. D. shale limestone sandstone gypsum 10. _________ The relative hardness of a mineral can best be tested by A. B. C. D. scratching the mineral across a glass plate squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliers determining the density of the mineral breaking the mineral with a hammer 2 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 11. _________ Which is an accurate statement about rocks? A. B. C. D. Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth. Rocks seldom undergo change. Most rocks contain fossils. Most rocks have several minerals in common. 12. _________ The size of the mineral crystals found in an igneous rock is directly related to the A. B. C. D. density of the minerals color of the minerals cooling time of the molten rock amount of sediments cemented together 13. _________ Diagram 1 The diagram 1 represents five rock samples. Which sample is composed of sediments 0.006 centimeter to 0.2 centimeter in size that were compacted and cemented together? A. B. C. D. conglomerate sandstone gneiss granite 14. _________ The diagram 1 represents five rock samples. If granite were subjected to intense heat and pressure, it would most likely change to A. B. C. D. conglomerate sandstone gneiss basalt 3 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 15. _________ Diagram 2 The diagram 2 represents five rock samples. The basalt was most likely formed by A. B. C. D. heat and pressure melting and solidification compaction and cementation erosion and deposition 16. _________ The diagram 2 represents five rock samples. Which sample would most likely contain fossils? A. B. C. D. gneiss granite sandstone basalt 17. _________ The diagram 2 represents five rock samples. Which sample is igneous and has a coarse texture? A. B. C. D. sandstone conglomerate basalt granite 4 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 18. _________ The diagram shows a cross section of bedrock where the Niagara River flows over Niagara Falls. Which rock unit was most likely formed from chemical precipitates? A. B. C. D. Lockport dolostone Whirlpool sandstone Rochester shale Thorold sandstone 19. _________ Which rock most likely formed as a result of biologic processes? A. B. C. D. granite basalt sandstone limestone 20. _________ Certain minerals usually break along flat surfaces, while other minerals break unevenly. This characteristic is due to the A. B. C. D. luster of the mineral age of the mineral internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms force with which the mineral is broken 5 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 21. _________ Some nonsedimentary rocks are formed as a result of A. B. C. D. solidification of molten material evaporation and precipitation cementation of particles deposition of particles 22. _________ Which is a coarse-grained, igneous rock composed mainly of pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and olivine? A. B. C. D. granite gabbro rhyolite basalt 23. _________ Hawaii is located near the middle of which tectonic plate? A. B. C. D. Philippine plate Nazca plate North American plate Pacific plate 24. _________ According to the reference map of Tectonic Plates, the border between the South Amercian plate and the African plate is best described as A. B. C. D. converging and located at an oceanic ridge converging and located at an oceanic trench diverging and located at an oceanic ridge diverging and located at an oceanic trench 6 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 25. _________ The diagrams show geologic cross sections of the upper mantle and crust at four different Earth locations, A, B, C, and D. Movement of the crustal sections (plates) is indicated by arrows, and the locations of frequent earthquakes are indicated by an asterisk. Diagrams are not drawn to scale. Which location best represents the boundary between the African plate and the South American plate? A. B. C. D. A B C D 26. _________ Which diagram represents plate movement associated with transform faults such as those causing California earthquakes? A. B. C. D. A B C D 7 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 27. _________ The diagram below shows some features of Earth's crust and upper mantle. Which model most accurately shows the movements (arrows) associated with the surface features shown in the diagram? A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 8 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 28. _________ The map shows the continents of Africa and South America, the ocean between them, and the ocean ridge and transform faults. Locations A and D are on the continents. Locations B and C are on the ocean floor. Which table best shows the relative densities of the crustal bedrock at locations A, B, C, and D? A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 9 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 29. _________ Which graph best shows the relative age of the ocean-floor bedrock from location B to location C? A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 10 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 30. _________ Which cross section below best represents the crustal plate motion that is the primary cause of the volcanoes and deep rift valleys found at mid-ocean ridges? A. B. C. D. 1 2 3 4 31. _________ According to plate tectonic theory, during which geologic time interval did the continents of North America and Africa separate, resulting in the initial opening of the Atlantic Ocean? Page 8-9 of ESRT A. B. C. D. Mesozoic Era Paleozoic Era Proterozoic Eon Archean Eon 32. _________ Which diagram correctly shows how mantle currents are most likely moving beneath colliding plates? convection lithospheric 11 Earth Science A. B. C. D. Mid Term Part 1 1 2 3 4 33. _________ The diagram below shows a tectonic plate boundary. Which mantle hot spot is at a plate boundary like the one shown in this diagram? A. B. C. D. Hawaii Hot Spot Yellowstone Hot Spot Galapagos Hot Spot Canary Hot Spot 34. _________ Which mountain range resulted from the collision of North America and Africa, as parts of Pangea joined together in the late Pennsylvanian Period? A. B. C. D. Appalachian Mountains Acadian Mountains Taconic Mountains Grenville Mountains 12 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 35. _________ The diagram below shows the interaction of two tectonic plates. The type of plate boundary represented in the diagram most likely exists between the A. B. C. D. Antarctic Plate and the African Plate Antarctic Plate and the Indian-Australian Plate South American Plate and the Nazca Plate South American Plate and the African Plate 36. _________ Earthquakes generate compressional waves (P-waves) and shear waves (S-waves). Compared to the speed of shear waves in a given earth material, the speed of compressional waves is A. B. C. D. always slower always faster always the same sometimes faster and sometimes slower 13 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 37. _________ The map shows three circles used to locate an earthquake epicenter. Five lettered locations, A, B, C, D, and E, are shown as reference points. Epicenter distances from three locations are represented. At which location was the difference in time of arrival of P-waves and S-waves the greatest? A. B. C. D. A B C D 38. _________ The map above shows three circles used to locate an earthquake epicenter. Five lettered locations, A, B, C, D, and E, are shown as reference points. Epicenter distances from three locations are represented. The earthquake epicenter is located at point A. B. C. D. A B C E 14 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 39. _________ According to the graph of Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time in the reference information, what is the approximate total distance traveled by an earthquake's P-wave in its first 9 minutes? A. B. C. D. 2,600 km 5,600 km 7,600 km 12,100 km 40. _________ The diagram shows seisomograms recording the same earthquake at four different locations, A, B, C, and D. The arrival of P- and S-waves are indicated on each seismogram. How far will a P-wave travel in seven (7) minutes? A. B. C. D. 10,500 km 2,000 km 5,500 km 4,000 km 41. _________ What information about the earthquake could be determined by using the Earthquake P-wave and S-wave Travel Time graph in the reference information and only one of the seismograms? A. B. C. D. the distance to the epicenter the depth of the focus the location of the epicenter the direction to the epicenter 15 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 42. _________ In which type of climate does chemical weathering usually occur most rapidly? A. B. C. D. hot and dry hot and wet cold and dry cold and wet 43. _________ As a particle of sediment in the soil breaks into several smaller pieces, the rate of weathering of the sediment will A. B. C. D. decrease due to a decrease in surface area decrease due to an increase in surface area increase due to a decrease in surface area increase due to an increase in surface area 44. _________ On earth, the predominate agent of erosion is A. B. C. D. wave action moving ice running water moving air 45. _________ Which activity demonstrates chemical weathering? A. B. C. D. freezing of water in the cracks of a sandstone sidewalk abrasion of a streambed by tumbling rocks grinding of talc into a powder dissolving of limestone by acid rain 46. _________ Which factors most directly control the development of soils? A. B. C. D. soil particle sizes and method of deposition bedrock composition and climate characteristics direction of prevailing winds and storm tracks earthquake intensity and volcanic activity 16 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 47. _________ The cross section shows a soil profile. This soil was formed primarily by A. B. C. D. erosion by glaciers erosion by running water capillarity and human activity weathering and biological activity 48. _________ Which two New York State landscape regions are formed mostly of surface bedrock that is approximately the same geologic age? Page 3 of ESRT A. B. C. D. Manhattan Prong and Atlantic Coastal Plain Erie-Ontario Lowlands and Adirondack Mountains Adirondack Mountains and Allegheny Plateau Tug Hill Plateau and St. Lawrence Lowlands 49. _________ In which New York State landscape region is most of the surface bedrock composed of metamorphic rock? A. B. C. D. Adirondacks Catskills Erie-Ontario Lowlands Newark Lowlands 50. _________ Which sequence shows the order in which landscape regions are crossed as an airplane flies in a straight course from Albany, New York, to Massena, New York? A. B. C. D. plateau → plain → mountain plateau → mountain → plain plain → mountain → plain mountain → plain → plateau 17 Earth Science Mid Term Part 1 18