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Spring 2013 Biology Final Exam Review Guide Ms. Garcia What do I need to get on the final? Quarter 2 and 3 = 80% Final Exam = 20% (.20)X + (.80)A = B A= Current Grade B= Percent You Want for Semester X= Percent Needed on Final Ex: If my current grade is a 78%, what do I need to get on the exam to have a final grade of 80%? A=78 B=80 (0.2)X + (0.8)78 = 80 X= 88% *************There will be 100 multiple choice questions on the final exam***************** ************* Number in (parenthesis) = approximate number of question on topic************* Meiosis (12) Do somatic cells undergo meiosis Anaphase of mitosis and meiosis I Crossing over (phase of meioses and importance) Random Fertilization (importance) Independent Assortment (importance) Nuclear divisions in mitosis vs meiosis # chromosomes in human diploid and haploid cells Automsomes Recognize karyotypes (female, male, trisomy, super male, monosomy) Genetics (14) How do you represent a recessive and dominant allele with letters Example of an allele Who is the “father” of genetics? Phenotype vs Genotype Homozygous vs Heterozygous Sex-Linked punnett Squares (XwY x XwX Single allele punnett squares (Aa x AA) Double allele punnett squares (AaBB X AAbb) Pedigrees Evolution (14) Define adaptation How does natural selection drive evolution? Why does natural selection need variation? Vestigial Structures Homologous Structures “Are We Still Evolving”? –Why is the rate of evolution in developing countries different than the rate of evolution in the western world? What is the connection between Hemochromatosis and Alzheimers? What does the “Evolutionary Arms race” refer to? Why is this statement a misconception: Evolution gives organisms what they need” Problems with inbreeding and species survival Classification (5) Order which the 6 kingdoms appeared Largest (most diverse) division Correct format to write the scientific name for humans Read a cladogram Archaebacteria Kingdom (2) What environment can halophiles be found in? Bacteria Kingdom (8) Structure of bacteria (cell wall, membrane, etc) Nucleus? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes Protista Kingdom (9) Where can they be found? Main characteristics Recognize: paramecium, spirogyra, euglena, amoeba, and diatoms. Fungi Kingdom (11) Alexander Flemming (what is he credited for) Can they be parasites? How do fungi get their energy? Hyphae Economical importance Structures of a mushroom Plantae Kingdom (13) Angiosperms vs Gymnosperms (which came first?) Structures of a plant cells (cuticle, xylem, stoma, epidermis, palisade, etc) What are flowers used for? Monocots and Dicots Structure of a flower (anther, pistol, etc) Photosynthesis Equation Animalia Kingdom (9) Symmetry Ventral, Dorsal, Posterior, Anterior Dissected regions of fetal pig Ecology (13) Why do smaller populations have a higher extinction rate? Be able to read a population pyramid Determine changes that will occur in a population pyramid over a series of years Recognize general pyramid shape of wealth and poor countries 3 things that must be taken into account when studying populations Population density Abiotic vs Biotic Density Independent Factors vs Density Dependent Factors Carrying Capacity Differentiate between graphs representing: predators/prey, k-strategists, and r-strategists Spring 2013 Biology MODIFID: Final Exam Review Guide Ms. Garcia What do I need to get on the final? Quarter 2 and 3 = 80% Final Exam = 20% (.20)X + (.80)A = B A= Current Grade B= Percent You Want for Semester X= Percent Needed on Final Ex: If my current grade is a 78%, what do I need to get on the exam to have a final grade of 80%? A=78 B=80 (0.2)X + (0.8)78 = 80 X= 88% *************There will be 65 multiple choice questions on the final exam***************** ************* Number in (parenthesis) = approximate number of question on topic************* Meiosis (8) Anaphase of mitosis and meiosis I Crossing over (phase of meioses and importance) Random Fertilization (importance) Independent Assortment (importance) Nuclear divisions in mitosis vs meiosis # chromosomes in human diploid and haploid cells Automsomes Recognize karyotypes (female, male, trisomy, super male, monosomy) Genetics (7) Phenotype vs Genotype Homozygous vs Heterozygous Sex-Linked punnett Squares (XwY x XwX Single allele punnett squares (Aa x AA) Pedigrees Evolution (12) How does natural selection drive evolution? Why does natural selection need variation? Vestigial Structures “Are We Still Evolving”? –Why is the rate of evolution in developing countries different than the rate of evolution in the western world? What is the connection between Hemochromatosis and Alzheimers? What does the “Evolutionary Arms race” refer to? Why is this statement a misconception: Evolution gives organisms what they need” Problems with inbreeding and species survival Classification (3) Largest (most diverse) division Correct format to write the scientific name for humans Read a cladogram Archaebacteria Kingdom (1) What environment can halophiles be found in? Bacteria Kingdom (1) Structure of bacteria (cell wall, membrane, etc) Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes Protista Kingdom (5) Where can they be found? Recognize: paramecium, spirogyra, euglena, amoeba, and diatoms. Fungi Kingdom (4) Alexander Flemming (what is he credited for) Hyphae Structures of a mushroom Plantae Kingdom (8) Structures of a plant cells (cuticle, xylem, stoma, epidermis, palisade, etc) What are flowers used for? Monocots and Dicots Structure of a flower (anther, pistol, etc) Photosynthesis Equation Animalia Kingdom (6) Symmetry Ventral, Dorsal, Posterior, Anterior Dissected regions of fetal pig Ecology (10) Be able to read a population pyramid Determine changes that will occur in a population pyramid over a series of years Recognize general pyramid shape of wealth and poor countries 3 things that must be taken into account when studying populations Abiotic vs Biotic Carrying Capacity Differentiate between graphs representing: predators/prey, k-strategists, and r-strategists