Download document

Plate
Tectonics
Deformation
of the Crust
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
Other
100 pt
100 pt
100 pt
100 pt
100 pt
200 pt
200 pt
200pt
200 pt
200 pt
300 pt
300 pt
300 pt
300 pt
300 pt
400 pt
400 pt
400 pt
400 pt
400 pt
1000 pt
500 pt
800 pt
500 pt
1000 pt
How do the age of the rocks found
at the center of a mid-ocean ridge
compare to rocks farther away from
a mid-ocean ridge?
They were formed more recently
than rocks farther from the ridge
When does a rift valley form?
A rift valley forms when an oceanic
or continental plate pulls apart
How do convection currents in the
mantle affect tectonic plates?
As the mantle material moves, it
drags the overlying tectonic plates
along with it
What is ridge push?
Ridge push is the force exerted
when cooling lithosphere sinks,
causing the asthenosphere below it
to exert force on a plate.
How were the islands of Japan
formed?
Which plates were involved?
(Fig 4. Page 250)
The islands of Japan are formed by
the subduction of the Pacific plate
and the Philippine plate under the
Eurasian plate
What is the definition of Isostasy?
The definition of Isostasy is as
follows: a condition of gravitational
and buoyant equilibrium between
Earth’s lithosphere and
asthenosphere
What two factors will encourage
rock to deform in a ductile fashion?
High temperature and high pressure
What are the names of the two
mountain belts of the world?
The names are EurasianMelanesian and Circum-Pacific
In a syncline fold, what is the
relative age of the rock in the
center?
The rock in the center of a syncline
fold is the youngest compared to
the other rock in the fold.
How are fault block mountains
formed?
What other geographical feature is
also formed in the same type of
faulting?
Fault-block mountains are formed
when faults break the Earth’s crust
into large blocks and some blocks
drop down relative to other blocks.
Grabens are formed via the same
type of faulting.
What instrument is used to record
vibration in the ground?
A seismograph
What is the difference between the
focus and the epicenter of an
earthquake?
The focus is the location within
Earth along a fault at which the first
motion of an earthquake occurs.
The epicenter is the point on
Earth’s surface directly above an
earthquake’s focus
What type of motion do P-Waves
cause?
What about S-Waves?
P-Waves cause back-and-forth
direction motion while S-waves
cause side-to-side direction motion
On the Richter scale, a III level
earthquake and a IV level
earthquake were measured.
How many times stronger was the
IV compared to the III?
[Question from ‘08 STAR test]
10 times
What is the shadow zone called that
occurs from 105 to 140 degrees
away from the epicenter of an
earthquake?
(Fig. 4 pg 298)
The P-Wave shadow zone
Volcanically active and usually far
from a tectonic plate boundary,
Hawaii was formed from this :
A Hot Spot
What is name of the lava that is
least viscous?
Pahoehoe
What is the difference between lava
and magma?
Magma is molten rock
Lava is magma that has flowed
onto Earth’s surface
Plutons form when magma does not reach
the Earth’s surface, but instead cools and
solidifies inside the crust.
What are small, tabular plutons called?
What about large plutons with an area
over 100 km2?
Dikes and Batholiths, respectively
What is the Latin name for large
pyoclastic particles less than 64
mm in diameter?
Lapilli
What are the four branches of Earth
Science?
Geology, Oceanography,
Meteorology and Astronomy
Earth is not a sphere – instead it is
this:
An oblate spheroid
For more than forty years, scientists
have tried to harness this alternate
energy source and have failed
because of the extreme
temperatures involved. What is this
energy source?
Nuclear fusion
Rocks in the Felsic family contain
more of this substance than rock in
the Mafic rock family. What
substance is this?
Silica
What is the common name for
Chalcopyrite?
Copper