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Hypotheses, Theories and Science
1. Which of the following best describes the logic of hypothesis-based science?
a. If I generate a testable hypothesis, tests and observations will support it.
b. If my prediction is correct, it will lead to a testable hypothesis.
c. If my observations are accurate, they will support my hypothesis.
d. If my hypothesis is correct, I can expect certain test results.
e. If my experiments are set up right, they will lead to a testable hypothesis.
2. Which of the following statements best distinguishes hypotheses from theories in
science?
a. Theories are hypotheses that have been proved.
b. Hypotheses are guesses; theories are correct answers.
c. Hypotheses usually are relatively narrow in scope; theories have broad
explanatory power.
d. Hypotheses must be supported by lots of evidence.
e. Theories are proved true in all cases; hypotheses are usually falsified by tests.
3. What are the two main types of cells?
a. bacteria and archaea
b. plant and animal
c. bacteria and protists
d. prokaryotes and eukaryotes
e. bacteria and eukaryotes
4. Prokaryotic cells are found in the domain(s) _____.
a. Bacteria and Archaea
b. Bacteria and Eukarya
c. Bacteria and Protista
d. Bacteria
e. Protista and Archaea
5. A theory is _____.
a. a poorly supported idea that has little backing but might be correct
b. a well-supported concept that has broad explanatory power
c. the same thing as a hypothesis
d. not correct unless it is several years old
e. a concept that, once established in the scientific literature, can be modified but
never rejected, even when new scientific methods produce data that don't fit
6. A man states that he saw Bigfoot in an isolated forest. He was alone and did not take
pictures or collect any physical evidence of Bigfoot. Why would his observation be given
little scientific credence?
Would astrology be given scientific credence?
7. Biology is organized in a ________________, increasing in complexity each time you
go (up/down). As complexity of the organization increases, more characteristics are
known, which are called ________________________________. With this organization,
we can use _____________________________, in that we can look at simpler, smaller
pieces of the whole instead of studying the hugely complex field of biology at once.
8. Where is a bacterial cell’s DNA found?
a. Mitochondria
b. Nucleus
c. Peroxisome
d. Nucleoid region
e. Capsule
9. Gram-___________ bacteria have lipopolysaccharides on their cell wall, meaning they
are ___________ resistant to antibiotics, which prevent peptidoglycan cross-linking.
a. Negative…more
b. Negative…less
c. Positive…less
d. Positive…more
10. Bacterial cells, but not eukaryotic cells, possess _____.
a. Photosynthetic pigments
b. A nucleoid with a circular chromosome
c. Membrane-enclosed organelles
d. Cell walls
11. Plasmids _____.
a. Often contain antibiotic resistance genes.
b. Are transferred from one bacterium to another.
c. Allow bacteria to survive adverse conditions.
d. All of the above.
12. Prokaryotes can either make their own energy, which are called
__________________, or get energy from outside sources, called __________________.
13. List reasons as to why bacteria are able to adapt so readily to their environment. How
is this bad for humans?