Download Honors Extensions Appear In Boxes

Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
Honors Extensions Appear In Boxes
UNIT 1: ECOLOGY
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
made up of individual organisms of the same species
all nonliving things in an environment
made up of the organisms and nonliving things in an area
portion of Earth that supports life
all living organisms in an environment
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
6. get energy by eating other organisms
7. eat both plants and animals
8. eat only animals
9. collect energy to produce their own food
10. eat only plants
11. eat or break down dead things
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
abiotic factors
biosphere
biotic factors
ecosystem
population
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
autotrophs
carnivores
detritivores
herbivores
heterotrophs
omnivores
L.17.9 Label the food web below & identify each trophic level with the choices below:
Carnivore
Herbivore
Omnivore
Producer
Detritivore
12. Which populations will increase if the panther is removed from the ecosystem? _____________________________
13. Which populations will decrease if the panther is removed from the ecosystem? _____________________________
14. Which population would be most negatively affected if the worms and insects were removed from the ecosystem?
__________________________
15. Choose one of the above organisms (except the autotrophs) and discuss the effect that the absence of that organism will
have on the other organisms in the food web. Be sure to construct your response using the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning
framework for constructing scientific explanations.
L.17.10 Number the steps of the water cycle in order in which they occur. Begin with the collection of water in lakes or oceans.
_____ 16. Groundwater and runoff from land surfaces flow into rivers, lakes, and oceans.
_____ 17. Water returns to Earth as rain or snow through the process of precipitation.
_____ 18. Through evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a gas that becomes part of the air.
_____ 19. Through condensation, water in the air changes from a gas to tiny droplets of liquid.
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
20. Use the words at the right to label the picture below. Some phrases will
be used more than once. All phrases will be used at least once
A. Burning of fossil fuels
B. Death, decomposition
C. Photosynthesis
D. Respiration
E. Industry & Agriculture
F. Carbon Dioxide in atmosphere
G. Carbon compounds converted to fossil fuels
H. Carbon Dioxide dissolved in water
I. Precipitation
J. Calcium carbonate in seashells
21. Describe the movement of energy and nutrients through and ecosystem
_______________________________________________________________________________________
L.17.4
22. What do we call those species which are present during secondary succession and that are the first to colonize previously
disrupted or damaged ecosystems, beginning a chain of ecological succession that ultimately leads to a renewed ecosystem?
_______________________________________________________________________________________
23. Cite two reasons why secondary succession is faster than primary succession.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
L.17.5 Identify the following as density-dependent or density-independent limiting factors.
24. Earthquake-related tsunami ______________________________
25. Intense competition for a food source________________________
26. Influenza epidemic _________________________
27. Flooding due to a hurricane ___________________________
28. Change in the number of predators ________________________
29. Define population density ________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Time
Size
Population
Size
Population
30. Draw the 2 types of population growth graphs (S-curve and J-curve) and label. Label Carrying Capacity.
Time
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
31. Define limiting factor and list several factors that can affect the carrying capacity of the above pictures.
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
32. L.17.4 Explain how each of the following influence global climate:
a. Solar energy trapped in the biosphere _________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
b. Latitude ________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
c. Transport of heat by wind and ocean currents __________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
L.17.2 The distribution of life in aquatic ecosystems is affected by many factors. Match the correct Jeopardy-style response
the correct factor.
_____ 33. The lack of this would kill off surface level autotrophs
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Fish would lose significant amounts of water to the environment if this is too high
Not pH, this factor would slow down or halt enzymatic action
Too much carbon dioxide in the atmospheres leads to decreases in this factor
This factor draws its effect from latitude and proximity to land.
Extremes of pressure can occur here
What is …?
A. pH/chemistry
B. geography
C. light
D. depth
E. salinity
F. Temperature
Place the zone letter in the blank next to the associated response
_____ 39. Zone likely to included photosynthetic
plankton
_____ 40. This Zone is likely to include animals with
bioluminescence like the angler fish from Nemo
_____ 41. This Zone has the greatest pressure
_____ 42. Besides Zone D, this zone is NOT likely
to include photosynthetic organisms
L.17.8
_____
_____
_____
_____
_____
Identify the following statement as TRUE or FALSE
43. The current rate of species extinction is unprecedented.
44. Island species are especially vulnerable to extinction.
45. Only a few factors threaten biodiversity.
46. The primary cause of extinction is loss of habitat.
47. Introduced species make biodiversity stronger and more stable
48. What is an invasive species and why does it cause so many problems?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
49. L.17.11 Name the 2 classes of natural resources and the pros and cons of each.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
50. L.17.20 Define acid rain. Explain the problems it causes for the environment.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
51. Describe how the following are “Threats to Biodiversity” and provide examples of each
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Overexploitation:
Destruction of habitat:
Disruption of habitat:
Introduced species:
Fragmentation of habitat:
Pollution of habitat:
52. Why is the burning of fossil fuels bad for the environment?
UNIT 2: BIOCHEMISTRY
L.,18.1, L.18.11 Match the following terms to their definitions
__1
Activation Energy
A
weak bonds between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of a nearby
water molecule
__2
Carbohydrate
B
amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree
Celsius. Higher for water than any other common substance
__3
Enzyme deficiency
C
any compound containing carbon in covalent bonds
__4
Hydrogen bond
D
G
a molecule of low molecular weight capable of reacting with identical or different
molecules of low molecular weight to form a polymer
the minimum amount of energy required to convert a normal stable molecule into a
reactive molecule
a compound of high molecular weight derived by condensation of many smaller
molecules with the elimination of water
substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
__5
Lipid
E
__6
Monomer
F
__7
Non-polar
__8
Nucleic acid
H
substance formed in a chemical reaction
__9
Organic compound
I
__10
Phospholipid bilayer
J
__11
Polar
K
__12
Polymer
L
organic compounds, including sugars and polysaccharides that contain carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen, with the general formula (C H 2 O) n : an important source of
food and energy for animals
fats, oils, waxes, sterols, and triglycerides, that are insoluble in water but soluble in
common organic solvents, and together with carbohydrates and proteins constitute
the principal structural material of living cells (CH2)nO<n
long, linear macromolecules, either DNA or various types of RNA, that carry genetic
information directing all cellular functions: composed of linked nucleotides.
composed of 20 or more amino acids linked in a genetically controlled linear sequence
into one or more long polypeptide chains
The absence of a functioning protein that controls the rate of a reaction
__13
Product
__14
Protein
__15
Reactant
O
__16
Specific Heat
P
M
N
A molecule in which there is (almost) no polarity in the bonds (when there is an equal
sharing of electrons between two different atoms) or because of the symmetrical
arrangement of polar bonds. Not soluble in water
A molecule in which the atoms have differences in electronegativity, or as a result of
an asymmetric arrangement of bonds and non-bonding pairs of electrons. Soluble in
water
The main lipid component of biological membranes, a molecule composed of glycerol,
phosphate, two fatty acids, and 'headgroups' with different chemical properties.
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
L.18.12
21. Hydrogen bonding occurs between the positive charged _______________ (type of atom) region of one water molecule
and the negatively charged _______________(type of atom) region of a nearby water molecule.
23. Compared to other substances, water has a (high/low) specific heat. Why property of water is responsible for this?
_____________________________________________________
24. In order for water to increase in temperature hydrogen bonds must (break/form).
25. List four properties of water that are related to water’s ability to form hydrogen bonds.
a.
b.
c.
d.
P.8.12, L.18.7
26. Fill in the reactants and products for photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis: 6 _____+ 6 _____ → _____ + 6 _____
Cellular Respiration: _____ + 6 _____ → 6 _____+ 6 _____
27. Write the name of each molecule in each of the above chemical equations.
C=
H=
O=
28. List the properties of carbon that make it necessary to forming organic molecules.
29. L.18.1 What is the correct macromolecule associated with each of the following descriptions
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
C. nucleic acid
D. protein
___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the simple sugar
___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the nucleotide
___. The monomer of this class of macromolecules is the amino acid
Honors Extensions
L.18.1-L.18.4 What is the correct macromolecule associated with each of the following descriptions
A. carbohydrate
B. lipid
C. nucleic acid
D. protein
___. This molecule is the ready form of energy used by cells.
___. This molecule stores energy, forms cell membranes, acts as a hormone, and insulates.
___. This molecule is used to transport oxygen, act as an enzyme, transport materials across the cell membrane, and forms the
filaments of muscles.
___. This molecule is formed when a glycerol loses three (-OH) groups and three fatty acids lose hydrogens (-H) forming a
common energy-storing molecule.
30. What is the difference between the function of glycogen, amylase, and cellulose?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
31. What is the function of triglyceride, phospholipid, wax, and cholesterol in the cell?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
32. How does the polar head and non-polar tails of a phospholipid allow phospholipid bilayers to form the cell membrane?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
L.18.11
33. Explain the concept of optimum environment for enzyme function.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
34. Explain why reactions occur more slowly at cold temperatures that at warmer temperatures.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
35. Explain why enzyme mediated reactions slow and stop at temperatures above 50°C.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
36. Describe how a change in pH might affect the function of an enzyme.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
37. Define the relationship between enzymes and activation energy.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 3: CELL AND CELL CYCLE
1. L.14.1, N.3.1, N.3.4 Define the following Key Terms
a. Theory:
b. Law:
c. Hypothesis:
2. List the three principles of the cell theory.
a.
b.
c.
3. Answer the following question. Will cell theory ever become the Law of Cells? Be sure to construct your response using the
Claim, Evidence, Reasoning framework for constructing scientific explanations.
5. L.14.4 Name the 4 types of microscopes and identify their function (i.e., what they resolve).
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
5. What did each of the following contribute to our knowledge of cells? How did their contributions lead to the development
of the Cell Theory?
a)Robert Hooke
b)Anton van Leeuwenhoek
c) Schleiden
d) Schwann
e) Virchow
6. L.14.3 List the structures typically found in a prokaryotic cell.
7. What type of organism is made up of prokaryotic cells?
8. In what ways do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells?
9. L.14.3 List all the organelles found in plant cells but not in animal cells.
10. List all the organelles found in animal cells but not in plant cells.
11. Identify the structure and function of the following organelles:
a) cell wall
b) cell membrane (plasma
membrane)
c) cytoplasm
d) nucleus
e) nuclear envelope
f) nucleolus
g) chromatin
h) chromosomes
i) ribosomes
j) endoplasmic reticulum
k) microtubules
l) microfilaments
m) vacuoles
12. Using the diagram below, identify the following numbered parts:
#1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12
1
2
3
4
6
9
10
12
13
n) mitochondria
o) Golgi apparatus
p) chloroplasts
q) lysosomes
r) cilia
s) flagella
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
13. L.14.2 Define the Key Terms associated with Cell Transport:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Active transport
Diffusion
Facilitated Diffusion
Homeostasis
e) Lipid Bilayer
f) Osmosis
g) Osmotic pressure
h) Passive transport
i) Selectively permeable
14. Sketch a portion of the plasma membrane and label the parts.
15. Using the following diagram, explain the process that is shown.
Start
 After 30 minutes
16. Using the following diagram, describe what will happen to the bag if it is will ONLY allow water to move through it. (Will
the bag increase in size, decrease in size or stay the same size ?) Explain why.
17. What term would best describe the process occurring below? (Choices include diffusion, osmosis or active transport).
Explain why the water level is higher on the right side.
Start

After 30 minutes
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
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18. How does active transport differ from passive transport?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
19. Identify each of the following as either “active transport”, “osmosis” or “diffusion”:
a) A bottle of cologne is left open in the morning. By the end of the day, your entire house smells like the cologne.
b) Water moves from the soil into the root cells of a plant.
c) The cell uses ATP to transport potassium ions into the cell from an area of low concentration to an area of higher
concentration.
20. Define the following Key Terms associated with Cell Reproduction:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Asexual Reproduction
Apoptosis
Cell Cycle
Centromere
Chromosome
Chromatid
Chromatin
Crossing Over
i) Cytokinesis
j) Diploid
k) Gametes
l) Haploid
m) Homologous
n) Independent assortment
o) Sexual Reproduction
p) Tetrad
q) Zygote
r) Mitosis

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase
s) Meiosis I
t) Meiosis II
21. L.16.4 Identify what occurs during each of the following stages of the cell cycle:
a) G1
b) S
c) G2
d) M
e) Cytokinesis
22. In the space below, sketch the cell cycle and label all the parts.
23. Cell division is a result of mitosis and cytokinesis.
a) How many cells are produced if one cell undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis?
b) Are the "daughter" cells genetically identical or different from the parent cell?
c) Does the chromosome number in the daughter cells remain the same or is it different from the parent cell?
d) What kinds of cells normally undergo mitosis?
24. L.16.8 Explain how cancer cells differ from normal cells?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
25. L.16.17 In what ways is meiosis different from mitosis? Explain your answer in terms of ...
a) How many cells are produced from the one parent cell?
Mitosis____________
cells
Meiosis____________ cells
b) Are the cells produced genetically identical or different from the parent cell?
Mitosis ___________________
Meiosis_________________
c) Does the chromosome number remain the same or is it different?
Mitosis___________________
Meiosis_________________
d) What kinds of cells are produced from mitosis? What kinds are produced from meiosis?
Mitosis___________________
Meiosis_________________
26. L.16.16 Explain why the process of "crossing over" is an important event during meiosis.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
27. Using coloring pencils, make a sketch of chromosomes which shows the process described in # 26.
28. What is "independent assortment"?
a) Explain why "independent assortment" is an important event during meiosis?
b) Using coloring pencils, make a sketch (below) which shows this process.
Honors Extensions L.16.15
29. By what process do prokaryotic cells reproduce?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
30. Describe key differences between mitosis and binary fission.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
31. Is binary fission a form of sexual or asexual reproduction? Explain why.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 5: CELLULAR ENERGETICS
1. Define the following Key Terms associated with Cellular Energetics:
a)
b)
c)
d)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Autotroph
Carbon dioxide
Chlorophyll
e)
f)
g)
h)
Electron transport
Glucose
Heterotroph
Oxygen
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
2. L.18.10 What is ATP?
a) What do the letters A-T-P mean?
b) What is the function of ATP?
c) How does ATP perform this function?
d) How is ATP produced in the cell?
e) Where does ATP store energy?
3. L.18.8 Describe the process of cellular respiration?
a) Write the word equation for cellular respiration.
b) What are the reactants (the substances that are needed)?
c) What are the products (the substances that are produced)?
d) Other than in the cytoplasm, where does cellular respiration occur (name the organelle) ?
e) Explain why cellular respiration is an AEROBIC process.
4. What is ANAEROBIC respiration?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Describe how and where the following examples of anaerobic respiration occur:
a) lactic acid fermentation
b) alcoholic fermentation
6. L.18.7 Describe the process of photosynthesis?
a) Write the word equation for photosynthesis.
b) What are the reactants (the substances that are needed)?
c) What are the products (the substances that are produced)?
d) Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
e) Fill in the words for reactants and products on this drawing of a leaf:
7. L.18.9 Explain how photosynthesis is different from cellular respiration?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
8. Explain why cellular respiration is dependent on photosynthesis?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Honors Extensions P.10.1
9. Define the following and describe how they relate to chemical processes in the cell:
a. First Law of Thermodynamics: ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
b. Second Law of Thermodynamics
_______________________________________________________________________________
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
c.
d.
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
Anabolic ________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Catabolic_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
UNIT 5: MENDELIAN GENETICS
1. Define the following:
a. Alleles
b. Chromosome
c. Codominance
d. Diploid
e. Dominant trait
f. Genes
g. Genotype:
h. Haploid
i. Heredity
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
Heterozygous
Homologous
Homozygous
Incomplete
dominance
Law of Independent
Assortment
Law of Segregation
Multiple alleles
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
Mutation
Pathogen
Pedigree
Phenotype
Polygenic traits
Recessive trait
Sex-linked Traits
2. L.16.1 In guinea pigs, the allele for rough coat (R) is dominant over the allele for smooth coat (r). A heterozygous
guinea pig and a homozygous recessive guinea pig have 1 offspring. What is the chance that offspring will have a smooth
coat? Create a Punnett Square in the space below as part of your explanation.
3. Cross a mouse that has heterozygous black fur, homozygous red eyes with a homozygous white fur, heterozygous black
eyes mouse (dominant traits – black fur and black eyes).
Use the above cross to provide phenotypic information below.
a. Black fur, Black eyes : __________%
b. Black fur, Black red : __________%
c.
d.
White fur, Black eyes: ___________%
White fur, Red eyes: ___________%
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
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4. L.16.2 It has been discovered that the blue skin color of Smurfs is a recessive trait (bb). Lately some Smurfs have
been born with white skin. It appears that white skin is a dominant trait (B). In addition to skin color, many Smurfs
have curly hair. Curley hair is an incomplete dominant trait as the genotype for curly hair is (Cc); straight hair is CC and
frizzy hair is recessive (cc). If you cross the two parents below, what is the probability of having a white Smurf child
with curly hair?
a. Parent 1: CcBb
b. Parent 2: ccbb
5. What is the probability that a couple will have a color-blind female if the mom is a
carrier and the dad is color blind?
6. Incomplete and Complete Dominance Check
a. In which type of inheritance does the offspring display characteristics of both parents?
______________________________
b. In which type of inheritance does the offspring display a blend of traits from the parents?
______________________________
7. Coat color in cows is inherited as a codominant pattern. If you mate two CWCB
bovine, what will the offspring look like?
8. The various blood types provide examples of 2 distinct inheritance patterns. What
are the 2 patterns and the examples of those patterns?
9. Multiple Alleles: A woman with Type O blood and a man who is Type AB have are
expecting a child. What are the possible blood types of the kid?
10. Give 2 examples of common polygenetic traits
Biology Semester 1 Course Review
Name__________________________ Date___________ Per___
11. HE.912.C.1.4 List 4 common environmental mutagens and explain how they affect genes
a.
b.
c.
12. Refer to the pedigree above to answer the following questions:
a. Which person is most likely to develop symptoms of the disease that is tracked in the pedigree?
b.
According to the pedigree, identify the individual in Generation II who is a carrier of the disease but has no
offspring?
13. Examine the pedigrees and determine the MOST probable mode of inheritance for each one
8. Explain how environmental factors can reduce or increase a person’s risk of developing cancer?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________